含玻璃纤维的梯黑注装混合炸药的研究

本文论述了玻璃纤维在某型号导弹战斗部主装药中的功能与作用。文中还对影响玻璃纤维在装药中发挥作用的因素进行了分析,对两种混合炸药(含玻璃纤维与不含玻璃纤维的注装梯黑炸药)的各种性能进行了对比。     

提高水胶炸药贮存性能简论

1 前言 水胶炸药是七十年代发展起来的一种新型抗水工业炸药。该炸药具有良好的安全、抗水和爆炸性能。但也存在着问题,主要是贮存期比较短,在半年左右便出现了晶析,药水分离、发稀变软,爆炸性能急剧下降等问题。 为了提高炸药的贮存期,兴安化学材料     

B炸药的品种,组成和性能

B炸药是非常重要的军用炸药,广泛用于军事目的。它有许多优点,如生产周期短,生产率较高,比一般压装炸药工序少,操作简便,设备较简单,因此生产成本较低;由于装药时机械作用小,装药温度较低,所以操作安全。为了全面了解B炸药,本文根据国内外资料,把B炸药的组成和性能作一详细介绍,以供B炸药的生产和使用者参考。     

国外工业炸药的研究与发展

简述了国外工业炸药的发展近况,着重介绍了铵油炸药、含水炸药、硝铵炸药和硝甘炸药等工业炸药在技术性能指标和制造工艺等方面所取得的研究进展.指出提高工业炸药的使用安全性和爆炸威力、降低成本并改进综合性能将是今后的主要发展方向.     

工业炸药的现状诼其发展方向

叙述了粉状工业炸药在经济建设听地位及国内外发展近况，介绍了我国工业炸药最新科研成果，提出了粉状工业炸药的发展方向。     

NTO研究的现状

介绍了新品高能低易损炸药3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)的合成与性能和以NTO为基的混合炸药。     

粉状工业炸药的敏化方法

分析了影响粉状炸药起爆的因素；介绍了粉状硝铵炸药的四种敏化方法。认为硝酸铵敏化改性研究是我国粉状炸药的发展方向。     

日本炸药合成及应用近况

介绍了DIPAM和HNS的合成方法及其应用情况。     

熔铸混合炸药用载体炸药评述

介绍了TNT、3号炸药、DNTF、TNAZ、DNAN、DNP等典型熔铸载体炸药的物化性能、爆炸性能、安全性能、结晶和凝固性质铸装质量,分析了作为载体炸药所存在的优点和不足,提出了利用优势克服不足的途径.认为TNT通过改性仍然是熔铸炸药的主要载体炸药;3号炸药具有系统研究的必要;DNTF通过降低冲击波感度和强化结晶控制研...     

一甲胺硝酸盐原料路线的探讨

本文叙述了用硝酸与一甲胺一步法合成一甲胺硝酸盐（ＭＭＡＮ）的工艺路线。通过１８次试验，对纯一甲胺与不同浓度硝酸反应结果进行了比较，找出了最佳反应浓度和最佳反应温度。采用分离母液循环配料的方法使一甲胺与硝酸的总收率达９８％以上，无废液、废气、废渣，为ＭＭＡＮ的生产推出了一条新路。     

DNP/HMX熔铸炸药的流变性能

为了解3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)/HMX悬浮液在不同影响因素下的流变行为,采用Brookfield R/S Plus流变仪对其流变性能进行测试,分析了HMX含量、粒度、颗粒级配、体系温度以及不同添加剂对悬浮液流变性能的影响。结果表明,DNP单质为牛顿流体,表观黏度约为16.4mPa·s,比TNT高82%,比DNAN高140%;同一剪切速率下,DNP/HMX悬浮液表观黏度随固含量的增加而增加,当HMX质量分数为30%时,悬浮液近似牛顿流体;HMX质量分数高于30%时,表观黏度随剪切速率的增加呈指数型下降的趋势愈发明显;悬浮液表观黏度随颗粒粒径的增大和温度的增加而降低,当温度从95℃升到105℃时,黏流活化能(E)从29211J/mol增至38458J/mol;固含量为60%时,平均粒径(d50)分别为16.6μm和575.6μm的HMX颗粒的最佳质量比为1∶5,此时悬浮液表观黏度最小。N-甲基-4-硝基苯胺(MNA)降低了悬浮液的表观黏度,乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)和微晶蜡-80(MV80)增加了悬浮液的表观黏度。     

CL-20含量及其粒度级配对NEPE推进剂燃烧性能的影响

采用静态与水下声发射法测试了CL-20含量及其粒度级配对NEPE推进剂燃速与压强指数的影响;采用DSC与TG-IR联用研究了CL-20对NEPE推进剂热分解行为的影响。结果表明,随着CL-20质量分数由42%增至50%,推进剂燃速与压强指数上升,燃烧效率提高,表明CL-20氧化能力高于GAP/硝酸酯含能黏合剂体系;随着CL-20/HMX、CL-20/Al质量比增高,推进剂燃速上升,燃烧效率上升;CL-20对推进剂燃速和压强指数的贡献高于HMX;随着CL-20/AP质量比增高,CL-20/AP混合体系分解产物氧化能力降低,燃烧反应速率降低,燃速降低;CL-20粒度级配对NEPE推进剂燃烧行为影响显著,当CL-20的粒径(d50)在5~50μm时,随着细粒度CL-20含量增高,推进剂燃速与燃速压强指数下降;当体系中存在超细粒度CL-20(d50=500nm)时,推进剂燃速与燃速压强指数随着超细粒度CL-20含量的增加而有所增加,4种粒度CL-20对NEPE推进剂燃速的贡献顺序为:粗粒度>中粒度>超细粒度>细粒度。     

聚奥-X传爆药的研究

聚奥－Ｘ是以ＨＭＸ为基的新型传爆药，其特点是感度高而可调，药柱弹性变形小，是目前ＨＭＸ类传爆药中综合性能是好的一种。本文重点论述了聚奥－Ｘ工艺研究中原料的粒度、粒度级配与冲击波感度的关系。     

Thermal Sensitivity of HMX Crystals and HMX‐Based Explosives Treated under Various Conditions

The Five‐Second Explosion Point (5‐SEP) tests and the SEM detections in this research showed that the HMX crystals and the HMX‐based explosives treated under different conditions can possess different thermal sensitivities. That is to say, higher impurity, smaller granularity, and worse integrity of HMX crystals can make them more thermally sensitive. The addition of metal or metal oxide particles, especially nanoparticles to HMX can also enhance its thermal sensitivity. Meanwhile, coating of HMX crystals with polymers to form perfect PBX and to keep them undamaged are helpful to decrease their thermal sensitivity. Furthermore, the thermal sensitivity of temperature‐aged HMX changes differently in terms of the integrity of its particles. Therefore, it can be concluded that conditions which increase the surface energy of HMX crystals or which make the HMX molecules more active to decompose at lower temperature will increase the thermal sensitivity of HMX. Additionally, the variation in the thermal sensitivity of HMX treated under different conditions is generally more temperate than that of its mechanical sensitivity.     

改性双基推进剂主要组分的高压热分解特性

利用高压差示扫描量热仪测试了改性双基推进剂常用的ＮＣ、ＮＧ、ＲＤＸ、ＨＭＸ等几种主要组分在常压及不同压力下的热分解行为,揭示了它们的热分解行为与压力的关系,并进一步分析探讨了各组分对推进剂燃烧性能的影响。     

Preparation and Properties of HMX Coated with a Composite of TNT/Energetic Material

To improve the safety of HMX without sacrificing energy properties, the composites of TNT and an energetic material (HP‐1) were used to coat HMX particles by a method of integrating solvent–nonsolvent with aqueous suspension‐melting. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry) were employed to characterize the samples. The effect of the processing parameters, such as mass ratio of HP‐1 to TNT (MRHT), stirring speed, and cooling rate, on the quality of coated samples were investigated and discussed. The mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, thermal decomposition characteristic, and heat of detonation of raw and coated HMX samples were also measured and contrasted. Results show that when MRHT, stirring speed in the second stage and cooling rate are 1 : 5, 1000 r⋅min⁻¹ and 5 °C⋅min⁻¹ respectively, the optimal coating effect is achieved. Compared with that of raw HMX, both impact and friction sensitivity of HMX coated with 2.5 wt.‐% TNT and 0.5 wt.‐% HP‐1 decrease obviously, whereas there is a slight change in their thermal sensitivity and thermal decomposition characteristics. Meanwhile, such surface coating does not result in the decrease of its energy properties.     

RDX和HMX晶体压制方程的对比研究

分别选取经过不同重结晶工艺处理的RDX和HMX晶体和一种工业级原料颗粒样品进行准静态压制实验，由实验应力／位移曲线获得压制曲线，采用Kawakita和Heckel方程对压制曲线进行拟合。结果表明，拟合所得的常数具有模量倒数量纲，能区分重结晶和原料样品，用作含能晶体品质评价的定量参数。比较两个压制方程的模拟情况，对RDX颗粒两个方程均拟合得很好，而对HMX颗粒存在一定的误差，尤其是Heckel方程误差较大。选取压制过程的形变破碎阶段的数据所得结果其区分度有明显提高，同时两个方程的拟合情况均得到明显改善。对于含能材料颗粒，Kawakita方程更合适。     

Study of Thermal Reactivity and Kinetics of HMX and Its PBX by Different Methods

Vacuum Stability Test (VST) was used to determine the thermal behavior and kinetic parameters of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and its mixture with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as a binder coded as HMX/HTPB.Model fitting and isoconversional method were applied to determine the kinetic parameters based on VST results.For comparison,non-isothermal thermogravimetry analysis data (TGA) was also used to calculate the kinetic parameters by using Kissinger,OFW (Ozawa,Flynn,and Wall) and KAS (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose) methods.Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solution (AKTS) software was also used to determine the decomposition kinetics of the studied samples.Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was employed to determine the decomposition heat flow properties of the studied samples.Results show that the activation energies obtained using VST results is 360.1kJ/ mol for pure HMX and 186.9kJ /mol for HMX/HTPB.The activation energies obtained by the three different methods using TGA results are in the range of 360-368kJ/mol for pure HMX and 190-206kJ/mol for HMX/HTPB.It is concluded that values of kinetic parameters obtained by VST are close to that obtained by the different techniques using TG/DTG results.The onset decomposition peak of HMX/HTPB is lower than that of HMX where the HTPB binder has negative effect on the thermal stability of HMX.The results of all the applied techniques prove that HMX/HTPB has lower activation energy and heat release than the pure HMX.HTPB polymeric matrix has negative effect on the kinetic parameters of HMX.     

包覆奥克托今颗粒的燃烧性能

采用聚合物材料和一些键合剂对ＨＭＸ表面进行了包覆,并研究了包覆材料对ＨＭＸ燃烧性能的影响,试验表明,聚合物材料将降低度系数而不盼子键合剂对ＨＭＸ燃性能的影响不大。     

Modeling the Anisotropic Deformation Response of β‐HMX Molecular Crystals

In this paper, we develop a computational model for the anisotropic plastic response of β‐HMX molecular crystals based upon experimental data. While phenomenological models of β‐HMX currently exist, they are inadequate as they cannot account for the orientation dependence of the observed response. The proposed model, on the other hand, successfully predicts the experimentally observed highly anisotropic and orientation dependent yield surfaces of β‐HMX molecular crystals having different crystal orientations. The model also correctly predicts the anisotropic plastic yielding of β‐HMX under uniaxial compression at different temperatures along different crystallographic directions. The model presented in this paper may be extended to predict the yielding and elastic–plastic deformation of other energetic molecular crystals.