UV/H2O2降解城市污水处理厂尾水中低浓度DBP的研究

试验研究了UV/H2O2工艺处理模拟城市污水处理厂尾水中低浓度的DBP,考察了工艺参数和水质参数对DBP降解效果的影响。结果表明,单独UV光照或单独H2O2对DBP的降解效果远低于两者的协同作用。DBP的降解效率随着H2O2投加量的增加而增大,随着DBP初始质量浓度的增大而减小,且其光降解速率常数与其初始质量浓度成拟一级反应动力学关系。在DBP初始质量浓度为1～100μg.L-1,H2O2投加量为0.10 g.L-1,UV辐射强度为24.26μW.cm-2的条件下,反应进行30 min后,DBP降解率均可达到90%以上,且pH对其降解效果影响小。UV/H2O2工艺对于浊度低、成分复杂的城市污水处理厂尾水中低浓度的DBP去除率为85%,比去离子水中配制的DBP原水降解率低14%。     

UV/H2O2降解水中含氮消毒副产物-苯乙腈的动力学和影响因素

采用UV/H_2O_2高级氧化技术处理水中含氮消毒副产物苯乙腈,研究了影响苯乙腈降解的因素。结果表明,单纯UV体系中,去除效果不明显。UV/H_2O_2对苯乙腈具有较高的去除率,且降解符合一级反应动力学。随着过氧化氢投加量增大,苯乙腈的去除率呈先增大后减小的趋势,且在投加量为20 mg/L时可达94.9%;溶液初始浓度的增加会提高去除效果,且动力学速率常数增加;降低溶液pH值、增大紫外辐射剂量有利于降解速率和去除率的提高;自来水为基质对降解苯乙腈的影响不明显;Cl~-、Mg~(2+)、Al~(3+)对苯乙腈去除有一定的抑制作用,抑制率达20.9%以上。文中将UV/H_2O_2高级氧化技术应用于控制苯乙腈,以期为水中苯乙腈的降解提供基础理论。     

高锰酸钾预氧化—O3/BAC组合工艺处理长江陈行水库原水

以长江陈行水库原水为研究对象,探讨高锰酸钾预氧化-O3/BAC组合工艺对水中有机物、消毒副产物前驱物的去除效果,并评价该工艺出水生物稳定性。结果表明,生物活性炭出水CODMn均值为0.63 mg.L-1,平均去除率68.9%,UV254均值为0.005 cm-1,平均去除率89.0%;高锰酸钾预氧化-O3/BAC组合工艺可以有效去除水中氯化消毒副产物前驱物,对THMFP和HAAFP的去除率分别为66.2%和84.2%;该工艺出水AOC质量浓度为47μg.L-1,,生物稳性较好。     

UV/H2O2降解活性黑5动力学研究

建立一种双曲线模型对UV/H2O2降解偶氮染料活性黑5过程进行描述,考察不同H2O2初始浓度对活性黑5去除率、瞬态.OH浓度和反应速率的影响,并利用液相色谱质谱联用分析降解中间产物。结果表明:最佳的H2O2投加量是8.824 mM,50 min后活性黑5的去除率可达94%以上。双曲线模型能较好地描述UV/H2O2降解活性黑5过程,利用该模型可估算反应过程中瞬时.OH的浓度和瞬时反应速率。     

UV/Fe/H2O2体系光解对硝基苯胺废水的实验研究

在自制的光催化反应器中,采用UV/Fe/H2O2体系光解对硝基苯胺(PNA)模拟废水,考察了Fe粉和H2O2投加量、PNA浓度、废水溶液初始pH值等因素对光解过程的影响。实验结果表明,常温条件下,用32 W低压汞灯(λ=254 nm)照射,UV/Fe/H2O2体系降解PNA效果明显,当pH=3.0、Fe投加量为25 mg/L、H2O2投加量为3 mL/L时,100 mg/L模拟对硝基苯胺废水在12 min后PNA降解率达90%以上,溶液CODCr去除率超过50%。     

阿特拉津对固相反硝化的影响和去除机制研究

通过静态实验,探究阿特拉津含量对反硝化作用的影响以及固相反硝化对阿特拉津的去除机制。结果表明,质量浓度为1 mg/L和5 mg/L的阿特拉津对固相反硝化没有明显的影响,阿特拉津去除率分别为96.34%和86.72%;当阿特拉津的初始质量浓度达到10 mg/L时,硝态氮去除率略微下降了10%左右,阿特拉津的去除率下降迅速下降至62.33%。前期主要依靠稻草秸秆的吸附作用去除阿特拉津;随着稻草秸秆对阿特拉津的吸附达到了饱和,吸附作用趋于平缓,反硝化菌的生物作用开始显现。2种作用同时进行使得阿特拉津去除率最终达到90%以上。依靠吸附作用去除的阿特拉津始终占被去除总量的70%以上,说明固相反硝化系统对阿特拉津的去除主要依靠吸附作用。     

微波/催化剂/H2O2降解酸性红B的研究

以颗粒活性炭为载体,分别负载Fe3+、Cu2+或Fe3+-Cu2+制备出催化剂,采用微波/催化剂/H2O2工艺对酸性红B进行降解研究,并考察了各种因素对酸性红B降解效果的影响。研究结果表明,活性炭负载Fe3+-Cu2+型催化剂对酸性红B的处理效果最好,适宜的Fe3+、Cu2+负载量均为1.0%;对于100 mL初始质量浓度为100 mg/L的酸性红B模拟染料废水,适宜的处理条件为初始pH=3、催化剂投加量0.1 g、H2O20.05 mL、微波功率300 W。在此条件下处理4 min后酸性红B去除率超过99%,说明微波/催化剂/H2O2工艺能够有效去除酸性红B。     

碱性条件下UV/Fe-EDTA/H2O2预处理皮革废水

采用UV/Fe-EDTA/H2O2体系预处理皮革废水,考察了初始pH、反应时间、H2O2和Fe-EDTA投量对COD去除率的影响,测定了处理过程中B/C变化,同时与UV/Fenton法进行了比较.结果表明:UV/Fenton法的最佳工艺条件为FeSO425 mmol/L、H2O2 300mmol/L、pH=5.加入EDTA后,反应的最佳初始pH碱移,UV/Fe-EDTA/H2O2体系于pH为8.0时,反应10 min COD去除率可达51.9%,而pH为5.0时UV/Fenton体系处理10 min后COD去除率仅37.90%.对比降解效果.UV单独作用效果不理想,60 min后COD去除率仅25%.引入UV后,Fenton法处理效果提高,60 min后COD去除率由37.0%提高至59.3%,加入EDTA后最终COD去除率与UV/Fenton法接近.经光照处理的废水B/C呈先降后升趋势,经UV/Fenton处理后,原水B/C由0.3提高至0.35,经UV/Fe-EDTA/H2O2处理的废水最终B/C略有降低.     

UV/Fenton氧化法对苯酚氧化效果的实验研究

研究UV/Fenton氧化法中各个因素对降解水中苯酚的影响,确定UV/Fenton法处理苯酚废水的工艺条件。保持UV/Fenton体系的基准条件不变,通过改变H2O2浓度、n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)、废水初始pH值等实验条件,考察这些因素对UV/Fenton法处理苯酚废水效果的影响。结果表明:UV/Fen-ton氧化法对苯酚废水有较好的去除效果和较高的反应速率。当废水初始pH值为3.0时,经30 min的反应,苯酚去除率达到99%,COD去除率达到86%。但是苯酚废水COD去除率滞后于苯酚去除率。UV/Fenton法能够在较短的时间内去除苯酚和COD,H2O2浓度、n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)对处理效果影响较大,H2O2浓度决定苯酚去除率和COD去除率,而n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)是影响降解速率的主导因素。     

微波辅助ZrOx-ZnO/γ-Al2O3光催化动态降解阿特拉津

开发了基于流化床反应器的微波辅助光催化处理阿特拉津废水工艺及装置,实现了连续运行.以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用表面活性剂辅助水热法制备了ZrOx-ZnO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用于微波辅助光催化动态工艺中;考察了不同因素对微波辅助光催化处理效果的影响.结果表明,对于3 L质量浓度为10mg·L-1的阿特拉津,在进水流量109L·h-1,微波功率400W,紫外光波长254nm、辐射出度3×9.79mW·cm-2,催化剂量150g的条件下,辐照废水60min后阿特拉律去除率达94%.微波辅助光催化法能够有效去除水中阿特扛津并明显拓宽降解的pH适用范围.     

UV/H2O2 Treatment: A Practical Solution for Organic Contaminant Control and Primary Disinfection

PWN's water treatment plant Andijk was commissioned almost 40 years ago. It services water from the IJssel Lake by conventional surface water treatment. In view of taste and odor problems the plant was retrofitted with GAC filtration 25 years ago. The finished water quality still complies with all E.C. and Dutch drinking water standards. Nevertheless an upgrade is desired to avoid the use of chlorine and to extend the barriers against pathogenic micro-organisms and a broad range of organic micropollutants such as pesticides, rocket fuel by-products (NDMA), fuel oxygenates (MTBE), solvents (dioxane), endocrine disruptors, algae toxins, pharmaceuticals, etc. UV/H₂O₂ treatment was selected for both primary disinfection and organic contaminant control. The disinfection requirements were based on a 10^?4 health risk. The required 3 log inactivation for Giardia and Cryptosporidium was achieved by an UV dose lower than 20 mJ/cm². The highest UV dose, 105 mJ/cm², was needed for the inactivation of spores of Sulphite Reducing Clostridia. Reactivation of protozoa was established for UV doses up to 25 mJ/cm², for doses higher than 45 mJ/cm² no reactivation was observed. In view of the raw water concentrations the required organic contaminant degradation was set at 80%. Collimated beam and pilot-plant work showed that the required degradation can be achieved by the proper combination of electric energy and H₂O₂. In a UV reactor optimized for organic contaminant control, UV dose of 540 mJ/cm² (about 0.5 kWh/m³) and 6 mg/L H₂O₂ were needed. Under those conditions pesticides (atrazine), NDMA, MTBE, dioxane, endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A), microcystine and pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, ibuprofen) could be removed up to the required 80%. Bromate formation was absent while formation of primary metabolites was insignificant. The UV dose for organic contaminant control is about five times higher than the dose needed for disinfection. The UV/H₂O₂ process was implemented into the existing treatment train between the sand and GAC filters. In the GAC filters excess H₂O₂ is degraded, nitrite is converted into nitrate and biodegradable reaction products are consumed by bacteria. The full-scale installation with 3 streets of 4 Trojan Swift 16L30 reactors has been in operation since October 2004. Disinfection and organic contaminant control are as expected.     

紫外线和化合氯联合消毒在水厂的应用研究

以南方某水厂的中试和生产紫外消毒装置为基础,考察了紫外和化合氯联合消毒对生物活性炭出水细菌的杀灭效果,对紫外消毒在该水厂的应用效果进行了评价。研究表明,在480 J/m2的剂量下,生物活性炭出水细菌对数去除率可达2.6 lg,但是紫外无持续杀菌作用。水厂的紫外消毒装置总体效果良好,紫外化合氯消毒后出水细菌总数为0,紫外线消毒长时间运行后灭菌效率有所降低;生物活性炭工艺对氯胺消毒副产物有较好的控制效果,紫外消毒未增加氯消毒副产物的生成量。     

Effect of Ozone and GAC Process for the Treatment of Micropollutants and DBPs Control in Drinking Water: Pilot Scale Evaluation

To improve the quality of water supplied to the City of Seoul in Korea, a pilot-scale evaluation of how the conventional treatment process could be upgraded was conducted. Three candidate processes were evaluated and compared: a conventional process (consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration) plus GAC (Train A); a conventional process plus ozone and GAC (Train B); and a process consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, intermediate ozone, sand filtration, and GAC (Train C). Treatment efficiency of the unit process and overall treatment trains were evaluated using several parameters such as turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), micropollutants (pesticides, benzenes, and phenols), disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and aldehydes), and total organic halogen (TOX). Results showed that ozone and/or GAC was effective for removing micropollutants and controlling chlorinated by-products such as THMs and HAAs. However, any synergistic effect of ozonation (adsorption and biodegradation) on GAC was observed due to the low concentration of aldehydes in raw and process water.     

活性炭多维电极法去除水中溶解态腐殖酸研究

本文以活性炭多维电极法，去除水中氯消毒副产物的前驱物－溶解态腐殖酸。文章比较了活性炭多维电极法与活性炭单纯吸附的去除效果，讨论了水样pH值、Ca^2 浓度、外电压、活性炭粒径和加入量对去除效果的影响。     

Fe2+协同H2O2/O3氧化降解水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

采用Fe2+协同H2O2/O3氧化处理水中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP),研究表明Fe2+的存在消除了H2O2对O3的抑制作用,并使H2O2/O3对DMP的去除率大幅提高了31.75％.DMP质量浓度为50 mg/L、初始pH为10、H2O2投加量为0.049 mol/L、O3投加量为1.82 g/h、Fe2+投加量为0...     

长江下游原水臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理效果及有机物特性变化

以长江下游镇江征润洲段为原水,利用中试装置研究臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)组合工艺优化运行及其对有机物特性变化的影响。结果表明:当调整主臭氧投加量为2.5 mg/L时,深度处理工艺对CODMn、NH4^+-N和两类消毒副产物前体物(TTHMFP、THAAFP)的去除率分别为68.5%、86.7%、57.3%和48.9%;同时,从净水过程中有机物特性变化对消毒副产物影响的角度,提出应将强疏水性小分子有机物作为镇江市饮用水处理的控制主体。     

超滤膜技术组合工艺对饮用水氯消毒的生物稳定性试验

以某水库微污染水源水为试验水样,比较了以超滤为核心的不同组合工艺的净水效果,考察了各组合工艺出水氯消毒对异养菌的灭活效果、持续消毒能力,研究了余氯的衰减、消毒副产物的生成以及对水质生物稳定的影响,从生物安全性和化学安全性两个方面对不同超滤组合工艺出水氯消毒安全性进行综合评价。结果表明,混凝沉淀-粉末活性炭-超滤组合工艺具有最佳的净水效果:该工艺能100%的去除水中的细菌总数、大肠杆菌;持续消毒能力强,72 h后水中余氯量为0.5 mg/L,对细菌总数、大肠杆菌的去除率仍为100%,且HPC小于100 CFU/mL,符合生活饮用水卫生标准;消毒副产物的生成量控制在10μg/L以下;出水AOC含量低于100μgac-C/L,符合氯化消毒生物稳定性的要求。     

砂滤前置或后置对消毒副产物生成潜能的影响

采用常规一深度处理工艺处理东太湖原水,对比砂滤前置与后置对各工艺流程出水消毒副产物生成潜能去除效果的影响。研究发现,无论砂滤前置还是后置,生物活性炭工艺对有机物都有着良好的去除效果,整套工艺出水COD和uV。的去除率分别稳定在74．2％～87．1％和75．0％～80．2％。两套工艺对二甲基亚硝胺生成潜能（NDMAFP）的去除效果没有明显差别,出水NDMAFP降低35％～41％。砂滤前置工艺对三卤甲烷生成潜能（THMFP）和卤乙酸生成潜能（HAAFP）的控制效果优于砂滤后置工艺,砂滤前置工艺活性炭单元出水和砂滤后置工艺砂滤单元出水的THMFP分别降低31．0％～37．4％和28．2％～35．3％,HAAFP分别降低20．0％～24．6％和16．3％～23．2％。     

UV/H_2O_2预氧化处理锌镍合金电镀废水的研究

锌镍合金电镀是近10年发展起来的一种新型电镀技术,由于电镀过程添加了大量配位剂及螯合剂,使废水中的锌和镍离子以络合形式存在,无法采用传统的加碱沉淀方式直接处理。研究了UV/H2O2预氧化对这类合金电镀废水的处理效果,分析了UV照射时间、H_2O_2投加量、原水p H以及操作方式对处理效果的影响。结果表明UV/H_2O_2预氧化可以有效地氧化分解合金电镀废水中的络合物,预处理出水经加碱沉淀后,锌和镍的去除率分别可达95.3%、98.7%,达到GB 21900—2008《电镀污染物排放标准》的要求。