氯代芳香化合物生物降解的研究进展

综述了生物技术降解氯代芳香化合物的研究现状及其应用前景，分析了氯代芳香化合物的结构与其生物降解性的关系，降解机理包括氧化脱氯机理、还原脱氯机理及共代谢作用机理以及所需环境，并对氯代芳香化合物生物降解的研究方向提出笔者的观点。     

综述高级氧化技术在废水处理中的应用

高级氧化技术以产生具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基（·oH）为特点,该技术用于有效去除和降解有毒污染物,或者作为预处理将污染物转化为可生物降解化合物,然后通过传统的生物处理方法处理。该文总结了·OH的形成以及污染物的降解机制,同时阐述了高级氧化法的研究方向。     

高级氧化法提高难降解有机污水生物降解性能的研究进展

近年发展起来的高级氧化法能有效提高难降解有机污水的生物降解性能,形成了高级氧化法与后续生化技术相结合的处理技术,具有投资少、处理成本低和适用范围广等优势,显示出了广阔的应用前景。通过简要介绍化学催化氧化法、电催化氧化法、光化学氧化法、超声氧化法和湿式氧化法等高级氧化法的原理及研究现状,重点阐述国内外高级氧化法在提高污水生物降解性能方面的研究成果,得出了各技术的特点及其在应用中存在的主要问题,并展望了高级氧化法的发展方向。     

环境激素邻苯二甲酸酯类净化技术研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)化合物是水环境中重要的痕量有机污染物之一.总结了水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物净化技术进展、特点、应用以及局限性、重点介绍了吸附法、高级氧化法、生物降解法等净化技术在降解此类水体中的应用,指出生物法、高级氧化技术、混凝法与其他廉价水处理技术的联合,将是邻苯二甲酸酯类水体处理技术的发展方向.     

高级氧化-生物法联合处理印染废水的研究进展

综述了光催化氧化技术,臭氧氧化法,Fenton法这三种典型的高级氧化技术以及生物法处理废水的特点,针对染料废水所具有的高化学稳定性,难生物降解等特点,高级氧化与生物法联合处理被认为是一种低成本的有效降解废水中有机污染物的方法,同时介绍了其联合处理印染废水的应用研究进展。     

可溶有机质介导硝基芳香化合物降解研究进展

大量研究表明, 可溶性有机质因自身的醌呼吸结构能够作为氧化还原体来催化转化多种有机和无机化合物, 然而其影响机制尚未完全了解, 因此需要更深层次的研究以阐明限制可溶性有机质介导化学和生物转化有机污染物的机理。本文以硝基芳香化合物为例, 全面阐述了其化学和生物降解机理以及可溶性有机质作为氧化还原电子穿梭体对其还原转化过程介导作用的研究进展;回顾了各种因素影响可溶性有机质催化转化硝基芳香化合物的效果, 并寻求氧化还原效率较高的可溶性有机质促进污染物的消减, 从而提高可溶性有机质对催化降解硝基芳香化合物的实际应用性。     

铁基催化剂高级氧化技术降解废水研究进展

高级氧化技术是一种新型的降解废水的方法,随着现代化工业的发展,越来越多的石油化工原料被排入水体,对水体造成不可逆转的伤害,其中包括油田开采过程中被污染的水源.综述了国内外关于通过铁、铁的化合物以及多种铁基催化剂高级氧化技术方法以及研究方向.阐述了部分铁基催化剂活化高级氧化技术的优缺点.最后分析了铁基催化剂在目前应用中存...     

含酚废水处理技术研究进展

苯酚及其衍生物常用于化工、石化、制药和制造行业,是废水中常见的难降解污染物,具有高毒性和低生物降解性.论述了部分现有的含酚废水处理方法,着重介绍了高级氧化技术在含酚废水处理中的研究进展,并对含酚废水处理技术的发展前景进行了展望.     

水中医药品的污染现状及高级氧化处理

药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)中的医药品具有生物毒性大、环境风险高、难生物降解等特点。常规的污水处理工艺、饮用水处理工艺对水中痕量的医药品类污染物的降解都极其有限。高级氧化技术(AOPs)能够有效降解水体中的医药品类污染物,且降解后其生化性显著提高。阐述了目前水中医药品的污染现状以及臭氧氧化法、UV/H_2O_2法、Fenton法、UV/S_2O_8~(2-)法、UV/TiO_2法以及高锰和高铁氧化法等高级氧化技术降解医药品类污染物的研究进展。     

高级氧化技术及其在废水处理中的应用

综述了高级氧化技术：Fenton法；UV／Fenton；UV/H2O2；US／Fenton(UI-trasonic-Fenton)；E1ectro-Fenton方法的研究进展、在废水处理中的应用的反应机理，及其在处理醇、醚、氯酚、除草剂、多聚芳香化合物，垃圾沥滤液等工业废水上的应用作了介绍，并分析了高级氧化技术在应用中存在的问题及改进的方向。     

Degradation of halogenated organic compounds in ground water by heterogeneous catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

summary Catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide is a reliable method for the treatment of polluted water. The conversion of a wide spectrum of components including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as halogenated organic compounds into non-toxic or minor-toxic substances and finally into carbon dioxide and water can be achieved. The degradation of chlorobenzene, 4-chlorophenol, 4-chloroaniline and 1-nitro-4-chlorobenzene was investigated. Several catalysts can be implemented into the catalytic process. It has been demonstrated that the type of catalyst and oxidation agent as well as the reaction parameters influence the degradation rate and has to be adjusted to the concrete waste water problem to be solved.     

Biological and electrochemical oxidation of naphthalenesulfonates

A biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor and an undivided flow cell equipped with a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless‐steel cathode were used to investigate the effects of varying operating conditions on process performance in the biological and electrochemical oxidation of a mixture of naphthalenesulfonates contained in the infiltration water of a contaminated industrial site. The experiments were aimed at evaluating the feasibility of process integration and the criteria for optimization (i.e. how to maximize degradation efficiency with minimum energy consumption) in combined biological and electrochemical oxidation of scarcely biodegradable compounds. Because of high reactor biomass concentration and long biomass retention time, the BAS reactor achieved a high degradation capacity (up to 6.8 kg COD m^?3 d^?1). On the other hand, owing to the recalcitrant character of some of the aromatic sulfonates in the leachate, the overall degradation efficiency did not exceed 70% based on COD measurements. All naphthalene‐mono‐ and ‐disulfonates (except naphthalene‐1,5‐disulfonate) were completely degraded in the BAS reactor, whereas more complex molecules (e.g. naphthalenetrisulfonates) were more recalcitrant to biological oxidation. These compounds were completely mineralized by electrochemical oxidation using a boron‐doped diamond anode. The energy consumption and the time required for the complete mineralization of the infiltration water decreased from 80 kWh m^?3 and 4 h to 61 kWh m^?3 and 3 h for the oxidation of raw and biologically pretreated leachate, respectively. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

酸性材料在CVOCs催化氧化中的应用

含氯挥发性有机化合物(CVOCs)对环境安全和人类健康存在持久性污染和危害。催化氧化法具有操作温度低和CO_2选择性高等优点,被广泛应用于CVOCs催化降解。催化剂作为CVOCs催化降解过程的核心部分,受到很多学者的关注。分析酸性分子筛、金属改性分子筛和复合氧化物酸性材料对各种CVOCs催化氧化活性、副产物控制性能、CO_2和HCl选择性的影响。结果表明,催化剂表面酸中心、氧化中心和催化剂表面结构性质在CVOCs催化氧化过程中起重要作用。较多酸中心和较大比表面积有利于CVOCs分子的吸附和活化,提高HCl选择性。而较多氧化中心则有利于CVOCs深度氧化,减少副产物产生,提高CO_2选择性。     

Surface properties of fluorinated polyimides exposed to VUV and atomic oxygen

The effect of atomic oxygen flux and VUV radiation alone and in combination on the surface of fluorinated polyimide films was studied using XPS spectroscopy. Exposure of fluorinated polyimides to VUV radiation alone caused no observable damage to the polymer surface, while an atomic oxygen flux resulted in substantial oxidation of the surface. On the other hand, exposure to VUV radiation and atomic oxygen in combination caused extensive oxidation of the polymer surface after only 2 min of exposure. The amount of oxidized carbon on the polymer surface indicated that there is aromatic ring-opening oxidation. The changes in the O1s/C1s, N1s/C1s, and F1s/C1s ratios suggested that an ablative degradation process is highly favorable. A synergistic effect of VUV radiation in the presence of atomic oxygen is clearly evidenced from the XPS study. The atomic oxygen could be considered as the main factor in the degradation process of fluorinated polyimide films exposed to a low earth orbit environment. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Investigation of aqueous sodium dichromate oxidation for coal structural studies

To determine optimum conditions, the aqueous Na₂Cr₂O₇ oxidation as applied to coals, coal products, model compounds and polymers was investigated in detail. It was found that this oxidation preferentially attacks aliphatic and alicyclic methylene linkages with minimum degradation of most aromatic ring systems, as suggested earlier. However, aliphatic-rich macromolecules, probably related to exinites, were found to be selectively oxidized and isolated as long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acids under buffer-controlled oxidation conditions.     

Degradation of simulated organic wastewater by advanced oxidation with oxidants generated from oxygen reduction

The degradation capacity of advanced oxidants generated from oxygen reduction was investigated in model effluent containing chlorobenzene, aniline and benzene through the advanced oxidation processes(AOPs). Intermediate products of the degradation process were determined by GC–MS, and they contributed to specify the degradation pathways of monoaromatic compounds. The study particularly focused on the influence of the dosage of the oxidant, pH and the initial concentration of organic compounds on the degradation effectiveness.When the dosage of oxidant was 4 wt% and the pH was 7, the maximum degradation rates of 74.83% chlorobenzene, 70.32% aniline and 37.69% benzene were achieved. Furthermore, microwave was applied to intensify the oxidation process under optimal operation conditions, and the degradation rates were increased to 87.85% chlorobenzene, 89.11% aniline and 39.03% benzene, respectively.     

真菌降解光-氧氧化内蒙古胜利褐煤产物分析

为掌握黄孢原毛平革菌降解光-氧氧化内蒙古胜利褐煤固体残渣的成分、结构和热稳定性的变化规律,以及降解液的主要物质构成,为降解工艺的改进以及降解产物的分离和利用提供参考,对降解所得的固体和液体产物进行了检测分析。结果表明:光-氧氧化煤被黄孢原毛平革菌作用后,煤残渣的水分、灰分和挥发分的质量分数均增加,固定碳的质量分数降低,由元素分析可见,煤残渣的O,N和H元素质量分数增加,C和S元素质量分数降低;煤残渣的富氢度增大、总脂芳比增大、富氧度增加,说明煤结构中的含O和H基团增加,芳环结构被降解而减少;煤残渣的稳定性比光-氧氧化煤的稳定性差,总失重率增大,进而说明光-氧氧化煤在黄孢原毛平革菌的作用下发生了降解;氧化煤在黄孢原毛平革菌的作用下,发生了明显的降解,降解液中含有丰富的芳香化合物,而培养基溶煤产物中芳香化合物的含量较少;降解液中含有丰富的化合物,主要为酯、烷烃和杂环化合物等。     

土壤多环芳烃及其化学氧化修复技术研究进展

多环芳烃作为广泛分布于各类环境介质的持久性有机污染物,在全球环境治理技术研发及应用中备受关注。土壤作为重要的环境介质,在近年来不断发展演变的工业化进程中已成为重要的多环芳烃汇,且储存了环境中超过90%的多环芳烃。从土壤多环芳烃化学氧化技术的角度,阐述了原位/异位氧化修复技术、高锰酸钾、臭氧、芬顿及过硫酸盐氧化技术在近年来的研究进展并进行了展望。     

蒽醌法生产过氧化氢中降解物的生成和再生

综述了以2－乙基蒽醌（EAQ）和四氢－2－乙基蒽醌（H4EAQ）为工作载体的蒽醌法生产过氧化氢过程中生成的各种降解物的化学组成和分子结构的分析确定。介绍了一些降解反应机理，提出将工作液中有效蒽醌的降解分为氢化降解和氧化降解两种，氢化降解又可分为有效蒽醌中芳环的氢化和羰基的氢解。使用碱性氧化铝、酸、碱、过氧化物和有机胺等再生剂再生工业生产中长期使用工作液中的降解物，取得了良好的再生效果，再生后工作液中的有效蒽醌均有明显增加。