2006～2007年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2006年7月～2007年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2006～2007年世界塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

知识创新是工业尿素合成技术创新之本——实验室研究篇

对国内外研究者在尿素合成反应的热力学、动力学、化学平衡及相平衡等方面的研究成果进行了总结和评价,提供了尿素合成反应的热力学、动力学数据和相图,提出了一些新理念.     

加压稀硝"三合一"主机修理小结

我公司年产80 kt加压稀硝装置是国内首例完全国产化装置,其"三合一"主机的汽轮机、减速机由杭汽制造,空压机、膨胀机由陕鼓生产.自1986年装置建成投运以来,每年检修都发现机组气封严重磨损,机壳与转子不同心.为此,公司利用2006年11月大修和2007年7月停车机会对机组进行了全面整修,以期从根本上消除存在的问题.     

夹层粘接在大型机床导轨修理中的应用

1 "夹层粘接"新工艺 "夹层粘接"是作者经多年研究、开发的一种新技术,在设备大修理工作中,对于严重摩擦磨损的机床导轨,采用独特的"夹层粘接"工艺,以夹布塑料为加厚层,填充F4为表面耐磨层,使机床导轨恢复了原有的精度和尺寸要求,缩短了修理时间,减轻了劳动强度,节约了修理费用,取得了显著的综合效益.     

中国工程塑料市场综述(下)

4.3 聚碳酸酯海关进出口分析 1999～2006年间PC进口量年均增长27.91%,比1998～2005年间PC进口量年均增长率31.27%下降3.36个百分点.国内产量偏低、市场需求巨大的现状进一步暴露.中国PC消费主要依靠进口,2006年中国产量仅占总消费量的10%上下.1999～2006年间PC进口量年均增长27.91%,比1998～2005年间Pc进口量年均增长率36.68%下降3.36个百分点.2006年初级形状的聚碳酸酯进口地有45个,主要进口地为泰国(占16.49%),其次为中国(12.86%)、新加坡(11.50%)、美国(10.95%)、日本(10.65%)、韩国(9.81%)、中国台湾省(9.50%)、西班牙(7.46%),八进口地进口量占总进口量的89.2%.     

意大利ES公司变频器进入中国市场

3月11日,"意科走进中国"新闻发布会在京举行,与来自冶金、石化、电力、建材、水处理、纺织、市政等行业的专家、用户及十几家业内知名的媒体共同分享了意科公司的发展历程,意科变频器的创新标准以及意科在奥运年全面推向中国市场的决心和计划.     

工业评述2001～2002年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2001年7月到2002年6月有关国外塑料工业的相关期刊资料,介绍了2001年到2002年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界各地域塑料原材料的产量及构成比,日本、美国、加拿大、德国、法国、比利时、墨西哥、芬兰、西班牙等国家的树脂产量、消费量及增长率,以及日本、西欧、北美等地区的不同品种塑料原料消费量和增长率统计.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等有关技术作了详细的介绍.     

骨胶生产中蒸骨制胶操作方法

1 对蒸骨制胶过程的认识 蒸骨制胶的过程也就是用蒸汽使骨料块在密封的锅内受热、受压,使骨质疏松,由生胶质热解转变为可溶解于热水的动物胶质(习惯上称之为"骨胶")的过程.     

合成TBHQ的工艺改进

研究了以工业品甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)和对苯二酚(HQ)为原料,在磷酸催化下,合成TBHQ的工艺参数.对催化剂的活性、原料的配比和反应时间等进行了优化考察.当对苯二酚∶甲基叔丁基醚∶磷酸=1∶1∶0.5(mol),反应温度为125℃,反应时间3.5h,TBHQ的收率达85.7%.与传统方法相比,该方法具有价廉、操作简单的特点,具有较高的开发、应用价值.用MTBE作原料合成TBHQ未见有关文献具体报道.     

湖光山色清新隽永——访江西省高级工艺美术师杨修勇

在我的办公桌上,放着一把<井岗山八角楼>粉彩山水壶,每当我空闲时,总喜欢拿在手中把玩,这件小小的山水壶虽不能展现气势豪雄的大写意山水画面,也不可能真正达到烟云满纸的效果,但细腻的工笔,雅静的画意给人一种清心的感觉和享受.     

DIMBOA Glucoside, a Wheat Chemical Defense, Affects Host Acceptance and Suitability of Sitobion avenae to the Cereal Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi

The influence of hydroxamic acids (Hx), plant secondary metabolites associated with aphid resistance in wheat, on the host acceptance and suitability of the aphid Sitobion avenae to the cereal aphid parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi was evaluated. Aphids showed a reduction in mean relative growth rate and in body size in the wheat cultivar with higher Hx level. Reduction in aphid size was related to a decreased success in avoiding parasitoid oviposition. A minor increase in A. rhopalosiphi developmental time was observed in aphids feeding on the higher Hx cultivar. Experiments with different concentrations of DIMBOA glucoside, the main Hx in wheat, in artificial diets showed an increase in parasitoid developmental time at the highest concentration, with no change in other performance variables. The evidence is discussed in relation to the compatible utilization of host-plant resistance and biological control in integrated pest management.     

宝钢转炉钢包用耐火材料的现状及发展趋势

综述了宝钢转炉钢包用耐火材料的变化过程及使用现状 ,重点介绍了近年来宝钢在钢包耐火材料使用上的一些技术进步 ,提出了存在的问题及对策 ,展望了今后宝钢转炉钢包的发展方向。     

Influence of water immersion on the single-lap shear strength of aluminum joints bonded with aluminum-powder-filled epoxy adhesive

Durability of adhesively-bonded aluminum joints was investigated by measuring the joint strength using the single-lap shear test before and after exposure to distilled water and seawater. Fractured specimens were examined by photography and scanning electron microscopy to determine the failure modes. Addition of Al particles as much as 50 wt% did not cause any significant decrease in adhesive joint strength. Moreover, varying the Al filler content in the adhesive did not have a significant effect on adhesive behavior in either of the two environments studied. The unexposed adhesive joints failed almost completely in a cohesive (in the adhesive) failure mode. Some decrease in strength was observed in adhesive joints after exposure to both distilled water and seawater for 6 months. The decrease in adhesive joint strength was more significant for specimens immersed in distilled water than those immersed in seawater, probably due to the higher amount of moisture in the adhesive in distilled water than in seawater, as observed in a related moisture diffusion study. The joints exposed to distilled water or sea water failed in more than one mode. The interior part of the adhesive lap area failed in a cohesive mode while an adhesion failure mode was observed near the edges of the adhesive lap area, which is believed to be a result of moisture diffusion through the edges.     

苯酚在浊点萃取中凝聚层相的增溶规律

采用分光光度法测定了苯酚在非离子表面活性剂单相胶束溶液中和在非离子表面活性剂两相浊点萃取时凝聚层相中的增溶结果.实验表明：溶质在凝聚层相的增溶与表面活性剂形成胶束的结构有关.当凝聚层相的表面活性剂形成正相胶束时,溶质在凝聚层相的增溶规律和在表面活性剂胶束溶液中的增溶规律一致;当凝聚层相的表面活性剂形成反相胶束时,溶质在凝聚层相和在溶液相的浓度关系可理解为在这两种溶剂之间的分配随着凝聚层相的含水率逐渐降低趋近于一定值,溶质的分配系数也趋近于一定值.     

Secondary Plant Products Causing Photosensitization in Grazing Herbivores: Their Structure,Activity and Regulation

Photosensitivity in animals is defined as a severe dermatitis that results from a heightened reactivity of skin cells and associated dermal tissues upon their exposure to sunlight, following ingestion or contact with UV reactive secondary plant products. Photosensitivity occurs in animal cells as a reaction that is mediated by a light absorbing molecule, specifically in this case a plant-produced metabolite that is heterocyclic or polyphenolic. In sensitive animals, this reaction is most severe in non-pigmented skin which has the least protection from UV or visible light exposure. Photosensitization in a biological system such as the epidermis is an oxidative or other chemical change in a molecule in response to light-induced excitation of endogenous or exogenously-delivered molecules within the tissue. Photo-oxidation can also occur in the plant itself, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, free radical damage and eventual DNA degradation. Similar cellular changes occur in affected herbivores and are associated with an accumulation of photodynamic molecules in the affected dermal tissues or circulatory system of the herbivore. Recent advances in our ability to identify and detect secondary products at trace levels in the plant and surrounding environment, or in organisms that ingest plants, have provided additional evidence for the role of secondary metabolites in photosensitization of grazing herbivores. This review outlines the role of unique secondary products produced by higher plants in the animal photosensitization process, describes their chemistry and localization in the plant as well as impacts of the environment upon their production, discusses their direct and indirect effects on associated animal systems and presents several examples of well-characterized plant photosensitization in animal systems.     

精-异丙甲草胺在大豆及土壤中的残留动态

为了评价精-异丙甲草胺在大豆上的残留动态及环境安全性,在天津、吉林两地同时进行了精-异丙甲草胺在大豆上的残留动态试验.结果表明,天津地区精-异丙甲草胺在大豆植株中的半衰期为19.1 d,在土壤中的半衰期为27.9 d;吉林地区精-异丙甲草胺在大豆植株中的半衰期为21.4 d,在土壤中的半衰期为34.1 d.收获的大豆籽粒中精-异丙甲草胺最终残留量均为未检出.     

The Importance of Alpha-Actinin Proteins in Platelet Formation and Function,and Their Causative Role in Congenital Macrothrombocytopenia

The actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in platelet formation and function. Alpha-actinins (actinins) are actin filament crosslinking proteins that are prominently expressed in platelets and have been studied in relation to their role in platelet activation since the 1970s. However, within the past decade, several groups have described mutations in ACTN1/actinin-1 that cause congenital macrothrombocytopenia (CMTP)—accounting for approximately 5% of all cases of this condition. These findings are suggestive of potentially novel functions for actinins in platelet formation from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and/or platelet maturation in circulation. Here, we review some recent insights into the well-known functions of actinins in platelet activation before considering possible roles for actinins in platelet formation that could explain their association with CMTP. We describe what is known about the consequences of CMTP-linked mutations on actinin-1 function at a molecular and cellular level and speculate how these changes might lead to the alterations in platelet count and morphology observed in CMTP patients. Finally, we outline some unanswered questions in this area and how they might be addressed in future studies.     

2001年世界化学工业

2 0 0 1年世界经济增长减缓 ,下半年更是陷入困境。全球化工生产总产值为 1 5 650亿欧元 ,比 2 0 0 0年下降 0 4% ,美国、欧盟、日本的化工总产值分别占整个化工产业比重的 30 42 %、31 1 8%、1 5 1 4 %。美国化工及相关产品生产比上年下降0 7% ,加拿大也出现下降 ;日本下降 3 1 % (不包括医药 ) ;而西欧的增长率从 2 0 0 0年的 4 6 %减少为 1 1 % ;俄罗斯增加了 8% ,高于工业总体增长水平 ;东欧的生产与出口都保持增长 ,而亚洲则面临困难。     

Theanine,Antistress Amino Acid in Tea Leaves,Causes Hippocampal Metabolic Changes and Antidepressant Effects in Stress-Loaded Mice

By comprehensively measuring changes in metabolites in the hippocampus of stress-loaded mice, we investigated the reasons for stress vulnerability and the effect of theanine, i.e., an abundant amino acid in tea leaves, on the metabolism. Stress sensitivity was higher in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) mice than in normal ddY mice when these mice were loaded with stress on the basis of territorial consciousness in males. Group housing was used as the low-stress condition reference. Among the statistically altered metabolites, depression-related kynurenine and excitability-related histamine were significantly higher in SAMP10 mice than in ddY mice. In contrast, carnosine, which has antidepressant-like activity, and ornithine, which has antistress effects, were significantly lower in SAMP10 mice than in ddY mice. The ingestion of theanine, an excellent antistress amino acid, modulated the levels of kynurenine, histamine, and carnosine only in the stress-loaded SAMP10 mice and not in the group-housing mice. Depression-like behavior was suppressed in mice that had ingested theanine only under stress loading. Taken together, changes in these metabolites, such as kynurenine, histamine, carnosine, and ornithine, were suggested to be associated with the stress vulnerability and depression-like behavior of stressed SAMP10 mice. It was also shown that theanine action appears in the metabolism of mice only under stress loading.     

咪鲜胺在粤浙两地水稻和土壤中残留动态

为了评价咪鲜胺在水稻上使用后的残留动态及环境安全性，在广东、浙江两地同时进行了咪鲜胺在水稻上的残留动态试验。结果表明：在广东地区，咪鲜胺在植株中的半衰期为2．59d，在土壤中的半衰期为2．46d，在稻田水的半衰期为0．46d；在浙江地区，咪鲜胺在植株中的半衰期为3．08d，在土壤中的半衰期为1．89d，在稻田水的半衰期为1．52d。收获的水稻糙米中咪鲜胺最终残留量均低于0．5mg／kg。