用超临界CO_2萃取技术从穿山龙中提取薯蓣皂甙元

采用超临界CO2流体萃取技术从穿山龙中提取薯蓣皂甙元,对提取工艺、条件进行了研究。选择穿山龙水解物粒度为40目,夹带剂为体积分数95%的乙醇,通过正交实验确定了萃取压力35 MPa、萃取温度55℃、CO2流量40~45 kg/h和提取时间3.0 h,粗品薯蓣皂甙元的提取率为4.44%,粗品中薯蓣皂甙元的质量分数为w(薯蓣皂甙元)=54.65%。     

超临界CO_2提取黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元

提取黄姜皂甙元的传统工艺是以120#汽油作溶剂,存在环境污染、生产安全隐患及溶剂残留等问题;超临界CO2提取技术是解决上述弊病的有效途径,但工艺条件及对皂甙元产品的影响还未知。该文采用单因素实验方法,考察了夹带剂、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力及解析温度对黄姜皂素得率的影响,并以正交实验考察了超临界CO2提取黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的最佳工艺条件:以体积分数95%的乙醇作夹带剂,提取时间3 h、萃取压力20MPa、萃取温度60℃、解析温度50℃;各工艺参数对提取效果的影响排序为:提取时间>萃取温度>萃取压力>解析温度。最佳工艺条件下皂素得率可达19.35%,同传统工艺(得率为15.6%)相比增加了24%,且产品溶剂残留少,熔点高。     

超临界CO2萃取烟草中茄尼醇的工艺研究

以烟草为原料,研究了超临界CO2萃取烟草中茄尼醇的过程。考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO2流量以及夹带剂浓度和流量等因素对茄尼醇质量收率的影响,并得到了萃取茄尼醇的适宜工艺条件：萃取压力25-35MPa,萃取温度35～45℃,CO2流量2．0～3．0L·min^-1,夹带剂85％乙醇,夹带剂流量0．25～0．35mL·min^-1,萃取时间2h。     

超临界CO2萃取β-胡萝卜素的工艺研究

对超临界CO2萃取胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素的工艺进行了实验研究.用L9(34)正交实验研究了萃取压力、CO2流量、原料粒径、萃取温度等因素对萃取效果的影响,且对夹带剂的用量进行了研究与探讨.实验结果表明,4个因素中对提取率影响大小依次为压力＞流量＞粒径＞温度,适宜的超临界萃取条件为萃取压力40 MPa,CO2流量10kg·h,原料粒径为40目,萃取温度40℃,此条件下的提取率为30.25×104.夹带剂可明显提高萃取率,适宜的夹带剂添加量为40 mL.此外还将超临界萃取与有机溶剂提取进行了比较,效果均优于有机溶剂.     

超临界CO_2萃取烟草中茄尼醇的工艺条件优化

采用超临界CO2萃取烟草中的茄尼醇,以茄尼醇的质量收率为考察指标,以萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间、夹带剂浓度、夹带剂流量为考察因素进行正交实验,优选最佳的萃取工艺条件。最佳的萃取工艺条件为:萃取温度40℃,萃取压力35MPa,萃取时间2h,夹带剂无水乙醇,夹带剂流量0.3mL·min-1。在此实验条件下,茄尼醇的平均质量收率为0.8288%。     

超临界CO_2萃取香椿叶总黄酮

正交实验法优化了超临界CO2萃取香椿叶总黄酮的工艺。在原料50 g,分离室Ⅰ温度35℃、压力7 MPa;分离室Ⅱ温度35℃、压力与储罐平衡条件下,超临界CO2萃取香椿叶中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5 h,夹带剂用量为3 mL/g原料,CO2流量35 L/h,提取5次,前2次用无水乙醇、后3次用体积分数为85%的乙醇做夹带剂。在此条件下1 g香椿叶中提取的总黄酮质量为8.8369 mg,总萃取率为51.06%,提取物以总黄酮计的清除2,2-二苯代苦味酰基苯肼基(DPPH)自由基的IC50为5.080 g.g-1。     

超临界CO2萃取西藏红景天有效成分的工艺研究

以西藏红景天根茎为原料,通过单因素与正交实验探讨了西藏红景天有效成分的超临界CO2萃取工艺.结果表明,超临界CO2萃取西藏红景天影响因素次序为夹带剂体积分数＞萃取温度＞萃取压力＞萃取时间.最佳萃取工艺条件为:夹带剂体积分数85%,萃取温度55℃,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取时间2 h.此条件下红景天萃取物得率为5.65%.     

超临界CO2萃取八月瓜果皮中齐墩果酸条件优化

采用超临界CO2萃取技术从八月瓜果皮中萃取齐墩果酸,采用单因素试验和正交试验分析了无水乙醇(夹带剂)添加比例、原料粉碎细度、萃取温度和萃取压力对萃取得率的影响,确定了萃取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:利用超临界CO2萃取八月瓜果皮中齐墩果酸的最佳工艺条件为固液比(乙醇添加比例)1:2.5、原料细度100目、萃取温度45℃、萃取压力35MPa,此条件下齐墩果酸萃取得率为0.184%。     

红薯叶中黄酮类化合物的超临界提取研究

研究了超临界流体萃取红薯叶总黄酮的影响因素,并对生产工艺进行了优化设计。在单因素试验和正交试验的基础上,得到了红薯叶的超临界萃取工艺的最优化条件：萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度50℃,夹带剂为80%乙醇,夹带剂用量为原料质量的50%,萃取时间150 min,CO2流量15 L/h。在此工艺条件下,黄酮得率为6.25%。     

超亚临界态CO2萃取除虫菊酯浸膏的研究

采用超亚临界态CO2 萃取技术 ,从除虫菊花中提取了除虫菊酯浸膏 ,通过正交试验方法得优化萃取工艺条件为 :萃取压力 2 0MPa ,萃取温度 2 5℃ ,CO2 气速 10 0HL/h ;研究了在用水作夹带剂的作用下对提取效果的影响 ,实验表明夹带剂可以增强萃取效果     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

船舶柴油机涡轮增压器的清洗

采用喷射清洗剂的方法，清洗涡轮叶片积炭。     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。     

Generalization of vdW type of equations of state

1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows