西尼地平原料药的合成研究

拟出了的西尼地平原料药的两条合成路线，经过对比研究，确定了路线1即从乙酰乙酸甲氧基乙基酯出发，经过中间体3-氨基巴豆酸肉桂醇酯，得出西尼地平原料药的合成路线，本工艺总收率达60％以上。     

环已二醇二丙烯酸酯的合成工艺

用浓硫酸作催化剂 ,环已烷作带水剂 ,对甲氧基苯酚作阻聚剂 ,利用直接酯化法合成环已二醇二丙烯酸酯 ,同时就助剂作用和用量对反应影响进行探讨 ,确定了合适的合成工艺路线。     

甲基丙烯酸高碳链混合醇酯合成及制备吸油树脂的研究

用正交试验法考察了甲基丙烯酸和高碳链混合醇直接酯化合成甲基丙烯酸混合醇酯的工艺条件。其酯化反应的工艺条件为：酸醇量比为1.2：1,w（催化剂）为1.5%,w（阻聚剂）为0.5%,反应温度130℃,反应时间4h,空气流速为0.16L/min。用甲基丙烯酸高碳链醇酯为单体,1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯为交联剂,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,聚乙烯醇为分散剂,采用分散聚合法制备了具有吸油性能的甲基丙烯酸高碳链混合醇酯共聚树脂,并用均匀设计试验法优化了聚合合成工艺条件：w（交联剂）为1.2956%,w（引发剂）为1.0298%,w（分散剂）为0.2374%,反应温度88℃,该聚合物的吸油倍率最大值为16.0340g柴油/g树脂。     

盐酸巴尼地平的合成

研究了以碳酸氢铵,间硝基苯甲醛和乙酰乙酸甲酯为原料,经缩合、部分水解,再与(s)-N-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷经酯化、分步重结晶、成盐得到盐酸巴尼地平的工艺路线。本法操作简单,成本较低,适合于工业化生产。     

聚酰亚胺泡沫塑料的合成路线及制备工艺

综述了主链聚酰亚胺泡沫塑料的各种合成路线和制备工艺中的发泡剂、发泡方法及泡孔结构的控制方法,分析对比了不同合成路线和制备工艺的技术特点;并介绍了侧链型聚酰亚胺泡沫塑料以及聚酰亚胺纳米泡沫塑料的合成路线和制备工艺。聚酰亚胺纳米泡沫塑料的纳米效应及其物理化学性能研究等也将是今后的重点。     

盐酸西替利嗪的合成工艺综述

经过国内外大量文献的检索和分析,总结出盐酸西替利嗪的合成工艺,并对各种合成工艺路线的优劣作了初步的评价。 更多还原     

2-氨基噻唑戊烯酸

介绍了第4代可口服头孢类抗生素———头孢卡品的侧链2氨基噻唑戊烯酸的合成路线与市场分析。该产品的合成路线与氨噻肟酸的合成路线相似,由乙酰乙酸乙酯经过溴化、醚化、环合、水解等步骤完成。总产率58%。     

尼泊金酯类防腐剂的合成

采用苯酚钾与二氧化碳羧化法制得对-羟基苯甲酸钾，而后与醇进行酯化的工艺路线，合成了尼泊金酯类。提供了合成尼泊金酯类的具体操作方法、中间产品的控制和产品的性状。讨论了中间体制备中，反应物摩尔比，体系含水量，反应压力、温度、时间，搅拌强度等对中间体收率的影响；酯化过程中，酯化时间，催化剂用量，反应物配比对尼泊金酯收率的影响。     

阿折地平的合成及其结晶的研究

对阿折地平的合成工艺进行了研究,设计了一条适合于工业化生产的合成路线。以(1-二苯甲基-3-吖丁啶醇)脒基乙酸酯乙酸盐(Ⅲ)和2-(3-硝基苄叉)乙酰乙酸异丙酯(Ⅳ)为原料通过麦克加成得产品阿折地平(Ⅴ),产物收率86%,产品纯度大于99.5%。其中原料(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)可通过其它原料的合成得到,由乙酰乙酸异丙酯和间硝基苯甲醛可得原料(Ⅳ),产物收率76%;由3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷和二苯甲胺制备1-二苯甲基-3-吖丁啶醇(Ⅰ),产物收率58%,化合物(Ⅰ)与氰基乙酸酯化得(1-二苯甲基-3-吖丁啶醇)氰基乙酸酯(Ⅱ),产物收率90%,化合物(Ⅱ)醇解胺化得原料(Ⅲ),产物收率85%。合成路线总收率达到30%,高于目前文献报道合成路线的收率。阿折地平粗品用苯-正己烷重结晶得α型阿折地平产品,用单一溶剂氯苯结晶得β型阿折地平产品。所有中间体和产品均采用HPLC和1H-NMR进行了定性及定量分析。     

辛伐他汀的合成研究新进展

介绍了辛伐他汀的几种合成路线,即属于化学合成法的侧链合成法和甲基化法及新开发出的生物合成法,分析了每种合成方法的优缺点,并指出生物合成法具有明显优势,反应路线短,使用溶剂较少,反应条件温和,产品质量较好,经济效益较好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.