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<正> 氟碳表面活性剂是一种特殊的表面活性剂,它和碳氢表面活性剂一样,也是由亲水基团和憎水基团两部份组成,只不过憎水基团的碳氢链为氟碳链所代替。由于氟碳链具有极强的疏水性及比较低的分子内聚力,因而其表面活性剂水溶液在很低浓度下呈现高表面活性。一般碳氢表面活性剂水溶液表面 相似文献
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Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Gemini表面活性剂是一类新型的双亲水基双疏水基的两亲表面活性剂,其独特的结构使其具有许多特殊性质和良好性能。综述了Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展、合成概况以及物化性质的研究。 相似文献
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油酸酰胺基二苯醚双磺酸钠的合成及表面活性测定 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:5
以对硝基二苯醚、油酸酰氯、氯磺酸为主要原料,通过硝基还原反应、胺基酰化反应、磺化反应,合成了双子表面活性剂油酸酰胺基二苯醚双磺酸钠;并用IR,1HNMR,MS对产品及中间体结构进行了表征。测定了其水溶液表面活性和临界胶束浓度(CMC),结果表明,其CMC(2 14mmol/L)低于传统的单疏水基单亲水基型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),并具有较高的活性,其水溶液表面张力可降至34 0mN/m。 相似文献
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刘德明 《中国洗涤用品工业》2006,(2)
1.表面活性剂的构成、一般性质和用途
众所周知,肥皂、合成洗涤剂及一切洗涤清洁用品的分子都是由亲水基(极性基)和憎水基(非极性基)两部分构成,表面活性剂就是具有这样分子结构的一类物质.一切固、液洗涤用品中起决定作用的成份都是表面活性剂. 相似文献
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所有表面活性剂都具有两性特性的分子构型,那就是它们的分子有一个亲水基与一个相平衡的疏水基。后者常由一个长链的碳氢化合物构成。表面活性剂的特有性质就是分子中的这种相反的两重性。例如,当表面活性剂溶于水时,其分子吸附于表面或界面,并按规则排列,结果是亲水基吸附于水相使疏水基远离液体表面,这样出现了一个聚集分子的吸附层。如果表 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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杀虫磺缓释剂杀钉螺试验报告 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杀虫磺缓释剂浸杀成螺、幼螺、螺卵效果好,现场应用缓释片63克/米^2,半年后活螺平均密度下降93.2%,春季施药1次,可达到控制当年钉螺的扩散。 相似文献
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为实时监控化学-酶法制备氰氟草酯反应过程,建立了一种该体系中氰氟草酯的RP-HPLC的检测方法。采用SymmetryC18柱(5μm,4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm),以V(甲醇)∶V(水)=80∶20为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为282 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。氰氟草酯在5.0~1000.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数达到0.9999,检出限为1.0 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.58%(n=5),加标回收率在92.3%~101.5%之间。 相似文献