酚醛树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

采用阳离子交换的方法对蒙脱土进行了有机化处理，使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性，并且使其层间距由原来的1．48nm扩大到2．33nm。采用X射线衍射仪研究了有机蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中的剥离行为，制备了酚醛树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其层间剪切性能和烧蚀性能。实验结果表明，酚醛树脂与有机蒙脱土的相容性好，蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中完全剥离；酚醛树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的层间剪切性能和烧蚀性能与纯酚醛树脂固化物相比有不同程度的提高和改善。     

蒙脱土改性炭布／酚醛树脂纳米复合材料研究

利用有机蒙脱土改性酚醛树脂,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和x-射线衍射(XRD)研究蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中的剥离行为,制备蒙脱土改性炭布/酚醛树脂纳米复合材料并测试其热解性能、力学性能和烧蚀性能.实验结果表明,酚醛树脂与蒙脱土的相容性好,蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中完全剥离,蒙脱土改性发布/酚醛树脂纳米复合材料的各项性能与纯炭布/酚醛树脂复合材料相比有不同程度的提高和改善.     

淀粉对蒙脱土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用蒙脱土水悬浮液/橡胶乳液共混-共凝复合技术制备蒙脱土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料时,在蒙脱土水悬浮液和丁腈胶乳的混合体系中加入淀粉,考察了淀粉用量对蒙脱土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,淀粉的加入有利于蒙脱土片层形成剥离型结构。当蒙脱土用量为5份、淀粉用量为10份时,蒙脱土几乎呈完全剥离状态;随着淀粉用量的增加,该复合材料的邵尔A硬度、100%定伸应力、拉伸强度、扯断伸长率和撕裂强度均有所提高。     

尼龙6-聚乙烯合金/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与物理机械性能

用熔融插层法制备了尼龙6-聚乙烯合金/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.X射线衍射表明,在有机蒙脱土质量分数为4%,6%时,蒙脱土被剥离成片层分散在基体中;进一步提高蒙脱土质量分数至10%,蒙脱土部分剥离,部分插层.物理机械性能测试结果表明,将有机蒙脱土加入尼龙6-聚乙烯合金中能显著提高复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度.其中冲击强度最大可以提高100%以上.     

有机阳离子插层蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂的制备与性能研究

使用有机阳离子溴化铵盐对蒙脱土进行有机化处理,用插层法制备了酚醛树脂/蒙脱土杂化树脂,对不同蒙脱土含量的复合材料在静曲强度、内结合强度和甲醛释放量方面与纯酚醛树脂进行比较。结果表明,经有机阳离子溴化铵盐处理的蒙脱土与酚醛树脂具有良好的相容性;纳米蒙脱土通过插层处理变为有机纳米蒙脱土后,能显著改善脲醛树脂的综合性能,用其生产的胶合板、中密度纤维板的内结合强度提高40%以上,静曲强度提高15%以上。     

聚苯胺/蒙脱土纳米材料的制备及改性环氧应用

将苯胺直接插层到有机蒙脱土(MMT)片层间,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,原位聚合制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。傅里叶变换红外分析、X射线衍射分析和透射电镜观察表明,当MMT的用量为苯胺质量的10%以下时,可制得纳米级复合材料。考察PANI/MMT纳米复合粉末对环氧树脂力学性能、热性能的影响表明:蒙脱土以1nm厚的剥离片层形式分散在环氧树脂中时,材料的力学性能和热性能都有明显改善,这与所制备的有机无机纳米结构有直接的关系。     

HOMMT/MVQ纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用超支化技术对有机蒙脱土(OMMT)进行改性制备超支化有机蒙脱土(HOMMT),并制备HOMMT/甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ)纳米复合材料,对其性能进行研究。结果表明,HOMMT呈剥离纳米片层结构,与OMMT相比,HOMMT耐热性能提高;随着HOMMT用量的增大,HOMMT/MVQ复合材料拉伸强度减小;与MVQ硫化胶相比,当HOMMT用量为1份时,HOMMT/MVQ纳米复合材料拉伸强度提高了28%,拉断伸长率提高了67%,起始降解温度升高了25℃。     

有机改性蒙脱土制备聚酰胺6/蒙脱土复合材料

采用有机复合改性的方法制备了改性蒙脱土,并采用原位聚合方法制备了尼龙-6/蒙脱土复合材料,利用FTIR、TG-DTA、XRD对有机蒙脱土进行了表征。结果表明,有机插层剂已进入蒙脱土的层间,使蒙脱土的层间距由原来的1.39 nm增大到2.32 nm,从而改善了它的分散性以及与尼龙-6之间的粘结作用,二者构成的纳米复合材料具有很好的力学性能。当加入2%的有机蒙脱土时,拉伸强度提高16%,冲击强度提高5%。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

利用固相剪切法使蒙脱土片层完全剥离,制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/MMT)纳米复合材料,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、力学性能的实验得出：用水做为膨胀剂可使蒙脱土的层间距胀大,有利于PP分子的插层和蒙脱土的剥离;固相剪切法和熔融过程使蒙脱土完全地层状剥离,均匀纳米级分散在聚丙烯基体中,沿流动方向取向; PP与用水处理过的有机改性蒙脱土复合材料的冲击强度由5.68 kJ/m2提高到了8.2 kJ/m2,大量提升了材料的冲击性。     

用溶液插层法制备顺丁橡胶／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料

用溶液插层法制备了顺丁橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并用透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了该复合材料的结构,研究了其物理机械性能和热稳定性能.结果显示,顺丁橡胶/有机蒙脱土复合材料是一种插层型和剥离型共存的纳米复合材料,与顺丁橡胶相比,该纳米复合材料具有较好的物理机械性能和热稳定性能,且这些性能随有机蒙脱土用量的增加而增强.     

玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能研究

对玄武岩纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料进行了实验研究。制备了连续玄武岩纤维平纹织物增强酚醛树脂复合材料。研究了胶含量对玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料拉伸、压缩和层间剪切强度等力学性能、耐烧蚀性能的影响。利用SEM对复合材料压缩、层间剪切破坏断口和烧蚀试样的微观形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料具有较好的界面性能,树脂含量在36%时CBF/酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能最佳,线烧蚀性率和质量烧蚀率最低。     

天然橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的硫化特性

采用机械混炼法制备了天然橡胶/有机蒙脱土(NR/OMMT)纳米复合材料,对其硫化特性进行了研究。红外光谱(FTIR)表明,有机改性剂(OM)已经插层进入蒙脱土(MMT)片层,热重分析(TGA)测得OM-MT中OM质量分数为0.364;差示扫描量热(DSC)和硫化特性表明,MMT对NR的焦烧时间(Ts)和正硫化时间(T90)没有影响,但降低了NR的交联密度;NR的Ts随OMMT含量的增加逐渐降低,而T90变化不大,NR的交联密度随OMMT含量的增加先增大后减小;温度升高,复合材料的硫化效率提高,交联密度降低。     

蒙脱土改性酚醛树脂复合材料的制备与性能研究

为提高酚醛树脂(PF)的热稳定性,利用原位插层法制备了PF/蒙脱土(MMT)、PF/有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料,并比较了PF、PF/OMMT或PF/MMT经高温热处理后的力学性能和导电性能.研究表明,与PF复合后,OMMT和MMT都形成了剥离型的片层结构.与PF/OMMT复合材料相比,PF/MMT的质量保持率...     

Effect of organic modifiers and silicate type on filler dispersion,thermal, and mechanical properties of ABS‐clay nanocomposites

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)–clay composite and intercalated nanocomposites were prepared by melt processing, using Na‐montmorillonite (MMT), several chemically different organically modified MMT (OMMT) and Na‐laponite clays. The polymer–clay hybrids were characterized by WAXD, TEM, DSC, TGA, tensile, and impact tests. Intercalated nanocomposites are formed with organoclays, a composite is obtained with unmodified MMT, and the nanocomposite based on synthetic laponite is almost exfoliated. An unintercalated nanocomposite is formed by one of the organically modified clays, with similar overall stack dispersion as compared to the intercalated nanocomposites. T_g of ABS is unaffected by incorporation of the silicate filler in its matrix upto 4 wt % loading for different aspect ratios and organic modifications. A significant improvement in the onset of thermal decomposition (40–44°C at 4 wt % organoclay) is seen. The Young's modulus shows improvement, the elongation‐at‐break shows reduction, and the tensile strength shows improvement. Notched and unnotched impact strength of the intercalated MMT nanocomposites is lower as compared to that of ABS matrix. However, laponite and overexchanged organomontmorillonite clay lead to improvement in ductility. For the MMT clays, the Young's modulus (E) correlates with the intercalation change in organoclay interlayer separation (Δd₀₀₁) as influenced by the chemistry of the modifier. Although ABS‐laponite composites are exfoliated, the intercalated OMMT‐based nanocomposites show greater improvement in modulus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

PLA/OMMT纳米插层复合材料的合成、表征及降解性研究

以乳酸单体和有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为原料,通过原位插层聚合法合成了聚乳酸(PLA)/OMMT纳米插层复合材料, 分别采用傅立叶变换红外光谱( FT-IR)、X 射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等对PLA/OMMT复合材料的结构、形貌进行了表征和分析,同时研究了材料的降解性能。FT-IR表明,OMMT在聚合过程中被剥离成很小的粒子并分散在PLA基体中形成PLA/OMMT复合材料。由XRD分析可知MMT的层间距为1.260 nm,OMMT层间距为1.993 nm,PLA/OMMT复合材料中OMMT层间距为2.287 nm,层间距明显增大,表明PLA分子链插入到OMMT片层间,实现了原位插层聚合。透射电镜（TEM）分析表明,制备的PLA/OMMT复合材料形成了插层型结构,与红外光谱与XRD表征结果吻合。降解试验表明,介质对材料降解作用的次序为：NaOH＞HCl＞去离子水。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,随着降解时间的延长,材料的特性黏度在降解过程中不断下降。PLA/OMMT复合材料的降解速度要快于PLA,表明由于OMMT纳米粒子的存在,会加速材料的降解。     

聚酰胺6/环氧树脂改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用环氧树脂改性蒙脱土（MMT）得到有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）,再用熔融插层法制备了聚酰胺6 （PA6）/ OMMT纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、万能材料试验机、热重分析仪等研究了PA6/OMMT复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和热稳定性。结果表明,经环氧树脂改性得到的OMMT的层间距明显增加,从未改性的1.22 nm增加到5.13 nm,并以纳米尺度分散于PA6基体中;随着OMMT含量的增加,PA6/ OMMT复合材料的强度和模量增加,热变形温度提高,其拉伸强度可达76 MPa,弯曲模量达到3.462 GPa,热变形温度为134 ℃;PA6/ OMMT复合材料失重10 %时的温度为422 ℃,比纯PA6的406 ℃提高了16 ℃,改善了PA6的热稳定性。     

Preparation of nanocomposite by adding of Tunisian nanoclay in unsaturated polyester matrix: mechanical and thermal study

Unsaturated Polyester (UP) resin is widely used for many applications such as reinforced plastic (FRP) and polymer composites. However, these materials suffer from their low mechanical and thermal properties. For enhancing their performance, researchers have used Tunisian montmorillonite (MMT) for manufacturing of unsaturated polyester-montmorillonite (UP-MMT) nanocomposite synthesized by dispersing the UP resin into the silicate layers of MMT. The MMT has been modified ammonium quaternary as organic cation (OMMT). Test results, supported by mechanical testing, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and transmission electron microscopy, indicated that the mechanical properties and the thermal stability of unsaturated polyester with OMMT nanocomposite (UP/OMMT) are better than those of pure UP. The degradation temperature increased by 78 °C with the addition of organic modification, and SEM micrographs show good dispersion of modified montmorillonite in the polymer matrix. Tensile strength is increased by 81 % for the UP/OMMT nanocomposite.     

废旧PE-HD/OMMT纳米复合材料热氧老化性能和燃烧性能研究

以废旧高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）和蒙脱土（MMT）为原料,采用熔融插层法制备纳米复合材料,考查制备工艺对该材料热氧老化性能和燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,PE-HD复合MMT或有机蒙脱土（OMMT）后,抗热氧老化性能显著降低,阻燃性能增强;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、OMMT、马来酸酐（MAH）和过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）加入量分别增加时,PE-HD/OMMT纳米复合材料的抗热氧老化性能无显著变化,阻燃性能呈现先增强后降低或稳定的趋势;当CTAB加入量为1 %、OMMT加入量为3 %、MAH和DCP加入量为1.5 %时,PE-HD/OMMT纳米复合材料的极限氧指数达到19.4 %,阻燃性能最好。     

Influence of Processing Conditions on the Properties of Polystyrene (PS)/organomontmorillonite (OMMT) Nanocomposites Prepared via Solvent Blending Method

A series of polystyrene (PS)/organomontmorillonite (OMMT) clay nanocomposites was prepared by effectively dispersing the inorganic nanolayers of OMMT clay in the organic PS matrix via the solvent blending method using xylene as a solvent. The resulting samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The XRD and TEM results show that the intercalation/exfoliation of OMMT can be divided into solvent swelling and layer breaking processes and is affected by several reaction parameters such as nanofiller loading, refluxing temperature, and refluxing time. TGA data show that the PS/OMMT nanocomposites have significant enhanced thermal stability. When 50% weight loss is selected as a point of comparison, the thermal decomposition temperature of PS/OMMT nanocomposite with 7 wt% of OMMT is 15°C higher than that of pure PS. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of PS/OMMT nanocomposites is about 5.0–6.2°C higher than that of pure PS. The water uptake capacity of PS/OMMT nanocomposites is negligible when compared with pure PS.     

New fabricate of styrene-butadiene rubber/montmorillonite nanocomposites by anionic polymerization

Styrene-butadiene rubber/montmorillonite (SBR/MMT) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by in situ living anionic polymerization with n-BuLi as initiator. The results from kinetics study and ¹H NMR indicated that the addition of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) did not changed the living copolymerization and the components of the copolymer on the whole when OMMT content was lower than 3 wt %. However, gel permeation chromatography showed that the introduction of OMMT resulted in small amount of high-molecular weight fraction of SBR in the composites, leading to an increase in the weight-average molecular weight and polydispersity index, but the unchangeableness of the number-average molecular weight. The result from transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that a completely exfoliated structure existed in the nanocomposite with 25 wt % styrene and OMMT content from 1 to 4 wt %, and styrene played an important role in the expanding of OMMT layers. Moreover, the nanocomposites possessed higher glass-transition temperature, thermal stability, tensile strength and elongation at break than SBR when the OMMT content ranged from 2.5 to 4 wt %. A schema was proposed to illustrate the formation of the nanocomposite and the exfoliation structure with physical cross-linking between SBR chains and OMMT.