有机小分子与DNA的相互作用及其在DNA分析中的应用

以有机小分子与DNA的作用机理为基础，从分光光度法、荧光法、光散射技术、电化学分析方法等多种分析手段出发，详细阐述了有机试剂在DNA分析中的最新应用进展，并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

有机小分子与DNA相互作用的研究手段进展

概述了有机小分子与DNA的结合模式、结合构象等方面的表征手段,并介绍了分子模拟法从原子水平上得到有机小分子与DNA的作用信息。     

有机荧光探针试剂的进展

综述了有机荧光探针试剂及其在生物分析化学中应用的进展。重点评价了有机小分子化合物探针的近况及其应用前景。文献共７３篇。     

不同环境中孔雀石绿与DNA相互作用的研究

文章对小分子染料孔雀石绿与DNA的相互作用进行了研究,通过紫外可见光谱、同步荧光光谱及共振散射光谱等方法,探讨了小分子染料与DNA的相互作用机理,并进一步考察了p H、表面活性剂、离子强度、不同溶剂及环糊精(β-CD)对其结合性质的影响,这一类研究对寻找合适的生物探针有重要的指导意义。     

不同环境中结晶紫与DNA相互作用的研究

文章对小分子染料结晶紫与DNA的相互作用进行了研究,通过紫外可见光谱探讨了小分子染料与DNA的相互作用机理,并进一步考察了pH、不同溶剂对其结合性质的影响,这一类研究对寻找合适的生物探针有重要的指导意义。     

现代有机及生物分析新方法新技术的研制开发及应用

本文简要介绍了现代有机分析的产生发展及应用;重点介绍了:(1)现代有机及生物分析仪器设备、试剂及相关产品的研制与开发;(2)现代有机及生物分析在医药学检测与分析中的应用。并对现代有机分析的发展进行了展望。     

金团簇的分析研究进展

介绍了荧光AuNCs在分析和生物应用的最新进展,总结了AuNCs在检测阴阳离子、有机小分子、蛋白质等生物大分子及在生物成像等方面的应用,指出了AuNCs现阶段存在的问题,展望了多功能化的AuNCs在生物分析上的应用。     

金团簇的分析研究进展

介绍了荧光AuNCs在分析和生物应用的最新进展,总结了AuNCs在检测阴阳离子、有机小分子、蛋白质等生物大分子及在生物成像等方面的应用,指出了AuNCs现阶段存在的问题,展望了多功能化的AuNCs在生物分析上的应用。     

成都生物所铜/钯共催化烯烃不对称硼碳化反应研究获进展

<正>手性有机硼试剂是一类重要的构建碳碳键和碳杂键的合成子,广泛应用于天然产物、生物活性小分子及功能材料的合成中。通过烯烃不对称碳硼化反应来构建手性有机硼化合物是一种简捷高效的方法,目前相关报道非常少。     

微生物细胞工厂生产化学品的研究进展——以几种典型小分子和大分子化学品为例

微生物细胞工厂的创制和优化改造是绿色生物制造的重要内容。基于构建高效微生物细胞工厂的主要使能技术及其新发展,以几种典型小分子和大分子化学品为例,综述了微生物细胞工厂生产化学品的研究进展。讨论了启动子工程、代谢流分析等经典的使能技术和CRISPR基因编辑、诱变耦合高通量筛选、基于人工智能的生物信息学等新技术对于微生物细胞工厂构筑的重要作用。分别以有机醇、有机酸、有机胺小分子和多糖、聚酯类生物大分子的微生物合成为例,分析了如何面向不同特点的产物分子,设计实施不同的基因改造策略,并概述了近年来代表性菌株的生产性能。进一步展望了未来微生物细胞工厂生产化学品的总体发展趋势和应用前景。     

Measuring Enzymatic Activities with Nanopores

Nanopores have become powerful and versatile tools for measuring single molecules since their emergence in the mid-1990s. They can be used to sense a wide variety of analytes including metal ions, small organic molecules, DNA/RNA, proteins, etc. to monitor chemical reactions, and to sequence DNA. Recently, enzymes have been studied by using nanopore technologies. In this Minireview, we highlight recent efforts in developing nanopore enzymology and categorize the related work into three groups: 1) measuring enzymatic activities with nanopore-enzyme hybrids; 2) measuring enzymatic activities through sensing their catalytic products with nanopores; 3) the use of enzymes for DNA sequencing and DNA/protein translocation. At the end, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in nanopore enzymology.     

A Personal Perspective on Chemical Biology: Before the Beginning

This perspective represents a brief personal account of early days before “chemical biology” emerged as a field of inquiry. Imagine a time when oligomers of DNA could not be synthesized and the order of the TACG letters in DNA could not be sequenced. Even the high resolution structure of the DNA double helix was not yet determined. 1975 was a time when there was a deep chasm between chemistry and biology. Chemists with precise knowledge of all the atoms in natural product architectures looked with dismay at the imprecise messy world of biology. Water was to be avoided! My view was that the power of synthetic organic chemistry should be used to create function, synthesis with a purpose. Our organic group at Caltech would embrace molecular recognition of biologics in water as a frontier for chemistry. We dreamed of inventing small molecules that would control the activity of macromolecules such as DNA, proteins and carbohydrates in living cells. We chemists would sky dive into the messy world of biology.     

DNA stability in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents

DNA molecules are known as the genetic information carriers. Recently, they have been explored as a new generation of biocatalysts or chiral scaffolds for metal catalysts. There is also growing interest in finding alternative solvents for DNA preservation and stabilization, including two unique types of solvents: ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). Therefore, it is important to understand how DNA molecules interact with these novel ionic solvent systems (i.e. ILs and DES). It is well known that inorganic divalent and monovalent ions preferentially bind with major and minor grooves of DNA structures. However, in the case of ILs and DES, organic cations may intrude into the DNA minor grooves; more importantly, electrostatic attraction between organic cations and the DNA phosphate backbone becomes a predominant interaction, accompanied by hydrophobic and polar interactions between ILs and DNA major and minor grooves. In addition, anions may form hydrogen bonds with cytosine, adenine and guanine bases. Despite these strong interactions, DNA molecules maintain a double helical structure in most ionic solvent systems, especially in aqueous IL solutions. The exciting advances of G‐quadruplex DNA structures in ILs and DES are also discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Organic transistors and phototransistors based on small molecules

Significant advances have been made recently in the area of organic electronics and optoelectronics based on small molecules as a result of the synthesis of new soluble and air‐stable molecules. First reported 20 years ago, organic transistors quickly became a focus of intense research and development in academic and industrial laboratories. The great progress achieved thus far offers an opportunity for the production of new small electro‐active molecules and the implementation of low‐cost device fabrication technologies. This review focuses on recently synthesized p‐ or n‐type organic semiconductors, particularly those suitable for fabrication of solution‐processed and/or air‐stable field effect transistors with an emphasis on low‐cost wet processes. The numerous recent efforts realized in optoelectronics, particularly on phototransistors based on small molecules, offer various opportunities in applications for such organic compounds. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Complexes of nucleic acids with oppositely charged amphiphilic ions in aqueous and organic solutions

The published data on the interaction of DNA macromolecules with cationic amphiphiles (surfactants) are analyzed. The effect of the structure of surfactant molecules on their interaction with DNA and the structure of DNA-surfactant complexes is examined. The unique property of DNA molecules to preserve the double-helix conformation in complexes is considered. The structure of DNA-surfactant complexes in aqueous and organic solutions is discussed, and examples of the possible application of these complexes are presented.     

金属矿浮选有机抑制剂的研究进展

简述了金属矿浮选中有机抑制剂的分类与结构特征,对小分子和大分子有机抑制剂的研究进展进行了综述,并对有机抑制剂的性能判据及作用机理进行了总结,为今后有机抑制剂的研究和开发提供了理论依据.     

功能性有机小分子对丙烯酸酯类水性阻尼涂料性能的影响

丙烯酸酯类树脂具备高分子材料特有的优异阻尼特性,同时又具有很好的稳定性和耐候性,该研究以含有极性基团的内烯酸酯乳液为基础,通过2种乳液的共混及添加受阻酚类有机小分子等制备水性阻尼涂料,考察了有机小分子的氢键作用对阻尼涂料阻尼性能的影响.通过动态力学分析(DMA)发现,功能性有机小分子可以提高乳液的玻璃化转变温度和阻尼性能,同时可以调节2种共混乳液间的相容性,从而有效拓宽共混样品的高阻尼温域.红外分析发现,增加样品中有机小分子的含量,样品中的氢键含量会相应提高.     

Advancing Small‐Molecule‐Based Chemical Biology with Next‐Generation Sequencing Technologies

Next‐generation‐sequencing (NGS) technologies enable us to obtain extensive information by deciphering millions of individual DNA sequencing reactions simultaneously. The new DNA‐sequencing strategies exceed their precursors in output by many orders of magnitude, resulting in a quantitative increase in valuable sequence information that could be harnessed for qualitative analysis. Sequencing on this scale has facilitated significant advances in diverse disciplines, ranging from the discovery, design, and evaluation of many small molecules and relevant biological mechanisms to maturation of personalized therapies. NGS technologies that have recently become affordable allow us to gain in‐depth insight into small‐molecule‐triggered biological phenomena and empower researchers to develop advanced versions of small molecules. In this review we focus on the overlooked implications of NGS technologies in chemical biology, with a special emphasis on small‐molecule development and screening.     

DNA Encoded Libraries: A Visitor's Guide

In 1992, Brenner and Lerner hypothesized that individual chemical transformations could be encoded in DNA, allowing the rapid synthesis and screening of large collections of small molecules. Since their report, huge investments into the development of the DNA encoded library (DEL) technology have enabled the acceleration of the drug discovery process especially early phase discovery undertakings such as target validation and hit identification. As DEL lies at the nexus between chemistry and biology, there is an increasing need to expand the toolboxes of both organic transformations and biological methods. However, the myriad of techniques and reactions already reported can be difficult to digest for practitioners whose expertise resides outside the realm of DEL. This review therefore focuses on a stepwise presentation of DEL from the basic concepts to newest developments. The presentation includes the history, fundamentals, and successes of DEL, different methods for DEL synthesis and affinity selection, the conventional transformations, and finally the latest developments from a synthetic organic perspective.