利用状态空间模型和不敏卡尔曼滤波的分批补料发酵过程在线估计(英文)

On-line estimation of unmeasurable biological variables is important in fermentation processes, directly influencing the optimal control performance of the fermentation system as well as the quality and yield of the targeted product. In this study, a novel strategy for state estimation of fed-batch fermentation process is proposed. By combining a simple and reliable mechanistic dynamic model with the sample-based regressive measurement model, a state space model is developed. An improved algorithm, swarm energy conservation particle swarm optimization (SECPSO), is presented for the parameter identification in the mechanistic model, and the support vector machines (SVM) method is adopted to establish the nonlinear measurement model. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is designed for the state space model to reduce the disturbances of the noises in the fermentation process. The proposed on-line estimation method is demonstrated by the simulation experiments of a penicillin fed-batch fermentation process.     

Soft-sensing modeling and intelligent optimal control strategy for distillation yield rate of atmospheric distillation oil refining process

It is a challenge to conserve energy for the large-scale petrochemical enterprises due to complex production process and energy diversification. As critical energy consumption equipment of atmospheric distillation oil refining process, the atmospheric distillation column is paid more attention to save energy. In this paper, the optimal problem of energy utilization efficiency of the atmospheric distillation column is solved by defining a new energy efficiency indicator — the distillation yield rate of unit energy consumption from the perspective of material flow and energy flow, and a soft-sensing model for this new energy efficiency indicator with respect to the multiple working conditions and intelligent optimizing control strategy are suggested for both increasing distillation yield and decreasing energy consumption in oil refining process. It is found that the energy utilization efficiency level of the atmospheric distillation column depends closely on the typical working conditions of the oil refining process, which result by changing the outlet temperature, the overhead temperature, and the bottom liquid level of the atmospheric pressure tower. The fuzzy C-means algorithm is used to classify the typical operation conditions of atmospheric distillation in oil refining process. Furthermore, the LSSVM method optimized with the improved particle swarm optimization is used to model the distillation rate of unit energy consumption. Then online optimization of oil refining process is realized by optimizing the outlet temperature, the overhead temperature with IPSO again. Simulation comparative analyses are made by empirical data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.     

一种提高发酵单位的SVM与RGA相结合的优化控制策略

An optimal control strategy is proposed to improve the fermentation titer, which combines the support vector machine (SVM) with real code genetic algorithm (RGA). A prediction model is established with SVM for penicillin fermentation processes, and it is used in RGA for fitting function. A control pattern is proposed to overcome the coupling problem of fermentation parameters, which describes the overall production condition. Experimental results show that the optimal control strategy improves the penicillin titer of the fermentation process by 22.88%, compared with the routine operation.     

甲苯液相催化氧化过程模拟与优化

Liquid-phase oxidation of toluene with air has become the main technology for producing benzoic acid in a reactor at present. Based on the kinetic model of the toluene oxidation process obtained from laboratory and mass balance of key component, a novel model is established to simulate the industrial toluene oxidation process, in which the effects of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol are considered and the kinetic parameters are revised by industrial data. The simulation results show that the error of benzoic acid yield is within 3.5%. Based on the simulation model, to maximize the benzoic acid yield, an optimization model is proposed to optimize the operating parameters, including toluene feed-in mass flux and temperature. The optimization result indicates that on the allowable operating conditions the maximum benzoic acid yield obtained with the reaction temperature at 167.2 C an the mass flux at 104.1 t·h^- 1 is greater than the current one, which can be used to guide industrial reactor s operation.     

基于粒子群优化算法的水分配网络系统综合的最优化研究

The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fresh water and wastewater treatment is globally minimized. A superstructure that incorporates all feasible design alterna- tives for wastewater treatment, reuse and recycle, is synthesized with a non-linear programming model. An evolutionary approach--an improved particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing such systems. Two simple examples are .Presented.to illustrate the global op.timization of inte.grated water networks using the proposed algorithm.     

间歇结晶过程的分批优化

It is the fact that several process parameters are either unknown or uncertain. Therefore, an optimal control, profile calculated with developed process models with respect to such process parameters may not give an optimal performance when implemented to real processes. This study proposes a batch-to-batch optimization strategy for the estimation of uncertain kinetic.par.ameters in a batch crystallization process of potassium sulfate production. The knowledge of a crystal size distribution of the product at the end of batch operation is used in the proposed methodology. The updated kinetic parameters are applied for determining an optimal operating temperature policy for the next batch run.     

一种基于测量的双层动态优化策略及其在青霉素发酵过程中的应用(英文)

One measurement-based dynamic optimization scheme can achieve optimality under uncertainties by tracking the necessary condition of optimality (NCO-tracking), with a basic assumption that the solution model remains invariant in the presence of al kinds of uncertainties. This assumption is not satisfied in some cases and the stan-dard NCO-tracking scheme is infeasible. In this paper, a novel two-level NCO-tracking scheme is proposed to deal with this problem. A heuristic criterion is given for triggering outer level compensation procedure to update the solution model once any change is detected via online measurement and estimation. The standard NCO-tracking process is carried out at the inner level based on the updated solution model. The proposed approach is il ustrated via a bioreactor in penicil in fermentation process.     

基于ARX-NNPLS模型的优化策略及在聚合物牌号切换过程中的应用(英文)

Since it is often difficult to build differential algebraic equations (DAEs) for chemical processes, a new data-based modeling approach is proposed using ARX (AutoRegressive with eXogenous inputs) combined with neural network under partial least squares framework (ARX-NNPLS), in which less specific knowledge of the process is required but the input and output data. To represent the dynamic and nonlinear behavior of the process, the ARX combined with neural network is used in the partial least squares (PLS) inner model between input and output latent variables. In the proposed dynamic optimization strategy based on the ARX-NNPLS model, neither parameterization nor iterative solving process for DAEs is needed as the ARX-NNPLS model gives a proper representation for the dynamic behavior of the process, and the computing time is greatly reduced compared to conventional control vector parameterization method. To demonstrate the ARX-NNPLS model based optimization strategy, the polyethylene grade transition in gas phase fluidized-bed reactor is taken into account. The optimization results show that the final optimal trajectory of quality index determined by the new approach moves faster to the target values and the computing time is much less.     

Hybrid method integrating machine learning and particle swarm optimization for smart chemical process operations

Modeling and optimization is crucial to smart chemical process operations.However,a large number of nonlinearities must be considered in a typical chemical process according to complex unit operations,chemical reactions and separations.This leads to a great challenge of implementing mechanistic models into industrial-scale problems due to the resulting computational complexity.Thus,this paper presents an efficient hybrid framework of integrating machine learning and particle swarm optimization to overcome the aforementioned difficulties.An industrial propane dehydrogenation process was carried out to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of our method.Firstly,a data set was generated based on process mechanistic simulation validated by industrial data,which provides sufficient and reasonable samples for model training and testing.Secondly,four well-known machine learning methods,namely,K-nearest neighbors,decision tree,support vector machine,and artificial neural network,were compared and used to obtain the prediction models of the processes operation.All of these methods achieved highly accurate model by adjusting model parameters on the basis of high-coverage data and properly features.Finally,optimal process operations were obtained by using the particle swarm optimization approach.     

Process optimization of an industrial acetic acid dehydration progress via heterogeneous azeotropic distillation

The simulated process model of the HAc dehydration process under actual overloaded condition was conducted by amending the model of standard condition in our previous work using the process data collected from actual production. Based on the actual process model, the operation optimization analysis of each plant(HAc dehydration column, decanter and NPA recycle column) was conducted using Residue Curve Maps(RCMs),sensitivity analysis and software optimization module. Based on the optimized parameters, the influence of feed impurity MA and the temperature of decanter on the separating effect and energy consumption of the whole process were analyzed. Then the whole process operation optimizing strategy was proposed with the objective that the total reboiler duty Q Total of C-1 and C-3 reaches the minimum value, keeping C-1 and C-3 at their optimized separation parameters obtained above, connecting all the broken recycle and connection streams, and using the temperature of D-1 as operation variable. The optimization result shows that the total reboiler duty Q Total of the whole process can reach the minimum value of 128.32 × 10~6 k J·h~(-1) when the temperature of decanter is 352.35 K, and it can save 5.94 × 10~6 k J·h~(-1), about 2.56 t·h~(-1) low-pressure saturated vapor.     

基于PSO的丁二酸发酵动力学模型参数优化

丁二酸是一种重要的化工原料,对丁二酸发酵过程进行模型化研究可以为工艺放大提供必要的基础数据。根据丁二酸发酵过程的实验数据,在已有的丁二酸发酵动力学模型的基础上,采用粒子群优化算法进行模型参数优化研究,求得最优参数并利用其进行过程仿真。结果表明优化后的模型能够更好地模拟丁二酸分批发酵过程。和采用遗传算法进行的研究结果相比,粒子群算法提高了模型计算值与实验测量值的拟合程度,且算法简单,易于实现。     

基于改进粒子群算法的乙苯脱氢过程多目标优化

设计了一种基于支配关系构造非支配解集的多目标粒子群算法(MOPSO),将当前找到的非支配解保存到一个外部集——最优解集,利用支配更新其最优解集,多次迭代后得到Pareto最优解集。把乙苯脱氢反应过程的收率和选择性作为优化目标,动力学模型和实际生产状况作为约束条件构造乙苯脱氢过程的多目标优化问题,利用改进的多目标粒子群算法进行优化求解。基于求得的Pareto最优解集研究了各个操作条件对乙苯脱氢生产过程收率和选择性的影响,为后续乙苯催化脱氢系统实施先进控制奠定了基础。     

模糊多目标粒子群算法在乙烯裂解工业中的应用研究

文中研究了模糊多目标粒子群算法（MOPSO）在乙烯裂解工业中应用。算法在Pareto排序基础上引入子目标的最优操作条件来扩展属于非劣解集的操作条件范围,使非劣解集对于每个单目标而言都有较广的覆盖范围,确保非劣解集（操作条件）均匀分布,改进了非劣解集的质量,同时对非劣解引入工况实际要求,通过后验的模糊评价,来确定非劣解的满意操作条件,为决策者提供了明确的操作条件。将模糊多目标粒子群算法用于解决乙烯裂解过程中乙烯和丙烯收率多目标优化问题,较好地平衡了两种目标之闯的冲突,为流程工业多目标优化问题提供了理论指导。     

一种混合粒子群优化的沉降ARMAX模型

为了提高氧化铝生产质量和降低能耗,分析了氧化铝沉降工艺中影响沉降过程的各种因素,采用系统辨识的方法建立沉降系统的带外部输入的自回归滑移ARMAX模型.为此提出了基于二阶混沌的混合粒子群算法,解决了粒子群算法容易早熟以及全局寻优效率偏低等问题,进而建立了基于二阶混沌的混合粒子群优化算法的沉降槽密度ARMAX模型.仿真实验...     

基于动态代谢通量分析的发酵过程多目标优化

通过动态代谢通量分析方法建立发酵过程模型,提出了一种基于微观代谢信息的发酵过程多目标优化策略,该策略基于所建微观模型,根据动态特性将发酵过程分为菌体生长和产物合成两个阶段,进行特征分析并从微观通量层面分别设计优化目标与约束条件,采用多目标粒子群算法求得最优解。该方法用于青霉素发酵过程底物流加速率和pH的操作轨迹优化,仿真实验结果表明,采用基于微观通量的多目标优化策略能够提高产物终端浓度,表明优化策略的有效性。     

Optimization of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Kinetic Model by Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) kinetic models are characterized by high dimension, nonlinearity, discontinuity, and non-differentiability. Particle swarm optimization is easy to fall into local optima prematurely when it is applied to the optimization of kinetic models. To solve this problem, an improved two-swarm cooperative particle swarm optimization (ITCPSO) is proposed. Considering the reaction mechanism of FCC, an 8-lumps kinetic model was developed. According to the pilot data, nine PSO algorithms and ITCPSO are presented to estimate the parameters. The results demonstrate that better performance of global searching is gained by ITCPSO compared to other PSOs, thus, ITCPSO is expected to be implemented in the optimization of complex kinetic models.     

Protein Structure Refinement Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization with Decomposition Strategy

Protein structure refinement is a crucial step for more accurate protein structure predictions. Most existing approaches treat it as an energy minimization problem to intuitively improve the quality of initial models by searching for structures with lower energy. Considering that a single energy function could not reflect the accurate energy landscape of all the proteins, our previous AIR 1.0 pipeline uses multiple energy functions to realize a multi-objectives particle swarm optimization-based model refinement. It is expected to provide a general balanced conformation search protocol guided from different energy evaluations. However, AIR 1.0 solves the multi-objective optimization problem as a whole, which could not result in good solution diversity and convergence on some targets. In this study, we report a decomposition-based method AIR 2.0, which is an updated version of AIR, for protein structure refinement. AIR 2.0 decomposes a multi-objective optimization problem into a number of subproblems and optimizes them simultaneously using particle swarm optimization algorithm. The solutions yielded by AIR 2.0 show better convergence and diversity compared to its previous version, which increases the possibilities of digging out better structure conformations. The experimental results on CASP13 refinement benchmark targets and blind tests in CASP 14 demonstrate the efficacy of AIR 2.0.     

基于EBF神经网络和粒子群算法的注射成型优化设计

基于拉丁超立方设计建立了椭球基（EBF）神经网络模型描述注塑工艺参数与翘曲值间的函数关系,将EBF神经网络模型与Kriging模型对比,说明EBF神经网络模型可以准确地描述注塑工艺参数与翘曲值之间的函数关系,并结合多目标粒子群算法对工艺参数进行优化,并与邻域培植遗传算法优化结果对比,说明多目标粒子群算法的优点。结果表明,基于EBF神经网络模型和粒子群优化算法可以使塑料出水管翘曲值减小11.64 %,同时使保压时间和冷却时间总和减小了2.13 s,从而在出水管批量生产过程中减少了生产时间。     

余热锅炉单相受热面动态建模与模型参数优化

作为余热利用环节中最重要的部分,余热锅炉的启动、变工况运行和停机特性直接决定锅炉的寿命及效率。基于工质热力学性质和质量、动量及能量守恒方程,以Matlab/Simulink为平台,构建了余热锅炉单相受热面的动态仿真模型。结合某水泥厂自主设计的直流余热锅炉实验数据,基于遗传算法和粒子群算法,对动态模型进行了参数优化。结果表明,经过优化后,余热锅炉动态模型与实验数据匹配程度高,模拟与实验结果的误差为0.93%~4.39%。因此,本文所建立的单相受热面变工况动态模型可以准确反映余热锅炉受热面动态特性。两种算法的对比表明,粒子群算法适应度函数收敛更优;在收敛迭代次数上,粒子群算法在54~64代达到收敛,遗传算法在93代后达到收敛。粒子群算法在参数优化方面优于遗传算法。