超声辅助提取葫芦巴中多糖的工艺研究

采用超声辅助水提醇沉法提取葫芦巴中多糖,考察提取时间、乙醇体积、乙醇浓度、料液比对多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数为:料液比1∶40 g/m L,乙醇浓度90%,乙醇体积倍数40,超声提取时间1.5 h。在最佳提取条件下,葫芦巴多糖提取率1.34 mg/g,多糖纯度达67%。     

超声辅助提取葫芦巴中多糖的工艺研究

采用超声辅助水提醇沉法提取葫芦巴中多糖,考察提取时间、乙醇体积、乙醇浓度、料液比对多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数为:料液比1∶40 g/m L,乙醇浓度90%,乙醇体积倍数40,超声提取时间1.5 h。在最佳提取条件下,葫芦巴多糖提取率1.34 mg/g,多糖纯度达67%。     

响应面优化水提法提取玉米须多糖的工艺研究

以玉米须为原料,采用水提醇沉法对玉米须多糖进行提取,通过Sevage法除去其中所含的蛋白质,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,以多糖提取率为评价指标,考察液料比、提取温度、水提次数、提取时间对玉米须多糖的影响,并用响应面法优化玉米须多糖的提取工艺。确定水提法提取玉米须多糖的最佳提取条件是液料比15.9∶1,提取温度84.5℃,水提次数2次,提取时间62 min,在此条件下所得的多糖提取率为4.28%。     

红枣多糖提取工艺优化及颗粒剂的研制

对红枣中多糖提取工艺优化及辅料筛选,研制出红枣多糖颗粒剂。红枣多糖提取采用水提醇沉法,以温度,料液比和提取时间三个因素设置正交试验,选出最佳提取条件是水浴温度80℃;料液比1:10;提取时间2 h,提取率为3.37%。红枣多糖颗粒剂的辅料筛选以成型率和吸湿率为评价指标选出颗粒剂制备配比为原料药：淀粉：乳糖=1:2:1,并以湿法制粒制得红枣多糖颗粒。     

微波辅助提取瓦松多糖的工艺研究

以提取率为评价指标,采用微波辅助法提取瓦松多糖。对微波时间、微波功率、料液比、瓦松目数、醇沉浓度分别进行单因素及正交实验。最佳工艺条件为微波时间8 min、微波功率300 W、料液比1∶40、瓦松目数60目、醇沉浓度80%,在此工艺条件下瓦松多糖提取率为4.96%。     

超声波辅助提取牛膝多糖的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助提取法对牛膝中水溶性多糖的提取工艺进行了研究。考察了料液比、超声时间、提取温度、醇沉浓度等四个因素对牛膝多糖提取效果的影响。通过正交试验得出超声提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶50、超声时间50 min、提取温度50℃、醇沉浓度90%,此时多糖得率达到11.7%,结果可为牛膝多糖的深入研究提供一定的依据。     

红旱莲总黄酮的超声波提取工艺研究

通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间、超声温度对红旱莲总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明:影响红旱莲总黄酮提取率因素的主次关系是料液比>乙醇浓度>超声温度>超声时间,最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度90%、料液比1∶20、超声时间35min、超声温度70℃。通过与传统醇提法相比,超声波法提取时间缩短了3/4,而总黄酮提取量提高了30%。     

正交优化小麦硒多糖的提取

本实验以河北小麦为研究对象,采用水提醇沉法,并以超声波辅助提取小麦硒多糖。在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验以优化试验方案。利用统计软件SPSS对正交试验结果进行方差分析可知,提取小麦硒多糖的最佳工艺条件为:浸提温度60℃、超声提取时间40min、料液比1∶60。根据最佳的工艺条件,测得每克小麦中多糖含量为0.00331g,且硒多糖的提取率为8.622%。通过原子荧光法测出每克小麦硒多糖硒含量为0.08210μg。     

玛咖多糖提取工艺研究

以玛咖块根为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取玛咖多糖,通过单因素实验探究提取温度、提取时间、料液比对玛咖的多糖得率的影响。在此基础上通过正交试验和方差分析确定最佳提取工艺条件和主要影响因素。结果表明:提取温度和提取时间对玛咖多糖的得率均有显著影响,最佳提取工艺条件为温度60℃、时间1.5h、料液比1:25g/m L。在此工艺条件下,黄玛咖的多糖得率为8.72%,黑玛咖的多糖得率为8.26%,紫玛咖的多糖得率为9.02%。     

地胆草总黄酮提取工艺的研究

地胆草中的黄酮类成分具有丰富的药理作用,为了最大限度的提取出地胆草中的黄酮类成分,特采用醇提法对地胆草总黄酮的提取工艺进行研究,借用单因素试验考察乙醇浓度、料液比、醇提时间、醇提温度对地胆草总黄酮提取率的影响,然后选取乙醇浓度、料液比、醇提时间和醇提温度4个因素进行正交试验。结果表明,提取时间对地胆草总黄酮的提取具有明显影响,醇提法提取地胆草总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:80%乙醇、料液比为1∶40、醇提时间为2.5h、提取温度为80℃,提取率为1.75%,该研究为地胆草资源的合理开发及应用提供了理论依据。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003