尿素装置的腐蚀类型及影响因素刍议

简述了尿素装置在生产过程中产生的均匀腐蚀、点蚀、缝隙腐蚀、选择性腐蚀、应力腐蚀、疲劳腐蚀等6种腐蚀形态,从工艺介质、水质、生产操作、工艺指标等方面分析了产生腐蚀的原因,提出了减缓腐蚀的相关措施.     

船体材料腐蚀与防护措施的研究进展

对船体材料在海洋环境中受到的主要腐蚀类型及其腐蚀机理进行了综述,重点包括化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀、空泡腐蚀及海洋生物腐蚀等方面。然后,通过对腐蚀机理及耐蚀环境的分析,分别从耐蚀材料的选择、表面改性技术的应用、涂层保护材料的发展、阴极保护及防污涂料的应用等影响方面,综合阐述了目前我国船体材料防护措施的发展方向及未来重点研究的领域。     

寸常压装置腐蚀与防护的探讨

对含硫原油的加工过程中常见且腐蚀严重的低温轻油部位腐蚀、湿硫化氢腐蚀、高温硫腐蚀多种腐蚀类型、腐蚀介质的形成过程、腐蚀状况、腐蚀机理,以及采取的工艺和材料防腐蚀措施进行了论述。同时对硫酸露点腐蚀和连多硫酸应力腐蚀开裂两种特殊的腐蚀类型,也从腐蚀机理和防腐蚀措施方面作了介绍。     

对常压装置腐蚀与防护的探讨

对含硫原油的加工过程中常见且腐蚀严重的低温轻油部位腐蚀、湿硫化氢腐蚀、高温硫腐蚀多种腐蚀类型、腐蚀介质的形成过程、腐蚀状况、腐蚀机理,以及采取的工艺和材料防腐蚀措施进行了论述。同时对硫酸露点腐蚀和连多硫酸应力腐蚀开裂两种特殊的腐蚀类型,也从腐蚀机理和防腐蚀措施方面作了介绍。     

炼油厂设备的腐蚀情况及防治措施分析

炼油厂设备的腐蚀情况既普遍又难免,它严重威胁着企业和人民生命财产的安全,在一定程度上阻碍了炼油企业的发展。为了改善这种状况,本文在炼油厂设备腐蚀的机理因素方面,对硫化物腐蚀、环烷酸腐蚀、氢腐蚀机理因素进行了探讨;在炼油厂设备腐蚀的常见部位方面,对设备装置的低温部位等四种情况进行了分析;在炼油厂设备的防腐措施方面,提出了从炼油设备的制作材料、炼油厂的设备防腐、对设备进行监测和评估三项措施。     

国产消防车常见的腐蚀形式与防护措施

对消防车常见的腐蚀形式——点腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀和电偶腐蚀进行了介绍。从耐蚀材料的选择、消防车的腐蚀防护设计及其涂装等方面探讨了消防车的防腐方式。对消防车的维护与保养方法（包括防尘、防潮、缓蚀剂的使用等方面）进行了说明。     

炼油厂胺液脱硫再生系统腐蚀调查

介绍了胜利炼油厂主要胺液脱硫再生系统的腐蚀情况,分析了造成腐蚀的主要原因,并从选材、制造、工艺操作和腐蚀监检测等方面提出了腐蚀防护措施。     

40CrNiMo钢回火后显微组织的腐蚀工艺研究

针对回火之后的40CrNiMo钢,采用了不同的腐蚀制度.回火之后,为了得到良好清晰的微观组织,分别采用化学腐蚀和电解腐蚀的方法对磨抛好的件进行腐蚀.在化学腐蚀方面:用光学显微镜(OM)观察了4％、5％、6％的硝酸酒精溶液以及3％的三氯化铁加10％的盐酸水溶液腐蚀之后40CrNiMo的微观组织;在电解腐蚀方面:探究了10...     

克劳斯硫磺回收装置设备腐蚀分析及对策

硫磺回收装置的腐蚀是炼油企业面临的普遍性问题,文章探讨了硫磺回收装置中存在的高温硫腐蚀、氢腐蚀、低温H2S腐蚀、低温SO,露点腐蚀、低温SO：露点腐蚀、RNH：（乙醇胺）-CO2-H2S—H2O腐蚀等主要的腐蚀形态,并分析了各种腐蚀形态对应的腐蚀机理,且在工艺和设备方面提出了有针对性的防腐蚀措施。     

埋地油气管道腐蚀原因分析及对策探讨

本文从内腐蚀、外腐蚀以及化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀、细菌腐蚀等方面对埋地油气管道腐蚀原因进行了分析,根据工作经验及现行标准规范总结了腐蚀防护对策或技术标准要求,为管道完整性管理提供参考。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.