室温下废旧石墨负极负载二氧化锰除甲醛性能的研究

废旧锂离子电池中的石墨负极附加价值低，回收后的石墨粉往往含有重金属、有机物等，对环境具有潜在的危害，亟需资源化的回收方法加以利用。经反复充放电后的废旧石墨负极表面含较多的官能团，结构的无序性增加，是良好的除甲醛材料，但其只能够通过吸附而无法催化降解甲醛。本文采用机械球磨法对废旧石墨负极材料进行改性，并通过水热法负载MnO₂制备得到石墨@MnO₂复合材料，在室温下实现甲醛的高效去除，甲醛去除率达97.58%。     

膨胀石墨对重油吸附特性的研究

用重量法研究了膨胀石墨对重油的吸附特性，并与活性炭进行了比较。讨论了表征吸附量的数学模型，对膨胀石墨大孔吸附机理进行了探讨．研究表明：以大孔为主的膨胀石墨吸附材料有良好的吸附重油的性能，明显优于活性炭。     

PEMFC用石墨/酚醛树脂复合板的膨胀石墨表面改性

提出采用膨胀石墨对石墨/酚醛树脂复合板进行表面改性,改性后复合板的体积电阻和接触电阻都有显著降低。考察了膨胀石墨的膨胀体积、膨胀石墨层厚度等因素对膨胀石墨改性复合板的接触电阻和体积电阻的影响。结果表明,膨胀石墨的膨胀体积是影响膨胀石墨改性复合板体积电阻和接触电阻的重要因素。随膨胀石墨层厚度增加,接触电阻先减小而后趋于不变。复合板中酚醛树脂含量越高,采用膨胀石墨表面改性对降低复合板的体积电阻和接触电阻的效果越显著。     

Fe_3O_4@TiO_2-膨胀石墨的制备及其光催化性能研究

制备了核壳式Fe3O4@TiO2-膨胀石墨光催化剂,考察了其吸附及光催化性能。实验结果表明:锐钛矿型TiO2对Fe3O4进行了有效包覆,并均匀地沉积在膨胀石墨的表面及沟壑中,制备的样品具有超顺磁性。核壳式改性Fe3O4@TiO2-膨胀石墨的比饱和磁化强度为28.3 emu/g,对苯酚的吸附率可达20.1%,降解率为72.1%。     

活性炭孔结构和表面官能团对吸附甲醛性能影响

通过对不同比表面积和孔结构的活性炭进行甲醛吸附的研究，以重量法精确测量活性炭对甲醛气体的饱和吸附量，比较各种活性炭和改性活性炭的吸附效果。实验表明，活性炭对甲醛分子的吸附与其孔结构和表面官能团密切相关，微孔比表面积大吸附效果明显，中孔比表面积大达到吸附平衡的时间短。此外，通过对活性炭浸渍改性的研究表明，强氧化性的HNO，和H202处理的样品均有利于对甲醛分子的吸附，而氨基改性过的样品吸附效果减弱，主要原因是HNO3改性增加了活性炭表面的C=O、O-C=O等含氧官能团的量，从而改善了对甲醛的吸附效果。     

膨胀石墨/环氧树脂/有机硅树脂三元复合材料的制备 与研究

膨胀石墨垫片是一种优异的密封材料,被广泛地应用于核电、化工、石油等密封领域,但是其疏松多孔的性质导致膨胀石墨垫片的使用受到很大的限制。采用KH-560硅烷偶联剂对膨胀石墨表面进行处理后,增强其在环氧树脂中的浸润性,并通过有机硅树脂改性增强环氧树脂的韧性,再将经表面处理的膨胀石墨通过浸渍法分散在改性环氧树脂中制备三元复合材料,使其具有优异的拉伸强度,并通过IR、XRD、TG对其结构及热力学性能进行表征。     

膨胀石墨的工艺优化及性能研究

利用混酸法与单酸法制备膨胀石墨,通过XRD、FESEM对2种制备方法进行比较并优化工艺条件,对吸附性能进行表征。实验得出,混酸法制备膨胀石墨的最佳工艺为:原料质量配比m(H2SO4)∶m(HNO3)∶m(石墨)=3∶1∶1,m(石墨)∶m(高锰酸钾)=1.00∶0.15,膨化温度为900℃;与单酸法相比,混酸法制备的膨胀石墨膨胀效果明显,吸附性能好,产物结构较规整。     

新型环保材料膨胀石墨的电化学法制备及性能

以有机-无机混酸溶液为介质用电化学法制备了膨胀石墨，并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其表面形貌，膨胀后的石墨具有丰富的网络状结构，形成吸附油的储存空间。膨胀石墨对重油的吸附量随着膨胀容积的增大而增加，合适的电流密度、电解液浓度以及反应时间是制备高膨胀容积膨胀石墨的关键。     

膨胀石墨与活性炭对工业油吸附性的对比研究

选用膨胀体积为150、250、350 mL/g的膨胀石墨和活性炭为吸附剂,以汽油、煤油、柴油、真空泵油和汽机油为吸附质,采用重量法测定了吸附剂对吸附质的吸附性能,实验结果表明：膨胀体积为350 mL/g的膨胀石墨对吸附质的吸附量分别为40、47、52、64、70 g,活性炭的吸附量分别为3.02、3.04、3.08、3.1、3.4 g;膨胀石墨的滞留吸附量分别减少至8、10、17、24、30 g,活性炭的滞留吸附量变化不大.对比了不同膨胀体积的膨胀石墨和活性炭对吸附质的吸附性能,膨胀体积越大,吸附量越大.用SEM和TEM对膨胀石墨的形貌进行了表征,探讨了吸附和滞留吸附的机理.     

吸附法处理含油废水的研究进展

含油废水是一种较难处理的工业废水,而吸附法处理则可以达到较好的效果,所以常采用吸附剂的吸附作用实现处理过程。结合吸附法处理含油废水过程中较常使用的吸附剂,分别介绍了活性炭、膨润土、膨胀石墨、粉煤灰等的作用机理、吸附特性及部分改性方法。综合国内外近年来的研究成果,总结现有吸附剂的局限性及其改进方向,并对今后吸附剂的发展前景进行探讨。     

Preparation and characterization of graphite nanosheets from ultrasonic powdering technique

Natural flake graphite was exfoliated into exfoliated graphite via an acid intercalation procedure. The resulting exfoliated graphite was a worm-like particle composed of graphite sheets with thickness in the nanometer scale. Subjecting it to ultrasonic irradiation, the exfoliated graphite was effectively further foliated into isolated graphite nanosheets. SEM, TEM, SAD, laser counting, and BET measurements revealed that the graphite nanosheets prepared with 10 h irradiation were about 52 nm in thickness and 13 μm in diameter. FTIR examination showed that there were oxygen-containing groups presented on the surface of the exfoliated graphite. This result substantiated the statement reported in the literature that acid treatment could result in oxidization of carbon bonds on graphite surface.     

Synergistic Effects of Carbon Fillers of Phenolic Resin Based Composite Bipolar Plates on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cell

The most essential and costly component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the bipolar plate. The production of suitable composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with good mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity is scientifically and technically very challenging. This paper reports the development of composite bipolar plates using exfoliated graphite, carbon black, and graphite powder in resole‐typed phenol formaldehyde. The exfoliated graphite with maximum exfoliated volume of 570 ± 10 mL g⁻¹ used in this study was prepared by microwave irradiation of chemically intercalated natural flake graphite in a few minutes. The composite plates were prepared by varying exfoliated graphite content from 10 to 35 wt.% in phenolic resin along with fixed weight percentage of carbon black (5 wt.%) and graphite powder (3 wt.%) by compression molding. The composite plates with filler weight percentage of 35/5/3/exfoliated graphite/carbon black/graphite powder offer in‐plane and trough‐plane electrical conductivities of 374.42 and 97.32 S cm⁻¹, bulk density 1.58 g cm⁻³, compressive strength 70.43 MPa, flexural strength 61.82 MPa, storage modulus 10.25 GPa, microhardness 73.23 HV and water absorption 0.22%. Further, I–V characteristics notify that exfoliated graphite/carbon black/graphite powder/resin composite bipolar plates in unit fuel cell shows better cell performance compared exfoliated graphite/resin composite bipolar plates. The composite plates own desired mechanical properties with low bulk density, high electrical conductivity, and good thermal stability as per the U.S. department of energy targets at low filler concentration and can be used as bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.     

混酸插层制备膨胀石墨研究

对采用H2SO4-HNO3-KMnO4-H2O2混酸氧化插层体系制备膨胀石墨进行了研究,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）和热重一差热法（TG-DTA）分析产物,并提出了氧化插层过程和机理。分析表明：插入剂的插入破坏了原有鳞片石墨层的紧密结构,使碳层间距增大,高温膨胀后,膨胀石墨呈蠕虫状或手风琴状蓬松结构,一个石墨蠕虫由许多微胞连接在一起组成,微胞之间呈现较大的狭缝裂开。氧化插层破坏了鳞片石墨原有的晶体结构,但是未破坏石墨的C—C键,20=29．5。处的特征峰是由石墨插层物结晶区引起的。可膨胀石墨片层。间存在SO4^2-、NO2阴离子插层物。可膨胀石墨在500℃之前的热失重和267℃附近较小的放热峰,均是由石墨插层物的气化、分解所致。     

Effect of a novel environmentally friendly additive of polyaspartic acid on the properties of urea formaldehyde resins/montmorillonite

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) is a biodegradable green material with carboxyl groups ( COOH) and amido groups ( CO NH ). In the article, a novel urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin modified by PASP and Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-Mt) was prepared by the alkaline-acid-alkaline method. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of viscosity, curing time, and free formaldehyde were investigated. The results showed that the layered structure of Ca-Mt was exfoliated and dispersed in the bulk of UF. The thermal stability of the modified UF was much better than that of pure UF resin. The percentage of free formaldehyde was declined from 26 to 18%. Meanwhile, the UF composites showed the short curing time and the optimum viscosity. Finally, a synthetic process of UF modified by PASP and Ca-Mt and a possible mechanism for immobilizing the free formaldehyde were suggested. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48038.     

In situ oxidative degradation of formaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide electrogenerated on the modified graphites

The cathodic reduction of oxygen and the degradation of formaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide electrogenerated in situ was studied at graphite and modified graphite as cathodes. The peak current of the cathodic reduction of oxygen increased significantly when anodically treated graphite and graphite modified with 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21 H,23H-porphyrine cobalt (Co(IIOTP) were used as cathodes, respectively. The current density for the oxidative degradation of formaldehyde was significantly increased when graphite was replaced by anodized graphite as the cathode. Using anodized graphite as cathode, the degradation fractions of the formaldehyde were 99.6 and 98.3% in divided and undivided cells, respectively.     

关于膨胀石墨体积密度研究

研究分析了影响膨胀石墨体积密度的诸要素，得出在其他条件不变的情况下，改变插入反应中氧化物含量、硫酸浓度以及膨化反应中膨胀温度、加热速率、可膨胀石墨质量，均能显著影响膨胀石墨的体积密度。     

用H_2O_2-H_2SO_4合成低硫GIC的研究

采用化学氧化法在浓硫酸与双氧水混合液中合成了H2SO4-GIC ,研究了插层工艺参数如双氧水浓度、双氧水与浓硫酸的配比以及水洗液的pH值、烘干温度、膨化温度等对膨胀容积和残余硫含量的影响 ,同时也对整个插层机理进行了探讨 ,得到了制造低硫膨胀石墨的合理工艺参数。     

改性沥青树脂及其复合材料的制备及相关性能

以煤沥青为原料、三聚甲醛为交联剂,在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下合成了沥青树脂（COPNA树脂）,通过添加酚醛树脂对其进行了改性;分别以沥青树脂和改性树脂为原料,与石墨混合制备了复合材料。考察了酚醛树脂含量对改性树脂的残炭率、甲苯不溶物含量、喹啉不溶物含量、p树脂含量的影响,以及树脂含量对复合材料的电阻率,肖氏硬度的影响;采用FT—IR和H—NMR研究其反应机理;采用TG研究了沥青树脂和改性树脂的热行为。研究表明,酚醛树脂与沥青树脂可以在一定比例范围内进行复配,在加热混合过程中酚醛树脂与沥青树脂发生化学反应,提高了沥青树脂的耐热性。经酚醛树脂改性的沥青树脂具有更高残炭率、更高β树脂含量和更好耐热性。改性后的树脂复合材料具有更高的电阻率、更高的肖氏硬度和更高的耐磨性。     

Purification and carbon-film-coating of natural graphite as anode materials for Li-ion batteries

A process of modification of natural graphite materials as anode for lithium ion batteries was attempted. The process started with the treatment of natural graphite with concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a thermal autoclave, followed by the in situ polymerization of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin to coat the graphite, then heat-treatment. SEM, XRD, Raman and electrochemical charge-discharge analysis showed that the surface defects and impurities on natural graphite were eliminated by purification of the concentrated acids, and carbon-film encapsulation modified the surface structure of the graphite and reduced its BET surface area. The as-obtained natural graphite sample presented an initial charge-discharge coulombic efficiency of 88.4% and a reversible capacity of 355.8 mAh g⁻¹. The proposed process paves a way to prepare a promising anode material with excellent performance with low cost of natural graphite for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.     

Effect of Graphitic Nanosheets on the Physical Properties of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Composite Films

In this study, microstructural and physical properties of cyclic olefin copolymer composite films prepared by melt processing method and using of graphitic nanofillers, namely, graphite, graphite oxide, and reduced graphite oxide were investigated. Structural and physical properties of the chemically modified graphites and composite films were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and thermogravimetric analyzer methods. It was found that the composite films including reduced graphite oxide exhibited exfoliated structure whereas graphite- and graphite oxide-based films showed intercalated structure. It was also obtained that all composite films showed superior gas barrier performance compared to the cyclic olefin copolymer.