Crystallization of JBW, CAN, SOD and ABW type zeolite from transformation of meta-kaolin

The crystallization of low silica zeolites, including JBW, CAN, SOD and Li-ABW was investigated on the hydrothermal transformation of China meta-kaolin in alkaline medium at 473 K, and characterized with XRD, SEM and ²⁹Si MAS NMR. The significant influence of the inorganic additives on the products formed was observed. The crystallization process of JBW zeolite with high crystallinity from the transformation of zeolite A, which formed in a short period of the initial reaction stage, was observed in the reactant of meta-kaolin in NaOH solution. CAN and SOD zeolite crystallized in the reactant containing K⁺ and Na⁺ in the presence of additional nitrate and halide, respectively. A phase transformation of SOD into CAN took place during the synthesis. Li-ABW formed in the reactant with LiOH medium.     

高岭土原位晶化中物料迁移研究

原位晶化工艺就是利用偏高岭土和高岭土中具有化学反应活性的SiO₂和Al₂O₃,作为合成NaY分子筛的硅源和铝源,在碱性条件下水热合成Y型分子筛。通过对碱抽提高岭土组分特性变化的研究,对原位晶化过程中的物料迁移进行了探讨。研究表明,晶化开始时,固相中的活性SiO₂和Al₂O₃快速向液相中迁移,但氧化钠却由液相向固相迁移;随着晶化时间的延长,液相中的硅、铝和钠逐渐减少。     

以酸解正硅酸乙酯为硅源合成ZSM-5分子筛的过程调控

正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）作为合成ZSM-5分子筛的常用硅源,其在不同酸碱介质中水解的前驱体聚合状态对ZSM-5分子筛的粒径和孔径分布具有调控作用。以酸性介质TEOS水解缩合的前驱体为硅源,在水热条件下合成ZSM-5分子筛,并利用XRD、SEM、BET、FI-IR等方法对反应不同阶段的样品进行表征分析。主要考察了水解程度、水解时间、合成过程的pH、晶化温度、晶化时间及模板剂用量对ZSM-5分子筛合成过程的调控,结果表明：以乙醇为共溶剂,以TEOS在硫酸介质pH=2.0时水解20 h的前驱体为硅源,水热合成过程中加入模板剂四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）,铝源为氢氧化铝,180 ℃晶化30 h合成了粒径约为200 nm的ZSM-5分子筛,其比表面积提高了35.6%,平均孔径降低了48.6%。     

不同形貌ZSM-5分子筛合成及烯烃裂解反应性能

在ZSM-5分子筛制备过程中,通过控制成核过程中的动力学过程、晶体生长过程和转化活能,可以调节晶体的形貌和尺寸。本文调节体系合成条件,包括成核时间、投料比例、投料类型和晶化温度等因素探讨了分子筛形貌变化。同时对不同分子筛材料进行XRD、SEM、N_2物理吸附-脱附等表征,探究合成动力学对分子筛形貌和特性的影响。结果发现,(1)延长老化时间将导致分子筛的均匀分散;(2)只有适当的初始凝胶溶液的碱度可以得到典型分子筛晶体;(3)反应温度及硅源类型显著影响晶体生长,影响粒子的大小和形态;(4)不同尺寸晶体在碳四烯烃催化裂解制丙烯反应中催化性能不同,其中小颗粒分子筛具有更好的催化裂解活性及活性稳定性。     

ZSM-35沸石原位固相转化法合成过程控制

以乙二胺(EDA)为模板剂,采用原位固相转化法合成了ZSM-35沸石,并通过XRD对沸石晶化过程中的影响因素和晶化机理作了详细考察。结果表明,制备ZSM-35沸石适宜的硅铝摩尔比为21n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)37;Na+与模板剂EDA协同作用,共同对ZSM-35沸石起着结构导向作用;延长晶化时间,ZSM-35沸石容易向ZSM-5沸石转晶,合成ZSM-35沸石合适的晶化时间为14～21 h。对晶化机理的考察表明ZSM-35沸石的合成过程具有固相机理的特征,并且由于ZSM-35沸石与ZSM-5沸石具有相同的次级结构单元,在晶化过程中容易发生转晶。     

SYNTHESIS OF WELL-CRYSTALLIZED ZEOLITE BETA AT LARGE SCALE AND ITS INCORPORATION INTO POLYSULFONE MATRIX FOR GAS SEPARATION

Using a silica source with high specific surface area, aluminum zeolite beta was successfully synthesized in a very short crystallization period through the conventional hydrothermal route. The obtained materials were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, FESEM, EDS, TGA/DTG, and N₂ adsorption/desorption techniques. It is found that the well-crystallized zeolite beta can be rapidly synthesized at 170°C in 9 h and the highly porous silica source used could be completely converted into zeolite beta. No difference results from the silica source used. Moreover, through this synthesis route, it is also possible to conveniently obtain zeolite beta at high yield for manufacturing composite membranes for gas separations. The gas permeation tests show that the incorporation of porous zeolite beta into a polymer has modified the gas permeation properties significantly, indicating industrial application potential of this new type of composite material.     

微波技术在沸石分子筛材料合成中的应用研究进展

综述微波技术在多种常规沸石分子筛、纳米沸石分子筛以及分子筛膜合成过程中的研究进展。微波较常规水热合成能够大大缩短反应时间,有利于生成晶粒尺寸更小的晶体。对国内外开展微波合成沸石分子筛材料的反应设备进行简述,结合作者前期开展的微波合成β分子筛试验,分析并讨论微波和常规水热合成之间的主要区别以及反应机理,对微波加热技术未来应用于实际工业生产进行展望。     

Effects of step change of heating source on synthesis of zeolite 4A from coal fly ash

Effects of step change of heating sources on the crystallization of zeolite 4A from coal fly ash by hydrothermal reaction were investigated with emphasis on the change in the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite 4A. Most of the Si and Al components were effectively transformed into zeolite 4A by step change of the first conventional heating and then the second microwave heating of synthesis mixture dissolved from coal fly ash, and maximum crystallinity of zeolite 4A obtained was 91%. The first conventional heating also plays an important role in enhancing the nuclei formation that Si and Al in synthesis mixture reacted to form ring-like structures for combining sodalites, and further to small zeolite 4A seeds. The second microwave heating increases the crystallization rates from small zeolite 4A nuclei to more zeolite 4A crystals.The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the zeolite 4A crystallized by step change of heating source from the conventional to the microwave was 5.5 meq/g compared to 5.7 meq/g for commercial zeolite 4A. Test results showed that removal efficiency of heavy metals by zeolite 4A synthesized from fly ash was more than 98% and similar to commercial zeolite 4A.     

鄂尔多斯煤矸石合成A型沸石吸附剂试验研究

试验以内蒙古鄂尔多斯煤矸石为原料,采用水热法合成A型沸石吸附剂.以氨氮去除率为指标,通过正交试验考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、晶化温度、晶化时间对合成A型沸石的影响并确定了最佳合成条件.结果表明:对A型沸石氨氮去除率的影响顺序为晶化温度>晶化时间>焙烧时间>焙烧温度,最佳合成条件为焙烧温度750℃,焙烧时间2.5 h,晶化温度95 ℃,晶化时间8 h.样品经XRD、SEM、BET表征,得到了形态较佳且结晶度较好的A型沸石,且该产品为良好的吸附剂.     

以稻壳为原料合成等级孔Y型分子筛

以稻壳为原料,通过高温碱活化提取稻壳中的硅作为分子筛合成的硅源,利用碳化稻壳中的碳作为介孔模板合成具有等级孔结构的Y型分子筛。采用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附等表征合成的Y型分子筛。考察碱度、晶化时间、晶化温度等合成条件对Y型分子筛结构特性的影响。结果表明,随着碱度的增加,分子筛结晶度先增加后降低。碱度为6.66时,合成的Y型分子筛结晶度最高。当晶化温度为90℃、时间为16 h时,合成的分子筛中含有较少的杂晶。     

Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by zeolite beta modified with La

La/zeolite beta was prepared by an ion exchange method and used to synthesize the biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME). The La(NO₃)₃ was applied as the ion exchange precursor to incorporate La ion into zeolite beta. The composition of the zeolite beta before and after ion exchange was analyzed by the SEM microphotographs and EDS spectrograms, the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites were investigated by FTIR imaging. The transesterification was carried out in a batch reactor and the composition of the FAME product was determined by a potassium hydroxide saponification method. The syntheses conditions with respect to catalytic activities have been optimized individually. Results of the experiment showed that La/zeolite beta shows higher conversion and stability than zeolite beta for the production of biodiesel, which may be correlated to the higher quantity of external Brønsted acid sites available for the reactants. The product consists of a mixture of monoalkyl esters primarily, and when the methanol/ soybean oil molar ratio was 14.5, reaction temperature at 333 K, reaction time 4 h and catalyst/soybean oil mass ratio of 0.011, the conversion of triglyceride 48.9 wt% was obtained from this optimal reaction condition.     

In situ Raman spectroscopy analysis of local structure in dry gel for zeolite beta synthesis

To investigate faster crystallization of zeolite beta by the dry-gel conversion method, the local structure of the dry gel before synthesis was quantitatively evaluated using in situ Raman spectroscopy during the drying process. The dry gel prepared from Si and Al sources, and tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution was crystallized after several hours by the dry-gel conversion method. The conformational change of TEA⁺ cations was observed during the drying process by the deconvolution of the spectrum, and the conformational change was larger than that during the synthesis process. The rate of conformational change was increased with the drying temperature, and the apparent activation energy was estimated to be 68.2 kJ/mol. The generation and transformation of double three-membered silicate rings (D3Rs) and 4-2 type secondary building units (SBUs), which are essential for the crystallization of zeolite beta, were observed during the drying process. The transformation from D3R to 4-2 SBU in the dry gel during drying process could be confirmed quantitatively by the difference of the time variation for the amounts of these silicate building units estimated by in situ observation.     

以二甲基二环戊基氢氧化铵为模板剂合成BEC分子筛

采用自主设计、合成的二甲基二环戊基氢氧化铵(DMDCpAOH)为有机模板剂,静态水热条件下,在含Ge和F的晶化体系中合成beta沸石多型体C,即BEC分子筛。考察了晶化温度、Si/Ge物质的量比、H_2O/(Si+Ge)物质的量比、HF/(Si+Ge)物质的量比对BEC分子筛晶化及形貌的影响。并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附-脱附和热重分析(TGA)等手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明,在投料配比为0.833SiO_2:0.167GeO_2:0.5DMDCpAOH:0.5HF:15H_2O,晶化温度为170℃的条件下晶化10d,所得样品的BEC含量达85%。BEC分子筛晶体具有尺寸为20μm左右的棒状形貌,其骨架结构经焙烧后保持稳定。     

新型复合分子筛L/ZSM-5的合成与表征

在一定的SiO₂与Al₂O₃物质的量比和pH条件下,采用水热晶化法合成了L/ZSM-5新型复合分子筛。并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和红外光谱（IR）对样品进行了表征。讨论了酸量对合成的影响。结果表明,优化的加酸量为(0.802 0～0.939 9) g,在一定的酸性范围,酸性越强越有利于ZSM-5的生成,合成出的复合分子筛中ZSM-5所占的比率越高。     

水热法合成β沸石结晶度的研究

以四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂 ,采用水热法合成 β沸石。考察水热法合成 β沸石时体系中有机模板剂用量、水硅比、钠硅比及晶化时间等对合成的 β沸石相对结晶度的作用。样品的相对结晶度用X射线衍射仪分析。得出各种因素对合成 β沸石相对结晶度的影响     

含氟体系优化合成Al-Beta分子筛膜

采用两步法在α-Al₂O₃载体上合成了致密连续的beta分子筛膜。首先,晶种层在无氟碱性体系中生长并交联形成致密的beta膜;然后,在含氟的近中性体系中再次生长形成具有（h0l）取向的分子筛膜,膜厚度约为3 μm。在450℃高温脱除模板剂以后,将膜进行单组分渗透蒸发实验。实验结果表明采用两步法合成的beta分子筛膜几乎无缺陷。     

Dry gel conversion synthesis of shape controlled MFI type zeolite materials

Acid treated silica fibers, coming either from asbestos cord waste or calcium aluminosilicate glass, were engaged as reactants to product MFI type zeolite fibers applying a dry gel conversion (DGC) type synthesis. The impact of amorphous silica fiber shape and synthesis conditions on morphology of the final product was investigated. Enhanced zeolite nucleation and restricted crystal growth are necessary to maintain the initial fiber morphology. Whereas a DGC type crystallization in hydroxide media results in the formation of zeolite fibers, the use of fluoride ions leads to the formation of large individual zeolite particles. Synthesis conditions have to be adapted to form zeolite particles with an average size smaller than the silica fiber diameter to allow a good conservation of the fiber morphology. Final zeolite fibers have textural properties comparable to a standard zeolite product and are promising for adsorption applications.     

水热法制备NaY型分子筛及其催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以正丁胺为模板剂,采用水热法制备了NaY型分子筛,用XRD、SEM和TG-DTA等手段对分子筛进行表征,研究了晶化时间、晶化温度、投料顺序和添加NaCl对制备的分子筛性能的影响,原料中添加NaCl,423 K晶化50 h,制备的NaY型分子筛结晶度高,颗粒均匀,粒径约1 μm.用制备的分子筛分别负载CuO-ZnO<,2...     

Shape controlled zeolite EU-1 (EUO) catalysts: Dry gel conversion type synthesis, characterization and formation mechanisms

Shape controlled zeolite EU-1 (EUO) catalysts were synthesized by a dry gel conversion (DGC) type synthesis. Silica extrudates as starting material were impregnated to the incipient wetness point and subjected to a hydrothermal treatment under water vapor. All-zeolite extrudates with the same size and shape as initial silica extrudates were obtained. Formation mechanisms were investigated by varying the initial extrudate water content. Hydrothermal treatment was carried out in the presence or in the absence of an external water source. Extrudate H₂O/SiO₂ molar ratios of at least 1.5 were required to obtain zeolite extrudates with high crystallinity. In the presence of an external water source, a non-uniform progression of zeolite crystallization from the outer to the inner extrudate surface was observed. On the contrary in the absence of an external water source, first crystals appeared throughout the extrudates. For both methods, mesopores of silica extrudates disappeared during impregnation processes and micro- and macropores were formed during crystallization. In a m-xylene isomerization reaction shape controlled zeolite EU-1 extrudates display an enhanced p-xylene selectivity.     

高岭土合成Y型分子筛研究进展

综述高岭土合成Y型分子筛研究进展,分别从原位合成、纳米分子筛、高硅分子筛和其他合成方法进行评述,并分析各种合成方法的优缺点。原位合成Y型分子筛是合成性质优良Y型分子筛的重要方法,相关研究不断深化成熟,以此方法合成特殊性能的Y型分子筛成功应用于催化裂化催化剂。合成具有特殊形态和结构组成的分子筛如小晶粒Y型分子筛、高硅Y型分子筛是近年来的研究热点。分别从优化合成条件、加入分散剂和使用微波加热法介绍小晶粒Y型分子筛合成研究进展。高硅Y型分子筛的合成主要分为直接合成和二次改性方法,直接合成法反应条件苛刻,存在原料浪费等问题;二次改性方法工艺流程长,易导致合成成本增加。重点讨论具有特种性能的特种Y型分子筛合成研究进展,对离子液体合成Y型分子筛、干胶转化合成Y型分子筛和高岭土合成复合分子筛等新方法进行综述,并结合其他先进的分子筛合成方法,指出Y型分子筛合成的研究方向和前景。