硅线石材料的预处理及其莫来石化行为

研究了硅线石材料的预处理及其莫来石化行为。结果表明：本文设计的少污染、无需专用设备的酸洗工艺能满足除杂的要求。采用球磨的方法获得的微细硅线石粉料有利于莫来石的转化；借助于X－射线衍射图详细地分析了三种温度下硅线石的莫来石化行为，在低于理论温度1545℃的情况下，已有部分莫来石生成，在1650℃×4h的条件下，可彻底地转化为莫来石和玻璃相，并用HF萃取法测定这一条件下的莫来石转化率。最后，通过合适工艺获得了平均粒径为2．8μm的合成莫来石粉料。     

硅线石及其尾矿利用研究

硅线石属于蓝晶石族高铝矿物,它是一种十分重要的非金属矿物原料。硅线石可以在1545℃时不可逆转化成莫来石和Si O2(方石英),这就是硅线石的莫来石化行为。此固相反应不仅可以合成莫来石瓷,而且相变过程中产生的体积效应可以被用于材料的增韧。本文介绍了硅线石陶瓷化及其应用,并简要介绍了材料制备的工艺。硅线石选矿提纯因工艺不精,得到精矿后的尾矿中硅铝含量依旧很高。因此,对于硅线石尾矿的利用研究意义重大。本文综述了硅线石尾矿的几种应用实例,并简述了硅线石尾矿利用的重要性。     

氧化铝-莫来石复合粉对莫来石烧结行为的影响

将莫来石先驱体溶胶预先引入到硫酸铝水溶液中 ,干燥后经 12 0 0℃煅烧获得氧化铝 -莫来石复合粉料。研究了该粉料与硅溶胶混合获得的混合粉的烧结行为 ,并与氧化铝、莫来石晶种和硅溶胶三相混合获得的混合粉的烧结行为进行了分析比较。其中 ,两种混合粉料均是以理论莫来石组分进行配比 (Al2 O3∶SiO2 =72∶2 8) ,并且两种混合粉中莫来石晶种的质量分数均为 5%。实验结果表明 :前者在 1450℃烧结 2 0min即实现完全莫来石化 ,其显微结构为晶须状莫来石 ;后者在 150 0℃烧结 2 0min实现完全莫来石化 ,其显微结构为针状莫来石     

红柱石原料高温结构演变及抗钾蒸气侵蚀行为研究

红柱石是铝硅系耐火材料重要的原料之一，因完全莫来石化后具有莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相相间的结构而表现出优异的抗碱侵蚀性能。然而，其莫来石化程度与抗碱侵蚀性能之间的关系尚未厘清。为此，本工作以粒度为3～5 mm的红柱石为研究对象，在1 450～1 600℃下热处理红柱石3 h,研究了红柱石的莫来石化过程与结构演变，并采用碱蒸气法研究了抗碱侵蚀行为。结果表明，随着热处理温度的提高，红柱石表面及裂纹附近先转变形成莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相结构，随后莫来石化转变不断向内部发展，直至完全莫来石化。红柱石莫来石化程度不同决定了其不同的抗碱侵蚀行为。1 450℃热处理后的红柱石表面及大裂纹附近形成的莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相复合层较薄，侵蚀以红柱石与钾蒸气直接反应为主，抗碱侵蚀性能较差；1 500℃及以上温度热处理的红柱石表面及大裂纹附近形成了一定厚度的莫来石-高硅氧玻璃相复合层，钾蒸气首先与高硅氧玻璃相反应形成含钾硅酸盐液相，随后该液相对莫来石相产生侵蚀溶解，阻止了碱蒸气对莫来石的直接反应侵蚀，从而使红柱石表现出优良的抗碱侵蚀性能。     

硅线石莫来石化材料在液态模锻模具中的应用

将硅线石莫来石化材料用于制作液态模锻模具中的凹模,并进行了铝合金液态模锻试验。尽管在实际比压值未达到材料的许用比压值时,凹模即遭到破坏,但所获得的铝合金制件表观良好,这说明用硅线石莫来石化材料。作为液态模锻的模具材料是可行的。在试验结果的基础上,对试验中的不足进行了认真地分析,并提出了具体的解决措施。     

氟化铝对红柱石莫来石化的影响

本文主要研究了氟化铝的加入对红柱石矿物转化为莫来石的温度,转化程度以及生成相莫来石的形态的影响.结果表明,加入6wt％氟化铝可以使红柱石矿物在1300℃完全莫来石化;同时氟化铝的加入可以促进莫来石晶体各向异性生长,得到直径为0.5～2.0 μm,长径比为20～40的莫来石晶须,可以用于制备自增韧的莫来石陶瓷或莫来石晶须增强的复合材料.     

硅线石莫来石化材料在液态模锻模具中的应用

将硅线石莫来石化材料用于制作液态模锻模具中的凹模，并进行了铝合金液态模锻试验。尽管在实际比压值未达到材料的许用比压值时，凹模即遭到破坏，但所获得的铝合金制作表观良好，这说明用硅线石莫来石化材料作为液态模锻的模具材料是可行的。在试验结果的基础上，对试验中的不足进行了认真地分析，并提出了具体的解决措施。     

南非红柱石细粉的烧结行为和莫来石化研究

采用南非红柱石细粉(粒度≤0.088mm)为原料,粉体在200MPa下成型为36mm×10mm试样,选择煅烧温度为1200～1600℃(温度间隔50℃),研究了南非红柱石细粉的烧结行为。通过对试样烧后线变化率、体积密度、显气孔率及XRD分析数据进行处理,分析了红柱石分解和莫来石化反应的行为特征。结果表明:1200℃左右已有莫来石生成;1500℃红柱石分解完全。随着温度的升高,红柱石和莫来石两者的消长主要出现在1300～1400℃,而反应过程有如下先后顺序:材料膨胀,红柱石分解,莫来石生成。温度低于1400℃,莫来石化反应膨胀和基质烧结同时存在,出现局部膨胀和局部烧结排除气孔共存的现象,导致显气孔率的变化趋势与烧后线变化率及体积密度的变化趋势不对应。高于1450℃,液相促进烧结起主导作用,材料大幅度收缩。1400℃煅烧后试样的线收缩率最小。     

用红柱石生成莫来石

在1250－1700℃之间，用X射线衍射技术研究了伊朗精红柱石在添加与不添加氧化铝粉情况下生成莫来石的变化过程。该红柱石在1600℃经过2h的加热后，被完全转化为由莫来石构成的、作为主相和非晶相的复合物。红柱石的粒度分布影响了在1500℃下煅烧的粉料的莫来石化。     

莫来石-堇青石陶瓷窑具材料的性能及显微结构

研究了红柱石骨料的莫来石化作用及添加剂SiC的加入量、合成莫来石的引入和烧成温度对莫来石-堇青石窑具材料性能及显微结构的影响。结果表明 ,在 1380℃ 4h下烧成时 ,红柱石的莫来石化作用能大大改善材料的烧结性能 ;加入 4 %的SiC可提高材料的物理性能 ;部分合成莫来石的加入可克服红柱石在莫来石化过程中的不足 ,强化材料的组织结构 ,提高材料的物理性能     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.