表面辐射对部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内热湿耦合传递的影响

根据多孔介质热质传递原理, 基于有限元的方法数值分析了具有表面热辐射的部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程, 探讨了表面发射率、Rayleigh数和Darcy数等参数对封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程的影响, 研究结果表明, 壁面热辐射的作用可以提高多孔介质内部的温度, 而且随着表面发射率的增大, 多孔介质内部的水分逐步向其右上角迁移和聚集。另外, Darcy数、多孔介质与空气的热导率比对方腔内部多孔介质的热量传递和水分迁移影响较小。     

格子Boltzmann方法模拟高Darcy数多孔介质内融化传热过程

采用Brinkmann-Forchheimer-Darcy方程描述多孔介质内流动过程,并通过选择合适的平衡态分布函数及非线性源项形式构建出表征融化相变温度场的分布函数演化方程。应用格子Boltzmann模型模拟了方腔内无多孔介质以及填充多孔介质自然对流融化传热过程,模拟结果与其他文献结果吻合较好,模型的正确性得到了一定的验证。模拟结果还表明液相的自然对流对融化传热过程有着重要的影响,并且在高Rayleigh 数或高Darcy 数情况下作用更强。在高Darcy 数情况下由于非Darcy效应的存在,增大Rayleigh 数以强化融化传热的效应要大于提高同样倍数Darcy 数的效应。     

均匀多孔介质下乙醇溶液的过冷度

为了研究多孔介质对乙醇溶液过冷度的影响,实验搭建了不同孔隙率和不同热导率的多孔介质的实验系统,通过改变乙醇溶液浓度探究了浓度对过冷度的影响,通过改变孔隙率和热导率探究强化换热方法。数据的处理采用统计学的方法,每种工况下实验32次。结果表明：多孔介质的孔隙率和热导率对乙醇溶液过冷度有影响;随着孔隙率的减小和热导率的增加,平均过冷度值减小,过冷度稳定性增强;高浓度对减小过冷度作用明显,浓度越高,过冷度平均值和最大值越小,而浓度的变化对稳定性影响较小。     

均匀多孔介质下乙醇溶液的过冷度

为了研究多孔介质对乙醇溶液过冷度的影响,实验搭建了不同孔隙率和不同热导率的多孔介质的实验系统,通过改变乙醇溶液浓度探究了浓度对过冷度的影响,通过改变孔隙率和热导率探究强化换热方法。数据的处理采用统计学的方法,每种工况下实验32次。结果表明:多孔介质的孔隙率和热导率对乙醇溶液过冷度有影响;随着孔隙率的减小和热导率的增加,平均过冷度值减小,过冷度稳定性增强;高浓度对减小过冷度作用明显,浓度越高,过冷度平均值和最大值越小,而浓度的变化对稳定性影响较小。     

不同工作因数下方波冲击射流的换热特性

应用数值模拟方法研究了不同工作因数下方波冲击射流的换热及流动特性,并分析了冲击靶面换热特性的变化规律。研究了冲击靶面换热特性随Reynolds数、脉冲频率、喷嘴距冲击靶面距离与喷嘴直径之比等参数的变化规律,重点分析了不同工作因数对冲击射流滞止区域换热与流动特性的影响,并将数值计算结果与连续冲击射流、脉动冲击射流实验结果进行对比验证。计算结果表明:当工作因数为0.5与0.7时,冲击靶面滞止区域Nusselt数非常接近;当工作因数为0.5时,壁面射流区域Nusselt数比工作因数为0.7时提高了10%;工作因数为0.9时,冲击靶面Nusselt数比连续冲击射流提高3%;工作因数为0.7时,相对于工作因数为0.5、0.9及连续冲击射流时,冲击靶面滞止区域存在强烈的涡结构变化。     

多孔介质内流体流动的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟多孔介质内的流动过程,通过预测渗透率,比较了单松弛模型、多松弛模型和熵格子模型在多孔介质计算中的优劣,为研究多松弛模型中各自由参数的影响,选择了12种组合进行模拟,此外,还将大涡模拟与格子Boltzmann方法相结合模拟了多孔介质内高Reynolds数下的流动及流型的转变。结果表明：单松弛模型和熵格子模型预测的渗透率随黏度逐渐增大,而多松弛模型得到的结果随黏度变化很小,另外,多松弛模型中不同松弛参数的组合对结果有较大的影响,通过比较推荐了模拟多孔介质时的最佳组合,计算结果与经验公式吻合较好。大涡模拟与多松弛模型结合较好地预测了多孔介质内流型的转变,Reynolds数越大,多孔介质内的涡越多,并且变大。     

非对称陶瓷膜管渗透性能的CFD模拟研究

陶瓷膜因其化学稳定性好、机械强度大等优点得到广泛应用。计算流体力学(CFD)的快速发展使得计算模拟成为研究和优化陶瓷膜管结构性能的有效手段。为了优化非对称结构陶瓷膜管的结构和操作参数,对其渗透性能进行了CFD计算模拟。针对非对称结构陶瓷膜管的膜层和过渡层的厚度在10 μm级的特点,采用Navier-Stokes方程和Darcy定律来分别描述膜管内和膜多孔介质内的纯水流动,利用多孔介质模型描述膜管的主体支撑层,用多孔跳跃边界简化膜管的膜层和过渡层,利用Konzey-Carmen方程对膜元件各层的渗透率进行估算。计算结果与实验值吻合较好,为优化陶瓷膜管的通道结构提供了便捷的工具。     

考虑局部非热平衡的流体层流横掠多孔介质中恒热流平板的传热分析

对流体层流横掠多孔介质中恒热流加热的平板,应用Brinkman-Forchheime-extended Darcy流动模型和流体与多孔介质之间局部非热平衡理论建立守恒方程组,应用数量级分析和积分法,得出了速度边界层厚度、热边界层厚度、壁面黏性摩擦系数和对流传热系数、流体与多孔介质之间局部温差的计算公式。结果表明,速度边界层与光板时明显不同,其在平板前端迅速增长,之后越来越平坦,趋于一个恒定值;而热边界层则沿着流动方向不断增长,类似于光板时的情况;局部的表面对流传热系数在平板前端达最大值,之后逐渐减小,也类似于光板时的情况;多孔介质与流体间的局部温差在平板前端达最大值,之后呈现沿着流动方向逐渐减小的变化趋势。     

基于CFD的恒通量陶瓷膜厚度设计

膜厚度对膜渗透性能有着显著影响。本文结合Navier-Stokes公式和Darcy定律对恒通量膜的膜厚度沿程分布进行了模拟计算。膜通道内的主体流动采用Navier-Stokes公式来描述,多孔介质内的流动采用Darcy定律来描述,多孔介质比阻采用Konzey-Carmen方程来计算。结果表明,膜厚度的沿程分布趋近于线性分布,并随操作压力、错流速率、操作温度的变化而变化。错流速率对膜厚度分布的影响尤为显著,而压力和温度的影响较小。在不同的错流速率下,要实现恒通量操作,必须有合适的膜厚沿程分布的膜。本计算结果为恒通量膜的制备、应用提供了依据。     

多尺度特征对纳米多孔材料辐射特性的影响

基于辐射等效介质理论,建立了纳米多孔材料的光学和辐射特性参数理论模型,计算了纳米多孔材料的有效热辐射特性参数。基于非灰体各向异性的Rosseland近似,建立了纳米多孔材料辐射换热模型,计算了纳米多孔材料的辐射热导率,分析了含不同遮光剂纳米多孔材料的辐射热导率与颗粒体积份额、颗粒平均直径的关系,揭示了纳米多孔材料内部辐射换热与多尺度结构特征和材料属性间的本构关系,为纳米多孔材料结构参数优化设计提供了依据。     

IMPACT OF THERMAL DISPERSION DURING FORCED CONVECTION CONDENSATION IN A THIN POROUS*/FLUID COMPOSITE SYSTEM

The effect of thermal dispersion during laminar forced convection filmwise condensation within a thin porous/fluid composite system is examined numerically. The model simulates two-dimensional condensation within a very permeable and highly conductive thin porous-layer coated surface. The local volume-averaging technique is utilized to establish the energy equation and to account for the thermal dispersion effect. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model is employed to describe the flow field in the porous layer while classical boundary layer equations are used in the pure condensate region. The numerical results, which detail the dependence of the heat transfer rate and temperature field on the governing parameters (e.g., Reynolds number, Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Prandtl number, thermal dispersion coefficient, as well as porous coating thickness and thermal conductivity ratio), are calculated using a finite difference scheme. It is found that due to the better mixing of the thermal dispersion effect, the heat transfer rate is greatly increased and the effect becomes more pronounced as the Reynolds number increases. The results of this study provide valuable fundamental predictions of enhanced film condensation that can be used in a number of practical thermal engineering applications.     

多孔泡沫金属中等温竖壁面空气自然对流传热的积分解

应用边界层理论和局部热平衡传热模型,建立控制方程组,理论分析了多孔泡沫金属中等温竖壁面空气自然对流的传热特性。采用数量级分析法简化控制方程组,再进行积分求解。结果表明：多孔泡沫金属对自然对流具有强烈的扰动作用,使边界层发展很快,其厚度远大于光壁面时的边界层厚度,在等温竖壁面条件下本文所选的参数范围内(孔隙率0.9～0.95,孔密度5～40PPI),孔隙率越大、PPI越大,边界层也越厚;空气流速很快达到最大值,且此后的速度峰值几乎维持不变;自然对流传热的强化效果非常明显,相比光壁面,加入孔隙率0.9、孔密度5 PPI的多孔泡沫铝后其强化倍数达9以上,但孔隙率、孔密度增大时,流体边界层厚度增长过快,会使得传热恶化。     

MOMENTUM INTEGRAL METHOD FOR FORCED CONVECTION IN THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM POWER-LAW FLUID-SATURATED POROUS MEDIA

Forced convection heat transfer for power-law fluid flow in porous media was studied analytically. The analytical solutions were obtained based on the Brinkman-extended Darcy model for fluid flow and the two-equation model for forced convection heat transfer. As a closed-form exact velocity profile is unobtainable for the general power-law index, an approximate velocity profile based on the parabolic model is proposed by subscribing to the momentum boundary layer integral method. Heat transfer analysis is based on the two-equation model by considering local thermal nonequilibrium between fluid and solid phases and constant heat flux boundary conditions. The velocity and temperature distributions obtained based on the parabolic model were verified to be reasonably accurate and improvement is justified compared to the linear model. The expression for the overall Nusselt number was derived based on the proposed parabolic model. The effects of the governing parameters of engineering importance such as Darcy number, power-law index, nondimensional interfacial heat transfer coefficient, and effective thermal conductivity ratio on the convective heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media are analyzed and discussed.     

Combined effects of internal heat generation and higher order chemical reaction on the non‐darcian forced convective flow of a viscous incompressible fluid with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity over a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium

In this paper, we study the combined effects of internal heat generation and higher order chemical reaction on a steady two‐dimensional non‐Darcian forced convective flow of a viscous incompressible fluid with variable dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity in a fluid saturated porous medium passing over a linear stretching sheet. Using similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear‐coupled partial differential equations are made dimensionless and solved numerically for similarity solutions using very robust computer algebra software Maple 8. The non‐dimensional velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are presented graphically for various pertinent parameters such as relative temperature difference parameter, Darcy number, porosity parameter, reaction rate parameter and the order of the chemical reaction. The variations of Prandtl number and Schmidt number within the boundary layer are also displayed graphically when the fluid dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity are temperature dependent. From the present numerical computations it is found that Prandtl number as well as Schmidt number must be taken as variables within the flow domain when the fluid's dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity are variable. In the presence of internal heat generation, dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid are found to be higher than when it is absent. Increasing Darcy number reduces dynamic viscosity as well as thermal conductivity whereas increasing pore size reduces the Schmidt number and increases the Prandtl number within the boundary layer. For higher order reaction the rate of increase in mass transfer function is less compared to the rate of increase for the lower order reaction. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF FORCED CONVECTION IN A PACKED CHANNEL WITH ASYMMETRIC HEATING

Numerical solution based on the control volume method is presented for the study of heat transfer for forced convective flow in a channel filled with a fluid saturated porous media. The solution of the conservative differential equations governing the flow is performed using the SZMPLE algorithm. The wall effects on the variation of porosity and thermal dispersion have been considered. In calculating the thermal dispersive conductivity, a general expression has been obtained taking into account the flow geometry and flow Reynolds number. The expression appears to serve well in the present investigation and also in reproducing the results of previous studies. The analysis includes predictions of temperature profiles and heat flux for the constant wall temperature condition at the wall and have been compared with available experimental data.     

Cu and Cu-SWCNT Nanoparticles’ Suspension in Pulsatile Casson Fluid Flow via Darcy–Forchheimer Porous Channel with Compliant Walls: A Prospective Model for Blood Flow in Stenosed Arteries

The use of experimental relations to approximate the efficient thermophysical properties of a nanofluid (NF) with Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and hybrid nanofluid (HNF) with Cu-SWCNT NPs and subsequently model the two-dimensional pulsatile Casson fluid flow under the impact of the magnetic field and thermal radiation is a novelty of the current study. Heat and mass transfer analysis of the pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian Casson HNF via a Darcy–Forchheimer porous channel with compliant walls is presented. Such a problem offers a prospective model to study the blood flow via stenosed arteries. A finite-difference flow solver is used to numerically solve the system obtained using the vorticity stream function formulation on the time-dependent governing equations. The behavior of Cu-based NF and Cu-SWCNT-based HNF on the wall shear stress (WSS), velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are analyzed graphically. The influence of the Casson parameter, radiation parameter, Hartmann number, Darcy number, Soret number, Reynolds number, Strouhal number, and Peclet number on the flow profiles are analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of the flow parameters on the non-dimensional numbers such as the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number is also discussed. These quantities escalate as the Reynolds number is enhanced and reduce by escalating the porosity parameter. The Peclet number shows a high impact on the microorganism’s density in a blood NF. The HNF has been shown to have superior thermal properties to the traditional one. These results could help in devising hydraulic treatments for blood flow in highly stenosed arteries, biomechanical system design, and industrial plants in which flow pulsation is essential.     

泡沫金属内流体流动沸腾热质传递过程的模拟

为了了解泡沫金属内流体流动沸腾热质传递机理,建立了泡沫金属内流体流动沸腾的理论模型。建模中采用Mixture多相流模型,通过引入泡沫金属的渗透率、有效热导率等参数,以体现泡沫金属区别于传统多孔介质的特点;通过在动量方程中增加达西项与惯性力项以体现泡沫金属对两相流动中动量传递的影响;通过增加固体能量方程,并与流体能量方程耦合,以体现泡沫金属内传热过程的热不平衡性。将本文建立的理论模型与已有文献中的数据进行对比,结果表明模型预测值和已有的实验数据吻合较好。     

Effect of Thermal Asymmetry on Laminar Forced Convection Heat Transfer in a Porous Annular Channel

The effect of thermal asymmetry on laminar forced convection heat transfer in an annular porous channel with a Darcy dissipation of fluid kinetic energy was investigated numerically. The cylindrical surfaces making the channel boundaries were kept at constant but different temperatures. The thermal asymmetry thus imposed on the system results in an asymmetric temperature field and different heat fluxes across the channel boundaries. Depending on the Darcy, Péclet and Reynolds numbers, the thermal asymmetry may lead to a reversal of the heat flux along the channel at least at one of the channel walls. The corresponding Nusselt number becomes zero and subsequently experiences a discontinuity, thereby jumping from infinite negative to infinite positive, or vice versa. This feature is observed in the region of thermal development. In the fully developed heat transfer region, the Nusselt numbers can be positive or negative for the same inlet conditions, depending on the heat source strength. In the case of a plug flow, the analytical expressions for the Nusselt numbers have been obtained.     

A new Navier-Stokes and Darcy's law combined model for fluid flow in crossflow filtration tubular membranes

Numerical simulations were performed for laminar fluid flow in a porous tube with variable wall suction, a model of a crossflow filtration tubular membrane. The variable wall suction is described by Darcy's law, which relates the pressure gradient within a flow stream to the flow rates through the permeable wall. The feed stream in the tube, which flows mainly tangentially to the porous wall, is modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations. A method of coupling the Navier-Stokes and the Darcy equations in a solution scheme was considered to develop a fluid dynamic model of crossflow filtration. The governing equations were solved numerically using a finite difference scheme. The solution depends on both the Reynolds axial and filtration number. Some assumptions adopted in simplified models are discussed.