Prediction of mass transfer coefficients in an asymmetric rotating disk contactor using effective diffusivity

Mass transfer characteristics have been investigated in a 113 mm diameter asymmetric rotating disk contactor of the pilot plant scale for two different liquid–liquid systems. The effects of operating parameters including rotor speed and continuous and dispersed phase velocities on the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients are investigated. The results show that the mass transfer performance is strongly dependent on agitation rate and interfacial tension, but only slightly dependent on phase flow rates. In this study, effective diffusivity is used instead of molecular diffusivity in the Gr?ber equation for estimation of dispersed phase overall mass transfer coefficient.The enhancement factor is determined experimentally and there from an empirical expression is derived for prediction of the enhancement factor as a function of Reynolds number. The predicted results compared to the experimental data show that the proposed correlation can efficiently predict the overall mass transfer coefficients in asymmetric rotating disk contactors.     

正十二烷-水乳液吸收丙烷的传质增强作用(英文)

A one-dimensional unsteady heterogeneous parallel mass transfer (ODUHPMT) model was developed for the absorption enhancement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by the dispersed droplets. An analytical solution for enhancement factor was obtained based on surface renewal theory and the Laplace domain transformation. The absorption rate of propane into water at dif-ferent stirring speeds with the added micro dodecane droplets was investigated experimentally in a thermostatic stirred tank. The mass transfer flux across the gas-liquid interface and the enhancement factor were measured. The results showed that the dodecane has an obvious enhancement effect on propane absorption into water, the maximum enhancement factor reached 11. The enhance-ment factor increased with increasing dodecane volume fraction and decreased with increasing stirring speed. The experiment data agreed well with the model predictions and showed high prediction accuracy of ODUHPMT model.     

筛板塔气-液-液系统内相含率和传质特性研究

The gas and dispersed phase holdups and mass transfer coefficients of liquid-iquid were determined for gas-liquid-liquid three phase system in a screen plate column. The flow pattern of gas-liquid-liquid three phase system was studied under different gas velocities. The shape factors showed the geometric properties of screen plates and the corrected drop chaxacteristic velocities were introduced. The phase holdup in two phases was correlated.The research results indicated that mass transfer coefficient for liquid-liquid system in a column with screen plates and gas agitation was found to increase apparently.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Single Drop Mass Transfer in Solvent Extraction Systems with Resistance in Both Phases

Numerical simulation of transient mass transfer to a single drop controlled by the internal resistance or by the resistance in both phases was mathematically formulated and simulated in a boundary-fitted orthogonal coordinate system. The simulated results on the transient mass transfer dominated by the internal resistance are in good agreement with the Newman and Kronig-Brink models for drops with low Reynolds number. When the drop Reynolds number is up to 200, the mass transfer coefficient from numerical simulation is very low as compared with the Handlos-Baron model. The cases with mass transfer resistance residing in both the continuous and drop phases were simulated successfully and compared with the experimental data in three extraction systems recommended by European Confederation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE). For single drops with Re < 200, the numerically predicted values of the extraction fraction and overall mass transfer coefficient are in reasonable coincidence with the experimental data. I     

Mass transfer performance of structured packings in a CO2 absorption tower

This paper studies the mass transfer performance of structured packings in the absorption of CO2 from air with aqueous NaOH solution. The Eight structured packings tested are sheet metal ones with corrugations of different geometry parameters. Effective mass transfer area and overall gas phase mass transfer coefficient have been measured in an absorption column of 200 mm diameter under the conditions of gas F-factor in 0.38–1.52 Pa0.5 and aqueous NaOH solution concentration of 0.10–0.15 kmol·m?3. The effects of gas/liquid phase flow rates and packing geometry parameters are also investigated. The results show that the effective mass transfer area changes not only with packing geometry parameters and liquid load, but also with gas F-factor. A new effective mass transfer area correlation on the gas F-factor and the liquid load was proposed, which is found to fit experiment data very well.     

伴随传质的液液体系微分散流型图的实验研究(英文)

This paper presents the experimental results of liquid-liquid microflows in a coaxial microfluidic device with mass transfer.Three working systems were n-butanol + phosphoric acid(PA) + water,methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) + PA + water,30% kerosene in tri-n-butylphosphate(TBP) + PA + water.The direction and intensity of mass transfer were adjusted by adding PA in one of two phases mutual saturated in advance.When PA transferred from the organic phase to the aqueous phase,tiny aqueous droplets may generate inside the organic phase by mass transfer inducement to form a new W/O/W flow pattern directly on some special cases.Once the PA concentration was very high,violent Marangoni effect could be observed to throw part of organic phase out of droplets as tail.The interphase transfer of PA could expand the jetting flow region,in particular for systems with low or medium inter-facial tension and when the mass transfer direction was from the aqueous phase to the organic phase.     

Investigation of extraction fraction in confined impinging jet reactors for tri-butyl-phosphate extracting butyric acid process☆

The extraction fraction E and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa of TBP extracting butyric acid pro-cess in confined impinging jet reactors (CIJR) with two jets were investigated. The main variables tested were the concentration of tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP) and butyric acid, the impinging velocity V, the impinging velocity ratio of two phases Vorg/Vaq, the nozzle inner diameter di and the distance L between the jet axes and the top wall of the impinging chamber. The results showed that E and kLa increase with an increase of the impinging ve-locity V, the concentration of TBP Corg, and the impinging velocity ratio Vorg/Vaq. However, E and kLa decrease with an increase of the inner diameter di from 1 to 2 mm, the concentration of butyric acid Caq from 0.5%(v/v) to 2%(v/v). The factor L ranging from 3 to 11 mm has a negligible effect on E and kLa. A correlation on these variables and kLa was proposed based on the experimental data. These results indicated good mass transfer performance of CIJR in the extraction operation.     

Experimental mass transfer coefficients in a pilot plant multistage column extractor

The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients in a multistage column have been measured using axial dispersion model for toluene–acetone–water system. The effect of operating parameters on the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients has been investigated for both mass transfer directions. The results show that the mass transfer performance is strongly dependent on rotor speed and mass transfer direction, although only slightly dependent on phase flow rates. In addition, empirical correlations to predict the overall mass transfer coefficients have been developed. The proposed correlations based on dimensionless numbers can be considered as a useful tool for the possible scale up of the multistage column extractor.     

Mass Transfer and Axial Mixing Characteristics in a Coalescence-Dispersion Pulsed-Sieve-Plate Extraction Column

A new configuration of coalescence-dispersed pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column (CDPSEC) was developed, and the mass transfer and axial mixing characteristics were evaluated with the two-point dynamic method. The influence of operation conditions was discussed with experimental results, showing that the mass transfer performance of CDPSEC mainly depends on the energy input and the holdup of dispersed phase. Higher energy input results in higher holdup of the dispersed phase, the axial mixing of the continuous phase is suppressed, and the true height of mass transfer unit decreases markedly. On the other hand, higher energy input leads to more serious forward mixing of the dispersed phase, so the energy input should be limited. Accordingly the operation conditions were divided into two regions, and empirical correlations for predicting the mass transfer and axial mixing characteristics in different regions with a satisfactory accuracy were suggested.     

聚并-分散脉冲筛板萃取塔的传质与轴向混合特性

A new configuration of coalescence-dispersed pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column (CDPSEC) was developed, and the mass transfer and axial mixing characteristics were evaluated with the two-point dynamic method.The influence of operation conditions was discussed with experimental results, showing that the mass transfer performance of CDPSEC mainly depends on the energy input and the holdup of dispersed phase. Higher energy input results in higher holdhp of the dispersed phase, the axial mixing of the continuous phase is suppressed, and the true height of mass transfer unit decreases markedly. On the other hand, higher energy input leads to more serious forward mixing of the dispersed phase, so the energy input should be limited. Accordingly the operation conditions were divided into two regions, and empirical correlations for predicting the mass transfer and axial mixing characteristics in different regions with a satisfactory accuracy were suggested.     

A HOMOGENEOUS MODEL FOR MASS TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN GAS-LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEMS

A modified homogeneous mass transfer model based on penetration theory is proposed for the mass transfer enhancement in gas-liquid-liquid systems. The present model assumes the existence of a shuttle mechanism between the organic dispersed phase and the continuous aqueous phase and considers the effect of diffusivity along with the solubility ratio and the dispersed phase holdup. The concept of effective diffusivity for gas in liquid-liquid emulsions has been used to consider the effect of diffusivity on mass transfer enhancement. The proposed model predicts the experimentally obtained enhancement factor with reasonable accuracy and numerical simplicity. Fresh experiments were also conducted to further validate the proposed model.     

A HOMOGENEOUS MODEL FOR MASS TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN GAS-LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEMS

A modified homogeneous mass transfer model based on penetration theory is proposed for the mass transfer enhancement in gas-liquid-liquid systems. The present model assumes the existence of a shuttle mechanism between the organic dispersed phase and the continuous aqueous phase and considers the effect of diffusivity along with the solubility ratio and the dispersed phase holdup. The concept of effective diffusivity for gas in liquid-liquid emulsions has been used to consider the effect of diffusivity on mass transfer enhancement. The proposed model predicts the experimentally obtained enhancement factor with reasonable accuracy and numerical simplicity. Fresh experiments were also conducted to further validate the proposed model.     

水溶液中甲苯分散相增强难溶气体吸收

利用难溶气体的物理吸收过程,在具有恒定气液界面面积的吸收装置中研究了常压和室温条件下分散液相(甲苯)对气液传质的增强作用。通过测定气相(丙烷和氢气)压力随时间的变化,计算出液侧传质系数和传质增强因子。试验发现,当传质组分在分散液相与连续液相内的分配系数较大,或在两相间的相对扩散系数较大,且分散相形成的液滴较小时,加入分散液相可显著增强气液传质;增强因子随分散液相含率的增大而增大,但增大幅度逐渐减小;当气体在纯水中的传质系数增大时,同等条件下分散相对气液传质的增强作用减小。     

自然循环固相强化沸腾传热的实验研究

本文将固体颗粒引入垂直列管热虹吸再沸器中，形成内部自然循环固相强化沸腾传热，对其传热特性进行了实验研究。重点考察了固相种类、直径、加入量对有机物系沸腾传热的强化效果。试验结果表明，固相强化后，传热系数较相同条件下汽液两相沸腾传热提高20％以上。     

The Effect of Size and Concentration of Nanoparticles on the Mass Transfer Coefficients in Irregular Packed Liquid–Liquid Extraction Columns

This investigation explored the effects of nanofluids on mass transfer enhancement using an irregularly packed liquid–liquid extraction column and the chemical systems of water–acetic acid–toluene. SiO₂ nanoparticles with sizes of 10, 30, or 80 nm are dispersed in toluene–acetic acid to produce nanofluids with different volume fractions of 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 vol.%. The effects of nanoparticle size and concentration on dispersed phase mass transfer coefficient were discussed based on the experimental data. This is for the first time that the effect of nanoparticle size is studied in liquid–liquid extraction systems. It was found that the mass transfer enhancement was more significant in nanofluids with smaller particles. It was also observed that mass transfer coefficient is larger in nanofluids compared to that in dispersed phase without nanoparticles, with a peak enhancement at a nanoparticle volume fraction of 0.05 vol.% for 10-nm particles and 0.01 vol.% for 30- and 80-nm particles. The maximum mass transfer coefficient enhancement was approximately 42% at 0.05% concentration of nanoparticles using smaller particles (10 nm). Finally, a novel correlation for prediction of effective diffusivity in the presence of nanoparticles has been proposed, which is a function of nanoparticle size and its concentration. The main advantage of this approach is that the principal effect of these two parameters is considered in correlation without which the experimental data could not be fitted with an acceptable accuracy.     

多降液管筛板萃取塔内流动特性和塔效率的研究

选择正丁醇－丁二酸－水作为实验体系，以有机相为分散相，在φ１００ｍｍ的塔内系统地研究了单降液管、双降液管和三降液管三种塔板的两相流动特性和传质效率，并对其进行了比较。研究结果表明，在相同的操作条件下，多降液管大孔筛板塔比单降液管塔内的动态存留分数大，板下静液层高度小的特点，同时多降液管筛板塔比单降液管筛板塔具有更高的塔效率。     

第三分散相液滴增强气体吸收的一维非稳态非均相传质模型

A model for one-dimensional unsteady heterogeneous mass transfer was developed based on Danckwerts’ surface renewal theory in order to describe the mass transfer enhancement of absorption process for a slightly soluble gas in a gas-liquid-liquid system. The model accounts for the mass transfer resistance within the dispersed phase and the effect of emulsion viscosity on mass transfer. An analytical solution for enhancement factor was obtained by Laplace domain transformation. The absorption rates of carbon dioxide in the dodecane-in-water and castor oil-in-water systems were measured in a thermostatic reactor, and the enhancement factors were calculated at different volume fractions of dispersed phase and stirrer speeds. The model predictions agree well with the experi-mental data.     

Mass transfer effects on hydroformylation catalyzed by a water soluble complex

The rate of hydroformylation of 1-octene catalyzed by a water soluble catalyst is measured in mechanically agitated batch reactor at various stirrer speeds and organic phase holdups. The data have been analyzed by coupling reaction kinetics to a pseudo-homogeneous gas–liquid–liquid model based on Higbie's penetration theory which takes into account the presence of the dispersed organic phase. A rapid liquid–liquid mass transfer of the reactants is assumed leading to an equilibrium between the continuous and the dispersed phases. The predicted values of the rate are in good agreement with the experimental one. The depletion of the organic substrate in the continuous phase is found negligible.     

ZSM-5型分子筛强化水吸收CO_2

在难溶气体吸收体系中加入第3分散相粒子是强化传质过程的一个重要手段,文中采用恒温搅拌釜对ZSM-5型分子筛/水浆料强化CO2的吸收过程进行了实验研究,考察了硅铝摩尔比(120,150,360)、固含率和气相CO2体积分数对增强因子的影响。结果表明:随着分子筛硅铝摩尔比的增加,其疏水性增强,增强因子随之增大;随着分子筛固含率的增加,气液界面处颗粒的覆盖率增大,增强因子迅速增大,当气液界面处颗粒的覆盖率逐渐接近最大覆盖率时,则增强因子逐渐趋于恒定值;随着气相CO2体积分数的增加,溶质在溶液中的扩散作用逐渐增强,而分子筛颗粒输运作用逐渐减弱,增强因子减小。针对分散相微粒增强难溶气体的吸收过程,提出了一个三维非均相传质模型,计算结果和实验数据吻合良好。