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盐碱地化学改良技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍土壤盐渍化的危害及盐碱地化学改良技术。进行磷石膏、粉煤灰、糠醛渣配合使用的木箱容器实验,对盐碱地的改良起到较好的效果,w(盐)下降58.1%,pH下降22.97%,碱化度下降31.18%,但后期土壤发生表聚反盐现象。因此选用硅藻土混合物、废旧薄膜、树叶混合物为隔离层进行模拟大田实验,通过不同的处理发现可以破坏土壤毛细管的连续性,减少土壤水分的蒸发,抑制盐分的表聚,降低耕作层盐分的含量,在土壤30 cm深处加隔离层较为优化,总盐度降低88.47%,pH下降22.9%,总碱度下降31.61%,反盐现象得到改善。 相似文献
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1995~1996年在稻茬免耕小麦田,进行了播前和播后药剂除草试验.结果表明,播前用41%草甘膦75ml/667m~2或20%百草枯100ml/667m~2防除杂草效果分别为96、94.1%.播后4天用10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2、10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2+25%异丙隆100g/667m~2.对总草株防效分别61.4、80.3%,明显优于50%丁草胺100ml/667m~2防效(44.2%).而在小麦苗2叶1心期用10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2、10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2+25%异丙隆100g/667m~2、10%甲·绿5g/667m~2、25%异丙隆250g/667m~2,对总草株防效分别达82.6、97.3、90.0、88.3%.且比播后土壤处理防效好,并对小麦较安全.示范推广应用中,将播前和播后药剂除草技术相结合,可有效控制稻茬免(少)耕小麦田草害. 相似文献
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含腐植酸土壤调理剂对盐碱土的淋洗效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究含不同腐植酸的土壤调理剂对盐碱土改良的效应,采取土柱淋溶系统进行模拟试验,设置含腐植酸褐煤及硝基腐植酸与钙、镁配施6个处理,HA1:施入含腐植酸褐煤375 kg/667 m~2;HA2:含腐植酸褐煤和磷石膏按3∶1配施共375 kg/667 m~2;HA3:含腐植酸褐煤、磷石膏和硫酸镁按5∶2∶1配施共375 kg/667 m~2;XHA1:施入硝基腐植酸375 kg/667 m~2;XHA2:施入硝基腐植酸和磷石膏按3∶1配施共375 kg/667 m~2;XHA3:硝基腐植酸+磷石膏+硫酸镁(5∶2∶1配施,施用量375 kg/667 m~2)。通过9次淋洗水溶盐含量达到较平衡的状态,然后检测9次土壤淋洗液及土壤中p H、电导率(EC值)、Na~+、Cl~-、HCO_3~-及CO_3~(2-)的变化情况。结果表明:在淋洗条件下,施用硝基腐植酸较含腐植酸褐煤处理淋洗出更多的盐基离子。9次淋洗结束后,硝基腐植酸+磷石膏(3∶1配施,施用量375 kg/667 m~2)处理在土壤层的0~40 cm盐碱程度降低显著,电导率、水溶Na~+、水溶Cl~-和水溶HCO_3~-较CK分别显著降低24.00%、56.33%、89.19%和12.74%,土壤溶液p H降低0.1~0.16个单位。硝基腐植酸+磷石膏(3∶1配施,施用量375 kg/667 m~2)处理在本试验淋洗方式下取得较好的土壤盐碱改善效果。 相似文献
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【报告提要】1腐植酸应用盐碱地改良的历史自1978年吉林农业大学土壤教研室用硝基腐植酸,在盐碱地上种植玉米取得成功以来,经过大量实验证实,腐植酸在改良园林盐碱地中作用巨大。 相似文献
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《化肥工业》2017,(2)
为了研究控释掺混肥与土壤调理剂和生物有机肥配施对种植小麦的轻度盐化的滨海盐碱地的土壤性质、作物产量及经济效益方面的影响,利用滨海盐碱地进行小麦大田试验,并与农民习惯施肥进行对比。试验结果表明:在20~40 cm土壤中,与CCF处理相比,CRF处理可降低土壤全盐量6.6%~13.2%;相比CCF处理,CRF处理在小麦各个时期增加了耕层土壤的硝态氮含量,增幅为2.9%~13.1%,差异显著;CRF处理的小麦千粒重和产量均为最高,分别为37.45 g和5 963 kg/hm~2,较CCF处理差异显著,产量较CCF处理增加15.4%;CRF处理较CCF处理增加纯收入1 682元/hm~2,差异显著。从施肥便捷性、小麦产量和纯收入考虑,在低含盐量的滨海盐碱地种植小麦,推荐施用控释掺混肥。 相似文献
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对宁夏春小麦在不同盐分含量的土壤中生育情况研究结果表明,随土壤盐分含量的增加,小麦出苗时间推迟,出苗率下降,根系发育受到极大危害。表现为植株矮小,光合能力下降,营养生长期缩短,生殖生长提前,造成减产甚至绝产。 相似文献
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Bhim B. Ghaley H. Hauggaard-Nielsen H. Høgh-Jensen E. S. Jensen 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2005,73(2-3):201-212
The effect of sole and intercropping of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on crop yield, fertilizer and soil nitrogen (N) use was tested on a sandy loam soil at three levels of urea fertilizer
N (0, 4 and 8 g N m−2) applied at sowing. The 15 N enrichment and natural abundance techniques were used to determine N accumulation in the crops from the soil, fertilizer
and symbiotic N2 fixation. Intercrops of pea and wheat showed maximum productivity without the supply of N fertilizer. Intercropping increased
total dry matter (DM) and N yield, grain DM and N yield, grain N concentration, the proportion of N derived from symbiotic
N2 fixation, and soil N accumulation. With increasing fertilizer N supply, intercropped and sole cropped wheat responded with
increased yield, grain N yield and soil N accumulation, whereas the opposite was the case for pea. Fertilizer N enhanced the
competitive ability of intercropped wheat recovering up to 90% of the total intercrop fertilizer N acquisition and decreased
the proportion of pea in the intercrop, but without influencing the total intercrop grain yield. As a consequence, Land Equivalent
Ratios calculated on basis of total DM production decreased from a maximum of 1.34 to as low as 0.85 with increased fertilizer
N supply. The study suggests that pea–wheat intercropping is a cropping strategy that use N sources efficiently due to its
spatial self-regulating dynamics where pea improve its interspecific competitive ability in areas with lower soil N levels,
and vice versa for wheat, paving way for future option to reduce N inputs and negative environmental impacts of agricultural
crop production. 相似文献
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Effects of rice straw returning methods on N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O emission during wheat-growing season 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erdeng Ma Guangbin Zhang Jing Ma Hua Xu Zucong Cai Kazuyuki Yagi 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2010,88(3):463-469
A field experiment was conducted in Jurong of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China from 2006 to 2008 to investigate N2O emission during the wheat-growing season as affected by various rice straw returning methods prior to wheat cultivation.
The study was designed to have four treatments: no rice straw applied (CK), rice straw burnt in situ (RB), rice straw evenly
incorporated into the topsoil (RI), rice straw evenly spread over the field as mulch (RM). Results showed that N2O emission was decreased by 24–29% in Treatment RB and by 3–18% in Treatment RI, but increased by 15–39% in Treatment RM,
compared with that in Treatment CK. The contents of soil total C and N at wheat harvest were significantly increased by 7–13%
and by 8–12% in Treatment RI, respectively, compared with that in Treatment CK. The wheat grain yield in Treatment RI was
1.0–1.2 times that in the Treatment CK. Based on these results, the best management practice of returning rice straw to the
soil prior to wheat cultivation is evenly incorporating rice straw into the topsoil, as the method tended to reduce N2O emission during the wheat-growing season and increase wheat yield and soil fertility. 相似文献
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左丹系腈类旱田除草剂苗后应用可有铲防除玉米,小麦田中的茼麻,苍耳,黎,苋,菜,豚草,鸭趼昌等绝大多数阔叶杂草,而且对作物安全,反应速度快,无土壤残,不影响后茬轮作。 相似文献
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盐土改良是盐碱地改良的难点,盐土绿化应采取综合技术措施,施用腐植酸碱地宝、选择耐盐树种及其他辅助措施,才能取得事半功倍的效果,使盐土园绿化得以持续发展。 相似文献