端羟基亚苯醚基二甲基硅氧烷预聚物及其室温硫化胶的制备

以1,4-双(二甲基羟基硅基)苯(BHB)、4,4'-双(二甲基羟基硅基)二苯醚(BHBE)及低黏度羟基硅油( HO - PDMS)为主要原料,四甲基氢氧化铵硅醇盐为催化剂,通过平衡聚合法合成了端羟基亚苯基-亚苯醚基-二甲基硅氧烷预聚物(p - BHB - BHBE - DMS).研究了投料比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量对预聚物黏度的影响.结果表明,预聚物黏度与BHB、BHBE的加入量正相关,且BHBE使预聚物黏度增加的幅度比BHB使预聚物黏度增长的幅度大,BHB、BHBE和羟基硅油的较佳质量比为22/11/67;随着反应温度升高,预聚物的黏度逐渐降低,较佳反应温度为110～ 120℃;随反应时间延长,体系黏度先明显增加,随后变缓,合适的反应时间为4～5 h;随催化剂用量的增加,预聚物的黏度呈非线性降低,通过调整催化剂的用量可控制预聚物的黏度.在较佳条件下,通过改变BHB和BHBE的质量比,合成了黏度(25℃)在6 000～ 30 000 mPa·s的预聚物,其收率为82％～85％.以此预聚物为基胶配成脱醇型双组分室温硫化亚苯醚基硅橡胶,其硫化胶经过250℃×24 h热老化后,拉伸强度小幅提高;随着BHBE用量的增加,硫化胶的拉伸强度和伸长率均提高.     

联苯-4,4'-二甲酸合成研究

研究联苯-4,4'-二甲酸的合成工艺,以对硝基甲苯为原料,经氧化、还原和重氮化-偶联反应制备联苯-4,4'-二甲酸.重点研究了重氮反应中滴加亚硝酸对反应的影响.以对硝基甲苯计,总收率为66.6%,联苯-4,4'-二甲酸的(HPLC)纯度为98.7%.     

有机硅/丁二醇扩链剂混合比对混合大二醇基聚氨酯弹性体的性能影响

以α,ω-双(γ-羟丙基)聚二甲基硅氧烷(BHPDMS)和聚氧四甲基二醇(PHMO)混合大二醇为软链段;以1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为主要扩链剂,1,3-双(4-羟丁基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(BHTD)为次级扩链剂,所有试样中硬链段均由4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和混合扩链剂所构成,且w(硬链段)=40%;采用两步溶液聚合法制备混合大二醇基芳香聚氨酯(PU)弹性体。通过力学性能测试、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和动力学热分析法(DMTA),研究了混合扩链剂中n(BDO)/n(BHTD)比值对该PU弹性体性能的影响。结果表明,当n(BDO):n(BHTD)=3:2时,所得PU弹性体具有优异的综合性能;引入BHTD扩链剂后,破坏了硬链段的有序性。     

4-(4',4'-二苯基-1',3'-丁二烯基)-N,N-二(4″-甲基苯基)苯胺的合成及性能

该文通过Vilsmeier反应,用4,4'-二甲基三苯胺制得了4-[N,N-二(4'-甲基苯基)]氨基苯甲醛(Ⅰ),收率85.4%;Ⅰ与1,1-二苯基-3-氯丙烯经Wittig反应合成了三苯胺衍生物4-(4',4'-二苯基-1',3'-丁二烯基)-N,N-二(4″-甲基苯基)苯胺(Ⅱ),收率43.0%,HPLC面积归一法测定目的产物为99.64%.通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、质谱和元素分析对产物的组成和结构进行了鉴定.用Ⅱ作空穴传输材料制成功能分离型有机光导体,测得其静电特性数据为V0=-580 V,VR=-20 V,E1/2=0.50 lx*s,表明Ⅱ具有优良的空穴传输特性.     

1,3-双(二甲基羟基硅基)-2,2,4,4-四甲基环二硅氮烷的合成

通过1,3-双（二甲基氯硅基）-2，2，4，4-四甲基环二硅氮烷的水解反应合成了1,3-双（二甲基羟基硅基）-2，2，4，4-四甲基环二硅氮烷。初步探讨了反应的条件。产物收率达到92％。并经红外光谱和X射线衍射表征产物结构。     

含醚键结构双马来酰亚胺体系固化动力学及耐热性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重法(TGA)详细研究了新型双马来酰亚胺(BMI)树脂体系的固化反应和耐热性能.研究结果表明,BMPN(2,7-二(4-马来酰亚胺)苯醚基萘)树脂由于萘环结构的存在,在固化反应及耐热性能方面与BMPB(1,4二(4-马来酰亚胺)苯醚基苯)、BMPA(4,4'-二(4-马来酰亚胺)苯醚基...     

2-(4''''-氯苯基)-4,5-二(4''''-甲氧基苯基)咪唑的合成及机理研究

以对氯苯甲醛,4,4'-二甲氧基二苯基乙二酮为原料,用德布斯法合成了未见报道的2-(4'-氯苯基)-4,5-二(4'-甲氧基苯基)咪唑.对最后环合加成反应的工艺条件进行了优化并研究了其反应机理,较佳反应条件为:4,4'-二甲氧基二苯基乙二酮,对氯苯甲醛,醋酸铵的物质的量比为1∶1.2∶10,醋酸3 mL,反应时间4 h.在此条件下,目标产物收率达89.6%.     

一步法合成3-羟基-6-O-甲基红霉素

利用克拉霉素生产过程中的前体2',4″-O-二(三甲基硅基)-6-O-甲基红霉素A 9-O-(1-乙氧基环己基)肟为原料,一步反应实现脱除2'-三甲基硅基、4″-三甲基硅基、9-O-(1-乙氧基环己基)、9-肟基四个保护基及脱克拉定糖5个反应,得到3-羟基-6-O-甲基红霉素,总得率88%.     

大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷

以大孔型阳离子交换树脂(D72)为催化剂,以邻氯苯胺和甲醛为原料合成3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷(MOCA),考察了反应温度、反应时间、物料比、催化剂用量及催化剂重复使用次数等因素对反应产率的影响。结果表明,当邻氯苯胺和甲醛的物料摩尔比2.0∶1、反应温度95℃、反应7 h、催化剂D72用量4 g,产物的产率达到32.5%。催化剂重复使用9次,产率未见明显下降。D72树脂可作为合成MOCA的潜在催化剂。     

3-氯-4-(2-溴甲基-4-甲基-1,3-二恶戍烷-2-基)苯基-4''''-氯苯基醚的合成

3-氯-4-(2-溴甲基-4-甲基-1,3-二恶戍烷-2-基)苯基-4'-氯苯基醚是杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑的一个重要中间体.以2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)-苯乙酮为起始原料,采用溴化和合环同时进行的合成工艺制得该化合物,收率90%,产品含量95%.优化了反应条件,简化了操作.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.