共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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在液相氧化法铬盐清洁生产工艺中,中间产品铬酸钠的结晶相分离为重要的组成部分,采用真空蒸发结晶的方法可从Na2CrO4-NaOH-H2O体系中分离得到铬酸钠晶体。文中研究了Na2CrO4在NaOH溶液中晶体成核与生长动力学规律。采用间歇动态法中的矩量变换法建立了结晶过程的动力学模型,用最小二乘法对动力学实验数据进行多元线性回归,得到了动力学参数,并验证了动力学模型的可靠性。结果表明:在粒度大于50μm的范围内,铬酸钠晶体的生长符合粒度无关生长模型;晶浆的悬浮密度、搅拌强度和过饱和度对成核速率均有显著影响;溶液过饱和度对成核速率的影响大于对生长速率的影响。结晶动力学的研究为液相氧化法铬盐清洁生产工艺中铬酸钠和氢氧化钠的分离工艺优化提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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针对海因法合成蛋氨酸工艺,利用间歇动态法、以蛋氨酸钾为原料研究了CO2酸化条件下蛋氨酸的反应结晶过程,建立结晶动力学模型。通过矩量变化法求解粒数衡算方程,利用最小二乘法对数据多元线性回归得到结晶动力学参数。结果表明:晶体生长类型为粒度无关生长,晶体生长活化能为21.01 kJ·mol-1,成核与生长速率方程中过饱和度的指数分别为0.62和1.52,晶体聚结对结晶过程的影响不可忽略。气体表观速率、搅拌速率对晶体成核与聚结均有明显影响。高过饱和度与高搅拌转速不利于晶体平均粒径的增加。 相似文献
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《化学工程》2015,(7):69-74
阿莫西林现有结晶工艺获得的晶体粒度过小,直接影响到后续的过滤、干燥以及包装运输,研究其结晶动力学参数以指导结晶工艺,控制结晶过程中晶体的成核速度与生长速度,对提高晶体粒度有着重要意义。文章分别采用激光法和显微摄像的方法对阿莫西林结晶过程中初级成核、二次成核和单晶体生长速度进行了测定,计算出动力学相关数据。通过实验确定阿莫西林初级成核中均相成核与非均相成核的分界过饱和度S=4.5以及各自对应的成核自由能与成核半径,确定了二次成核发生时间与过饱和度间的关系以及阿莫西林晶体的生长速率与过饱和度的关系,并由生长指数m=1.995 5推出阿莫西林的生长机制为螺旋错位生长。通过阿莫西林结晶动力学研究为改进和优化结晶过程提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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在混合悬浮结晶器中研究了氯化铵结晶热力学和动力学特性。以硝酸锰为添加剂,配制了质量分数为0.23%的硝酸锰水溶液,测定了氯化铵在该溶液中的溶解度及超溶解度。研究了硝酸锰对氯化铵晶体粒度分布的影响,得到了晶体变异系数。考察了过饱和度对氯化铵结晶线性生长速率和成核速率的影响,得到了成核-生长动力学方程。结果表明:介稳区宽度随温度升高而减小;添加晶种,介稳区宽度变窄。随硝酸锰溶液浓度增大,晶体变异系数逐渐降低并趋于平缓。当硝酸锰的质量分数逐渐增大到0.307%时,晶体变异系数几乎不再降低。线性生长速率和成核速率随溶液过饱和度的增大而增加,得到的动力学方程与实验数据吻合较好,有一定的工业参考价值。 相似文献
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针对β型L-谷氨酸冷却结晶过程,为获取期望粒度分布,采用特征曲线法(MOCH)来建立关于粒度相关生长率的种群平衡方程(PBE),然后通过对种群平衡模型(PBM)参数辨识后确定最优过饱和度及控温曲线。由于辨识模型参数的目标函数具有非线性和非凸型性,因而采用少量经济性的批量冷却结晶实验,结合图像分析晶种和产品粒度分布得到的统计数据,拟合模型参数。根据实际要求的结晶过程时间,为达到目标粒度分布,通过优化结晶过程的过饱和度获得最优调温曲线,实现基于恒定过饱和度的晶体生长过程优化控制。实验结果表明通过优化的控温曲线,实现了基于最优过饱和度控制的期望目标粒度分布。 相似文献
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结晶法是工业上生产对二甲苯的主要方法之一。现有对二甲苯结晶动力学参数均单纯由结晶母液的温度和浓度变化通过非线性优化法而获得,未检测对二甲苯的晶体粒度数据,因而其准确性难以得到保证。本文利用超声在线粒度仪(OPUS)检测对二甲苯晶体的粒度分布,通过添加晶种的间歇悬浮熔融结晶实验,应用矩量变换法测定82%(质量)对二甲苯-间二甲苯体系中的对二甲苯结晶动力学。利用最小二乘法对动力学实验数据进行多元线性回归后得到了对二甲苯结晶动力学方程,研究结果表明,在对二甲苯悬浮熔融结晶过程中,溶液相对过饱和度对对二甲苯晶体成核速率的影响大于对晶体生长速率的影响,搅拌速率对成核过程影响明显,而晶浆悬浮密度对成核速率的影响不大。 相似文献
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Do Yeon Kim Michaella Paul Jens-Uwe Rapke Günter Wozny Dae Ryook Yang 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2009,26(5):1220-1225
To obtain a uniform and large crystal in seeded batch cooling crystallization, the cooling strategy is very important. In
this study, an optimal cooling strategy is obtained through simulation and compared to linear and natural cooling strategies.
A model for a crystallization process in a batch reactor is constructed by using population balance equation and material
balance for solution concentration, and a prediction model for meta-stable limit is formulated by the dynamic meta-stable
limit approach. Based on this model, an optimal cooling strategy is obtained using genetic algorithm with the objective function
of minimizing the unwanted nucleation and maximizing the crystal growth rate. From the simulation results, the product from
the optimal cooling strategy showed uniform and large crystal size distribution while products from the other two strategies
contained significant amount of fine particles. 相似文献
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The batch seeded cooling solution crystallization of a fine organic material, exhibiting a platelet-like habit, was investigated and a model of the time variations of the crystal size distribution (CSD) was designed using two-dimensional population balance equations. Activated surface secondary nucleation and attrition secondary nucleation mechanisms were considered, coupled with growth mechanisms of two main dimensions of the crystal, resulting in a set of eight kinetic parameters. The model relates the effects of the main batch operating conditions: seeding temperature, cooling rate and total area of the seed particles, on both the supersaturation profile and bi-dimensional CSD. Surface secondary nucleation occurs first since it is promoted by the introduction of seeds and remains active as long as the relative supersaturation exceeds a threshold value of about 16%. It vanishes below which could be expected as we deal with an activated mechanism. Contact secondary nucleation occurs later when the concentration of solid is sufficient. It is spread over time until supersaturation disappears at the end of the batch process. This contact secondary mechanism is assumed to be the dominant nucleation mechanism as it generates about two-thirds of the final crystal number. Sharp desupersaturation profile following the introduction of seeds, which was observed experimentally, is shown to be quantitatively described through the growth of seed particles. The termination of the batch process is more difficult to represent. Due to crystal attrition, distinct growth rates between initial and secondary crystals or growth rate dispersion might explain such difficulty. 相似文献