粒子滤波算法测定混合染液染料浓度

针对如何准确测定混合染液染料浓度,尤其当混合染液浓度太大时由于染料自身发生如水解等化学变化以及染料之间的相互作用,其吸光度体系呈非线性的情况,提出了通过建立非线性吸光度模型,并利用粒子滤波算法同时测定混合染液中各染料浓度的解决方法。以3种活性染料的混合染液为例,对该方法的可行性进行验证,并与扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行滤波效果对比。实例证明,非线性吸光度模型是准确的,基于粒子滤波算法的测定方法是有效可行的。     

基于PSO-FNN逆的青霉素发酵软测量方法

青霉素发酵过程是一个严重非线性、时变、复杂的动态过程,发酵过程中一些关键参数(如菌体质量浓度ρX、基质质量浓度ρS和产物质量浓度(ρP)难以通过常规仪表在线测量,这些参数的获取非常耗时和困难。提出一种基于粒子群模糊神经网络逆(PSO-FNN逆)的软测量方法。首先给出青霉素发酵过程数学模型,然后根据逆系统理论证明其可逆性,在此基础上构建基于PSO-FNN逆的青霉素发酵软测量模型,最后通过仿真验证该方法性能。仿真结果表明:PSO-FNN逆的青霉素发酵软测量方法能够结合基于发酵机制和纯数据驱动2种软测量方法的优点,对不直接可测的关键参数实现在线软测量,较PSO-BPNN逆和PSO-BPNN软测量方法具有更高的预测精度和更强的预测能力。     

基于k-近邻互信息的发酵过程高斯过程回归建模

发酵过程中基质浓度往往无法在线测量,采用高斯过程回归（GPR）建立基质浓度的估计模型,实现了其软测量。不同于传统软测量方法对基质浓度的估计,该方法不仅可以得到估计值,还能够得到其估计方差。考虑到发酵过程中各变量之间的非线性、相关性,为了提高模型的预测性能,在模型建立之前首先用k-近邻互信息（k-MI）辅助变量选择方法对模型的输入变量进行选择。从青霉素发酵过程的应用结果来看,采用kMI-GPR方法取得了较好的估计效果。     

基于k-近邻互信息的发酵过程高斯过程回归建模

发酵过程中基质浓度往往无法在线测量,采用高斯过程回归(GPR)建立基质浓度的估计模型,实现了其软测量。不同于传统软测量方法对基质浓度的估计,该方法不仅可以得到估计值,还能够得到其估计方差。考虑到发酵过程中各变量之间的非线性、相关性,为了提高模型的预测性能,在模型建立之前首先用k-近邻互信息(k-MI)辅助变量选择方法对模型的输入变量进行选择。从青霉素发酵过程的应用结果来看,采用kMI-GPR方法取得了较好的估计效果。     

一种基于多模型融合软测量建模方法

针对锌湿法冶炼净化过程中钴离子浓度LS-SVM软测量建模方法精度低的问题,将最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）和自回归滑动平均模型（ARMA）融合建立钴离子浓度融合软测量模型,首先通过离子浓度序列的小波变换获得序列的低频和高频子序列,对各子序列分别进行相空间重构,并在相空间中分别建立最小二乘支持向量机模型,然后将各模型的输出利用小波重构整合得到钴离子基于LS-SVM软测量结果,利用自回归滑动平均模型对基于LS-SVM模型输出误差信息进行建模,通过对两个模型的融合,获得融合模型的软测量估计值。将该方法应用于锌液净化除钴段入口钴离子浓度的软测量,结果表明该方法比单一的LS-SVM方法具有更好的泛化性能和测量精度,显示出良好的应用潜力。     

高斯过程及其在软测量建模中的应用

结合工业萘初馏塔关键质量指标估计问题，提出了采用高斯过程（GP）建立复杂工业过程软测量方法。将自动相关确定（ARD）原理与GP模型结合进行软测量模型辅助变量选择,通过建立GP软测量模型，同时得到关键质量指标估计值和相应的预测不确定度，有效解决了现有软测量建模方法不能给出估计值的测量不确定度的问题。研究表明，GP软测量模型不仅能自动选择辅助变量，而且还具有较高的估计精度和较小的测量不确定度，能够更好地满足工业现场对测量可靠性的要求。     

苗族的传统蜡染

蜡染古称"蜡缬",是我国古代三大防染技术之一.蜡染是指用蜡加热熔化涂绘于织物,将织物浸泡于染液中染色的一种染色方法.由于染液不能渗透涂绘的蜡部分,从而保留织物的原有色彩,未绘蜡的部分则染上了染料颜色,于是形成了独特的图案效果.     

分散/酸性染料——Forosyne深蓝SE-RL

Forosyne深蓝SE-RL是山道士公司生产的涤纶/羊毛混纺织物染色和印花用分散/酸性染料。该染料以其多功能性而优于其它染料,适用于各种常规染色法(98～120℃)和精梳纱、纱线、涤/纶羊毛混纺织物(混纺比为55/45,70/30)的印花。该染料的生产和使用牢度均符合Foro-syne SE型染料的标准。用该染料所染的色泽,甚至在染深色时耐磨牢度良好,且无需采用     

含时滞测量值下间歇过程的双维状态估计

基于粒子滤波研究了间歇过程的状态估计问题。根据间歇过程双维动态特性,针对关键参数在线检测精度低、离线分析时滞大等问题,分别建立一种双维状态转移模型和时滞测量模型,并利用贝叶斯方法及前/后向平滑,提出一种含时滞测量值下的双维状态估计算法。该算法通过融合先前批次和时滞测量值的信息提高估计精度,并且克服了离线采样周期和时滞时间不确定的问题。在数字仿真和啤酒发酵过程中的仿真应用验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于JIT-MOSVR的软测量方法及应用

针对传统多模型软测量方法在面对复杂、多变工况时缺少在线更新机制、更新时输出精度降低等问题,提出了一种基于即时学习算法（JIT）的多模型在线软测量方法（MOSVR）。离线阶段首先采用模糊C均值聚类（FCM）对训练数据进行聚类,接着采用SVR建立初始模型集。在线部分以多模型输出作为主要输出,当出现新工况时,通过在线模型更新策略（OSMU）将输出模式切换为JIT,同时多模型集进行在线更新。该方法不仅拥有多模型输出的快速性、精确性,而且在模型更新时通过JIT模式还能保证输出的连续性、稳定性、精确性。最后将该软测量方法进行了数值仿真并运用到乙烷浓度软测量中,验证了该方法的有效性。     

咖啡炭改性涤盖棉针织面料的染色工艺

针对咖啡炭改性涤盖棉面料染色均匀性差、涤棉色差大等问题,在不同染色工艺条件下对织物染色,通过对比试验,测试各种染色条件下织物的性能,优选出最佳染色工艺,得到染色均匀性好、涤棉染色色差小、色牢度高、强力损失小的咖啡炭改性涤盖棉针织染色面料。     

姜黄粒度对超临界CO_2萃取染色一步法的影响

依据萃取釜的微元高度列质量衡算方程,采用Crank-Nicolson方差法求解,得到了超临界流体萃取姜黄颗粒的收缩核模型。取姜黄粒度大小0.5—5 mm、温度70—90℃、压力23—27 MPa、时间50—90 min的条件下,分别对蛋白质织物、纤维素织物及化学纤维织物进行了超临界萃取染色一步法实验。结合电子测色配色仪、分光光度仪,分析了姜黄粒度大小对超临界CO2萃取染色一步法的影响。结果表明,在实验选取的姜黄粒度大小范围内,粒度越小3种织物的萃取染色效果越好,其蛋白质织物的最优工艺为:粒度0.5 mm、压力27 MPa、温度80℃、时间50 min。     

Optimization of the Dyeing Process and Prediction of Quality Characteristics on Elastic Fiber Blending Fabrics

This study aims to find the optimal conditions for dyeing polyester (PET) and Lycra®-blended fabric and predict the quality characteristics, where PET and Lycra®-blended fabric were taken as raw material with dispersed dyes using a one-bath two-section dyeing method, characterizing the color strength of gray fabric. Adopting the Taguchi method for parameter design, machine working temperature, dyeing time, dye concentration, and bath ratio, which have an influence on dyeing, were chosen as control factors to conduct experiments using orthogonal arrays, and analysis of variance was incorporated to determine optimal processing conditions, significant factors, and percent contribution. With the smaller-the-better characteristic for color strength of gray fabric as the target characteristic, calculations were conducted to confirm the reproducibility of the experiment. We found from experimental results that color strength for gray fabric dyed under optimal conditions was closer to the target value. In addition, we constructed a prediction system based on the factors significantly influencing dyeing performance by a integrating genetic algorithm (GA) with a back propagation neutral network (BPNN), so as to find optimal connection weight values. Hence, learning algorithm efficiency was enhanced with decreased dependency on initial conditions, together with a more robust learning algorithm, so as to predict color strength for gray fabric. Moreover, improvements of BPNN, which is most widely used at present, will be influenced by choice of initial learning parameters more often than not, hence there is a disadvantage in that it is probable that only local optimal solutions are found instead of global optimal solutions.     

阳离子改性棉织物活性染料染色性能

用自制的阳离子改性剂对棉织物进行改性处理,用浓度为6%(o.w.f.)的活性红3BS、活性黄3RS、活性黑KN-B三种染料分别对改性后的棉织物进行无盐染色。分别讨论了上染速率曲线、移染性能对上染性能的影响。得到的最优固色工艺为:碳酸钠用量为10 g/L~15 g/L,在60℃下固色20分钟~30分钟。改性棉织物的匀染性良好,耐水洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度与常规染色基本一致。     

Investigations on the level dyeing of fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide

The level dyeing of fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated by employing an improved beam (a perforated pipe on which the knitted or woven fabric/warp is wound around). The effects of system temperature, pressure, dyeing time, a time ratio of fluid circulation to static dyeing (R_time), different fabric layers wrapped around the beam, and the species and chemical structures of dyestuffs on leveling properties and color strength of polyester and cotton fabrics were observed. The results show that the leveling properties and color strength of fabrics were improved on the new beam, as well as with a favorably increased system temperature, pressure, dyeing time, and a time ratio of fluid circulation to static dyeing; while the leveling property and color strength decreased with fabric layers on the beam under an identical condition. Highly leveling results were obtained on polyester and cotton fabrics with disperse and reactive disperse dyes involving different chemical structures.     

核桃青皮醇提物对棉织物染色性能的研究

为解决天然染料核桃青皮染色色调单一的问题,以颜色特征值和染色牢度为指标,通过单因素和正交实验优化了影响染色效果的温度、时间、pH值及核桃青皮色素染液的质量浓度等因素,比较了单金属盐的不同媒染方法和双金属盐复配对纯棉织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,核桃青皮色素染色的优化条件为：温度90oC、质量浓度71.40 g/L、染浴pH=4.0、时间140 min。核桃青皮提取液染色棉织物色谱的范围广,耐摩擦牢度好;耐皂洗牢度上单金属盐媒染是后媒＞前媒＞同浴＞直接染色,双金属盐复配及Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Al3+、Cr6+等单金属盐媒染的耐皂洗色牢度均能达到3级以上。X-射线衍射分析表明棉织物内部结构未受影响,Fe3+、Fe2+、Cr6+、Sr2+、Na+和K+等单金属盐和Fe2+/Cu2+、Fe2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Sn2+、Al3+/Cr6+、Cr6+/Ti4+和Cr6+/Sn2+等双金属盐媒染后的棉织物紫外线防护能力增强。     

生物能纤维针织面料的染色工艺

采用高温高压的染色方法,通过分散染料上染生物能纤维针织面料,对影响其染色性能的助剂用量、染液pH值、升温速率、固色时间这4个主要因素进行单因素分析,并采用正交试验的方法对其染色工艺进行优化,最后通过对染色色牢度进行评定,得出上染生物能纤维针织面料的最佳染色工艺。     

Dyeing behaviors of ionic liquid treated wool

In this article, a new class of “green” solvent—ionic liquid (IL) was employed to improve the dyeability of wool. The physical and chemical properties of the IL‐treated wool, such as surface morphology, wettability, and tensile strength were first analyzed, and then the dyeing properties of IL‐treated wool were investigated in terms of dyeing rate, dyeing exhaustion at equilibrium, color depth, and color fastnesses. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed eroded marks on IL‐treated wool fiber surfaces. The water contact angle of the fabric treated with IL at 100°C decreased from 118.6° to 106.4°. The tensile strength of IL‐treated wool fibers was slightly decreased when the treating temperature was less than 100°C. Dyeing kinetics experiments revealed that the IL treatments greatly increased initial dyeing rate, shortened half‐dyeing time, and time to reach dyeing equilibrium. The final exhaustion and color depth of IL‐treated wool were also increased accompanying with slightly decreased color fastness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

A novel method for fabric color transfer

Fabric color design is a complex process in textiles and clothing industry. A new method for fabric color selection and transferring is proposed in this study. An automatic way to select the colors from the natural images is developed for fabric color design. Based on these colors, a fabric image is then used for color transferring. The fabric image is processed by a bias field estimation operation, and the membership function of the color deviations of the image has been obtained. According to the selected colors and the color membership function, the fabric image colors can be changed and transferred to a new image that preserves the similar texture appearance but with significantly different color effects. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 304–310, 2015     

酸性金属络合染料上染锦氨织物的色牢度探讨

采用酸性金属络合染料对锦氨织物进行染色,从染料、染色工艺、助剂三个角度探讨了对染色牢度的影响。结果表明:酸性金属络合染料对锦氨织物染浅、中及中深色的牢度较好;染深色时,需通过工艺调整及助剂辅助。其优化的工艺条件为:染色温度93℃,保温时间30 min,染浴p H值在3~4,配合1.0 g/L氨纶防沾色剂,2%(omf)酸性固色剂DM-2539G及2.0 g/L增进剂CIBAFIX ECO后处理,各项牢度指标能提升到3-4级及以上。