1,2-环氧环己烷与2-环己烯-1-酮的等压汽液平衡

Green oxidation of cyclohexene using dioxygen as oxidizing agent is highly desirable because of its environmental compatibility and economic impact. Separation of its oxidation products depends on the reliable vapor- liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of relevant components, which are still lacking. The VLE data of binary system 1,2-epoxycyclohexane and 2-cyclohexen-1-one under ambient pressure were obtained using an improved VLE equipment EC-2 still in this work. The results showed that this binary system has no azeotropic point. Furthermore, the experimental VLE data were correlated with the Wilson thermodynamic model and the corresponding binary interaction parameters of the model were obtained. The results showed that the VLE data agreed well with the model and passed the thermodynamic consistency test of Herrington.     

Solid-Liquid Equilibria of Several Binary and Ternary Systems Containing Maleic Anhydride

Solid-liquid equilibria (SLE) of three binary systems and seven ternary systems containing maleic an-hydride(MA) are measured by visual method. The experimental data are compared with the calculated ones with modified universal quasichemical functional group activity coefficient(UNIFAC) method in which the interaction parameters between groups come from two sources, dortmund data bank(DDB), if there's any, and correlations based on our former presented experimental SLE data of twenty binary systems. New groups of MA, ACCOO group, COO group, >C=O group and cy-CH2 group are defined and the SLE data of rnaleic anhydride in isopropyl acetate in literature are cited in order to assess the new interaction parameters, correlated with Wilson equation and the λh equation. The modified UNIFAC method with these new regressed interaction parameters is also used to predict other three binary systems containing rnaleic anhydride.     

顺丁烯二酸酐在单一溶剂和混合溶剂中的固液平衡研究

Solid-liquid equilibria (SLE) of three binary systems and seven ternary systems containing maleic anhydride(MA) are measured by visual method. The experimental data are compared with the calculated ones with modified universal quasichemical functional group activity coefficient(UNIFAC) method in which the interaction parameters between groups come from two sources, dortmund data bank(DDB), if there’s any, and correlations based on our former presented experimental SLE data of twenty binary systems. New groups of MA, ACCOO group, COO group, ＞C=O group and cy-CH2 group are defined and the SLE data of maleic anhydride in isopropyl acetate in literature are cited in order to assess the new interaction parameters, correlated with Wilson equation and the λh equation. The modified UNIFAC method with these new regressed interaction parameters is also used to predict other three binary systems containing maleic anhydride.     

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Copolymer＋ Solvent Systems： Experimental Data and Thermodynamic Modeling with New UNIFAC Groups

Vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） data for copolymer solutions are necessary for several chemical processes. However, VLE data for copolymer solutions in the published report are rare. In this study, experimental VLE data for binary systems copolymer＋solvent were obtained using a gravimetric-sorption apparatus. The studied systems were hexane＋poly （21% acrylonitrile-co-butadiene）, hexane＋poly （33% acrylonitrile-co-butadiene）, hexane＋poly （51% acrylonitrile-co-butadiene）, hexane＋poly （23% styrene-co-butadiene）, hexane＋poly （45% styrene-co-butadiene）, and benzene＋poly （44% styrene-co-methyl methacrylate） in the range 50-70℃. The experimental data were correlated with the UNIFAC and Elbro-FV group contribution models for the activity coefficient. Two sets of functional groups had been used to represent the monomers in copolymers： literature groups and new proposed groups. The mean deviations between experimental and calculated mass fractions about 2.4% with Elbro- FV and 13.3% with Zhong were observed when the groups proposed in this study were used, and of 3.5% for E1- bro-FV and 13.2% for Zhong, when literature grouns were used.     

用局部组成理论关联纳米流体的剪切黏度

In this study, a new method is presented to correlate the shear viscosity of nanofluids by local composition theory. The Eyring theory and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) equation are used for this purpose. The effects of temperature and particle volume concentration on the viscosity are investigated. The adjustable parameters of NRTL equation are obtained by fitting with experimental data. The calculated shear viscosities for nanofluids of CuO/water with 29 nm particle size, Al2O3/water with two different particle diameters, 36 nm and 47 nm, and CuO/(ethylene glycol, water) are compared with experimental data and the average absolute deviation (AAD) is 1.2%, while the results from some conventional models yield an AAD of 190%. The results of this study are in excellent agreement with experimental data.     

常压下环己烯-环己醇汽液平衡的测定和关联

Many by-products are generated in the process of oxidizing cyclohexene to produce 1,2-epoxycyclohexane by hydrogen peroxide,including cyclohexanol,cyclohexanone,etc.To obtain high-purity 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, the by-products and unreacted cyclohexene must be removed through rectification,in which the vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE)data of the system are needed.In this study,the VLE data of cyclohexene-cyclohexanol system were studied at 101.3 kPa using an improved EC-2 VLE still.The thermodynamic consistency of the data was examined by Herington’s method.The results obtained were exemplary.The VLE data were correlated by the Wilson equation. The difference between the calculated values and the experimental data is minor,indicating that the VLE data are suitable for engineering design.     

101.3 kPa 下环氧环己烷-环己酮气液平衡的测定及关联简

Many by-products are generated in the process of oxidizing cyclohexene to produce 1,2-epoxycyclohexane by hydrogen peroxide, including cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, etc. To obtain high-purity 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, the by-products must be removed through rectification. Refining 1,2-epoxycyclohexane through rectification requires vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） data of the related system. Therefore, the VLE data of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane- cyclohexanone system were measured at 101.3 kPa using an improved EC-2 VLE still. The thermodynamic consistency of the data was then tested by Herington＇s method and the rigorous point-to-point method. The results obtained were exemplary. The VLE data were correlated by the Wilson and non-random two-liquid （NRTL） equations, using the error sum squares of the vapor composition as the objective function to obtain the model parameters. The difference between the calculated values and the experimental data is minor, indicating that the VLE data are suitable for engineering design.     

甲基二氯硅烷-甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷-甲苯三元体系等压汽液平衡

Vapor-liquid euilibrium (VLE) for a ternary system of Methyldichlorosilane methylvinyldichlorosilane toluene and constituent binary systems were measured at 101.3kPa using a new type of magnetical pump-ebulliometer,The equilibrium conpositions of the vapor phase of binary systems were calculated indirectly from the total pressure-temperature-liquid composition(pTx).The experimental data were correlated with the Wilson and NRTL(non-random two liquid )equations.The parameters of the Wilson moldel were employed to predict the ternary VLE data .The calculated boiling points were in good agreement with the experimental ones.     

描述CO2的柔性模型

A fully flexible potential model for carbon dioxide has been developed to predict the vapor-liquid coexistence properties using the NVT-Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo technique (GEMC). The average absolute deviation between our simulation and the literature experimental data for saturated liquid and vapor densities is 0.3% and 2.0%, respectively. Compared with the experimental data, our calculated results of critical properties (7.39 MPa, 304.04 K, and 0.4679 gcm－3) are acceptable and are better than those from the rescaling the potential parameters of elementary physical model (EPM2). The agreement of our simulated densities of supercritical carbon dioxide with the experimental data is acceptable in a wide range of pressure and temperature. The radial distribution function es-timated at the supercritical conditions suggests that the carbon dioxide is a nonlinear molecule with the C O bond length of 0.117 nm and the O C O bond angle of 176.4°, which are consistent with Car-Parrinello molecular- dynamics (CPMD), whereas the EPM2 model shows large deviation at supercritical state. The predicted self-diffusion coefficients are in agreement with the experiments.     

Measurement and modeling of vapor-liquid equilibrium for ternary system water + 2-propanol + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride简

Vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） data for water ＋ 2-propanol ＋ 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride （[bmim]Cl） were measured. Six sets of complete T, x, y data are reported, in which the 2-propanol mole fraction on IL-free basis is fixed separately at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and approximate 0.98, while the IL mass fraction is varied from 0.1 to 0.8, in an interval of 0.1. The non-random-two-liquid （NRTL） and electrolyte non-random-two-liquid （eNRTL） equations are used to correlate the experimental data with satisfactory results. The ternary VLE behavior is also modeled with the parameters obtained by correlating two data sets, in which the mole fraction of 2-propanol on IL-free basis is approximately 0.1 and 0.98. In this way, the six sets of data are reproduced satisfactorily. With the eNRTL model, the root-mean-square deviation for temperature is 0.82 K and that for vapor-phase mole fraction is 0.0078. The influences of IL on activity coefficients and relative volatility of the volatile components are also graphically illustrated.     

碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯二元体系汽液平衡数据的测定与关联

采用双循环汽液平衡釜测定了101.33 kPa下碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯二元体系在363.3—398.9 K的汽液平衡数据。实验数据经面积积分法检验符合热力学一致性。分别采用Wilson和NRTL模型对该实验数据进行了关联,利用关联出的模型参数计算相应的汽相组成,并与实验值比较,其平均偏差小于0.004 6,表明二者符合良好,这为建立碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯的精馏分离数学模型提供了基础数据。     

碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯-甲醇三元体系相平衡数据的推算

采用双循环汽液平衡釜测定了常压下碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯-甲醇、碳酸二乙酯-甲醇三组二元体系的汽液平衡数据,实验数据经Herington面积积分法检验符合热力学一致性。用Wilson模型分别对实验数据进行了关联,利用关联出的模型参数计算相应的汽相组成,并与实验值比较,二者符合良好。利用二元体系的汽液平衡数据,由Wilson方程推算了碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯-甲醇三元体系的汽液平衡数据。为建立碳酸二乙酯和碳酸二甲酯、甲醇的精馏分离数学模型提供了基础数据。     

碳酸二甲酯-苯甲醇体系汽液平衡的研究

试验测定了碳酸二甲酯-苯甲醇体系在常压下的汽液平衡数据,采用Herrington法对数据进行了热力学一致性检验,结果表明所测数据符合热力学一致性。同时依据测定的汽液平衡数据计算出碳酸二甲酯及苯甲醇的无限稀释活度系数,求出Wilson活度系数模型参数,并计算了该体系于413.15 K的汽液平衡数据。     

UNIFAC模型在草酸二乙酯合成体系中的应用

利用原始ＵＮＩＦＡＣ模型对ＣＯ气相催化偶联合成草酸二乙酸产物中的各组分进行了基团划分,用实验测定的二元物系等温汽液平衡数据,关联了ＣＨ２Ｏ／ＨＣＯＯ基团相互作用参数,汽液平衡计算值性实验值比较偏差较大。为提高推算精度,对碳酸二忆是进行新的基团划分,提出了ＵＮＩＦＡＣ新基团ＯＣＯＯ,重新关联基团相互作用参数并进行了汽平稳推算,结果令人满意。     

一异丙醇胺-二异丙醇胺-水体系汽液平衡预测和推算

主要利用UNIFAC基团贡献法预测一异丙醇胺-二异丙醇胺-水三元体系的汽液平衡数据,同时又根据UNIQUAC二元模型参数推算上述三元体系的汽液平衡。预测值和推算值分别与实验测定的一异丙醇胺-二异丙醇胺-水三元体系在338、353、368 K下的恒温汽液平衡数据进行比较,三者符合良好,为该三元体系平衡数据的获得提供了又一途径。     

甲醇、碳酸二甲酯、草酸二甲酯二元体系汽液平衡测定与关联

采用液上气相色谱法测定了一氧化碳低压气相催化合成碳酸二甲酯过程中3组二元物系甲醇-碳酸二甲酯、甲醇-草酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯-草酸二甲酯的等温汽液平衡数据。选用W ilson、NRTL、UNIQUAC活度系数方程进行了关联,利用关联出的模型参数计算相应的汽相组成,并与实验值比较,二者符合较好。     

UNIFAC模型预测含α-蒎烯体系的汽液平衡数据

α-蒎烯具有一个特殊的双环双键结构。为更准确地预测含α-蒎烯体系的汽液平衡数据,利用UNIFAC模型原理对α-蒎烯进行基团重新划分,可得到一个大基团双环[3.1.1]-2-庚烯基与3个CH₃。通过对含α-蒎烯二元汽液平衡数据进行拟合,得到新基团双环[3.1.1]-2-庚烯基与CH₃、C=C、ACH、ACCH₃基团间的相互作用参数,扩大了UNIFAC模型的应用范围。与原始UNIFAC模型仅利用CH₃、C=C、ACH、ACCH₃基团预测出的含α-蒎烯三元体系汽液平衡数据进行比较,新基团模型预测的气相组成平均偏差以及温度平均偏差比原始基团模型的偏差要更小,说明新基团的划分更为合理。     

动态法辅助筛选萃取精馏分离环己烷-苯混合物的溶剂

采用基于UNIFAC模型(改进UNIFAC模型)的较严谨的"动态法"替代传统的"静态法",以FORTRAN语言开发了萃取精馏法分离沸点接近液体混合物(含共沸物)的萃取剂筛选和多元气液平衡预测程序. 经文献中的乙醇-水体系气液平衡实验数据验证,UNIFAC模型和改进UNIFAC模型的平衡气相组成预测结果平均相对误差分别为3.26%和1.74%,表明所开发的程序具有良好的可靠性和适用性. 采用基于改进UNIFAC模型的"动态法"对萃取精馏法分离环己烷-苯混合物的萃取剂进行了计算机高通量筛选,根据适宜萃取剂选取原则和计算结果,经综合考虑选出较好的萃取剂为二氯甲烷和1,2,3-三氯丙烷. 选取二氯甲烷做实验验证,测定了环己烷-苯-二氯甲烷分离体系的部分气液平衡实验数据,结果表明实验值与计算值吻合良好. 以二氯甲烷作为萃取剂具有能耗低、待分离体系热稳定性好和有效能损失小的优点.     

无水硅酸钠催化酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯

以廉价的Na2Si O3·9H2O为原料,通过简单的焙烧处理,制备了系列无水硅酸钠,并将其作为固体碱催化剂应用于碳酸乙烯酯(EC)与CH3OH酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的反应。采用TG-DTA、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对无水Na2Si O3进行表征。结果表明,焙烧温度对无水Na2Si O3的碱强度、总碱量及催化活性没有显著影响。当焙烧温度为200℃时,样品(Na2Si O3-200)的碱强度(Ho)为15.0~18.4,总碱量为10.9 mmol/g。以Na2Si O3-200为催化剂,考察了原料配比、温度和时间对酯交换合成DMC反应的影响。当CH3OH与EC的摩尔比为10∶1,在65℃反应2 h后,EC转化率与DMC收率可分别达到89%和88%。即使在室温条件下,Na2Si O3-200也能有效地催化EC与甲醇酯交换反应的进行。此外,经过4次使用后,Na2Si O3-200的催化活性没有出现明显下降的趋势。     

Sustainable Dimethyl Carbonate Production from Ethylene Oxide and Methanol

A large-scale dimethyl carbonate (DMC) production process from ethylene oxide (EO), CO₂, and methanol was simulated and optimized. Unlike most industrial processes of DMC production, the direct conversion of EO and CO₂ to ethylene carbonate (EC) and EC transesterification to DMC were performed in a single reactor. The reaction volume and the reactor operating pressure were selected as decision variables and evaluated. The key performance parameters, e.g., conversion per pass and CO₂ intensity, were compared with conventional commercialized routes or novel promising processes in the literature.