电解水Ni-S电极合金的研究

采用电沉积法在镍网上制备Ni-S合金，在固定的溶液组成、电镀的电流密度和温度的条件下，研究电沉积时间对电极析氢过电位的影响。试验结果表明，与未镀合金的电极相比，Ni-S合金电极的析氢过电位可降低130mV，具有很好的析氢反应活性。     

钴钨复合电极在碱性介质中的电催化析氢性能

为提高电极的电催化析氢性能,在钴电沉积中加入钨粉,制得钴钨复合电极,采用阴极极化曲线法、交流阻抗技术和扫描电子显微技术研究了电极在碱性介质中的催化析氢性能。与钴电极相比,钴钨复合电极表面粗糙,具有较大的交换电流密度和较小的析氢反应电阻。结果表明：复合电极的电催化析氢性能优于钴电极。     

电沉积Ni—W—P活性阴极的制备研究

研究了电沉积Ni—W—P电极的析氢电催化活性、长期稳定性,并对其催化活性进行了分析。此电极具有优良的析氢电催化活性和长期电解稳定性,是制作活性阴极的材料之一。     

恒电位沉积制备超疏气的Co-Mo-Cu-O微纳米电极

在电解水析氢析氧过程中,反应生成的气体易粘附粉末状电极的表面,形成严重的"气泡屏蔽效应"。因此制备出电催化性能优异且超疏气纳米结构电解水电极具有重大意义。通过选取具有亲水性的本征材料,利用恒电位沉积与高温缓慢氧化制备超疏气的Co-Mo-Cu-O微纳米电极,并研究了其作为电解水催化剂的析氢析氧活性以及超疏气性能。     

Pt-WC/Ti电极在酸性介质中的电催化析氢性能

通过复合电沉积技术制备出Ｐｔ－ＷＣ／Ｔｉ电极,并研究了Ｐｔ－ＷＣ／Ｔｉ电极在酸性介质中的电催化析氢性能,实验结果表明：复合电极的电催化析氢性能高于镀铂电极,性能的提高完全归因于电极比表面积的增加,该复合电极代替铂电极的使用具有一定的意义。     

电化学技术制备析氢电极材料的研究进展

电化学方法是制备析氢电极材料最常用、最简单的方法之一。介绍了采用电化学方法制备晶态合金、纳米晶合金、非晶态合金及复合金属等析氢电极材料的研究进展,并对电极催化析氢机理进行了概述。     

烧结温度对嵌入SnO2钌锡涂层电化学性能的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了SnO2纳米晶,并将摩尔分数为20％的SnO2纳米晶加入Ru–Sn涂液中.在钛上涂覆后经过不同温度烧结,制得RuO2–SnO2涂层.通过循环伏安法测试了钛涂RuO2–SnO2电极的电容性能和催化活性点,通过Tafel曲线表征了其对析氧反应的电催化活性.结果表明,270℃下热分解得到的涂层电极具有最高的电催化活性.     

控制电位脉冲电沉积法制备析氢Ni-S电极

采用控制电位脉冲电沉积法制备Ni-S合金电极,并在25%NaOH溶液中测试阴极极化曲线和交流阻抗,表征所制备电极的催化析氢活性。探讨了脉冲电流密度,脉冲限制电位及硫脲加入量对电沉积的影响,确定了电沉积制备Ni-S电极的适宜条件。结果显示:脉冲电流密度为7.1 A/dm2,脉冲电位上限为-0.70 V,脉冲电位下限为-1.75 V,V(瓦特镍溶液)(290 g/L NiSO4.6H2O,50 g/LNiCl2.6H2 O,40 g/L H3 BO3)与V(10%硫脲)比值为20∶8,制备的Ni-S电极具有最高的催化析氢性能。     

镍-钨/二氧化锆纳米复合电极析氢性能的研究

在含有20g/L硫酸镍、45 g/L钨酸钠、50 g/L配位剂和10g/L二氧化锆(粒径约20 rim)的溶液(pH=6)中,电沉积制备了Ni-w/ZrO,纳米复合电极.通过电化学方法研究了该纳米复合电极在质量分数为30%的NaOH溶液中的催化析氢性能,并与Ni-W合金电极进行了对比.利用扫描电镜观察了电极的表面形貌.结果表明,Ni-W/ZrO2纳米复合电极的催化析氢活性及稳定性均优于Ni-W合金电极.     

金属有机骨架衍生的自支撑Co9S8/Ni3S2纳米片阵列用于高效电催化分解水性能研究

采用简单、可控的阳离子交换法和水热法在导电基底上成功构筑了具有自支撑纳米片阵列结构的Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2电催化剂,在碱性电解液(1 mol/L KOH)中,采用三电极体系分别研究了Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2的电催化析氧和析氢性能。在析氧性能测试中,Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2/NF电催化剂获取50、100 mA/cm~2的催化电流密度所需要的过电位仅为230、280 mV。而在析氢性能测试中,Co_9S_8/Ni_3S_2/NF电催化剂获取-100 mA/cm~2的催化析氢电流密度所需的过电位仅为129 mV,同时该催化剂表现出了优异的电催化稳定性,其优异的电催化性能归因于其自支撑纳米片阵列结构,可提供更多的活性位点。     

电沉积Ni-S、Ni-P-S合金析氢阴极的研究

在电沉积法制备Ni-S合金电极的基础上,向镀液中添加次亚磷酸钠制备了Ni-P-S合金电极。电化学测试结果表明,Ni-P-S和Ni-S合金电极的催化性能都要好于其它电极,Ni-P-S合金电极的性能随着次亚磷酸钠质量浓度的升高而降低。计算了电极的电极反应动力学参数(包括Tafel斜率b、交换电流密度0ρ和过电位η),解释了Ni-P-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极在不同电流密度区活性不同的原因。恒电流电解表明,Ni-P-S合金电极具有较高的稳定性。电极的微观形貌用SEM进行表征,成份用能谱进行分析,通过X射线衍射分析电极的晶型结构。     

Electrochemical processes in the photoelectrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on the chlorophyll electrodes

The photoelectrolysis, in which redox compounds are electrolysed on a pair of photo-excitable electrodes by supplying photo—energy in place of electric energy, has been performed. The photo—excitable electrodes were prepared by coating a platinum plate with a thin layer of a chlorophyll—quinone composite. These electrodes were called chlorophyll electrodes. The chlorophyll electrode of chlorophyll—naphthoquinone composite worked as a cathode and that of chlorophyll—anthrahydroquinone composite as an anode when they were illuminated. The chlorophyll electrode of chlorophyll—naphthoquinone composite was characterized by an electrochemical behavior of p-type semiconductor electrode. Reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) was carried out on the chlorophyll electrode under illumination at various controlled electrode potentials. NAD was reduced at extremely noble electrode potentials are compared with the reductive potential of NAD⁺ to NADH. Electron transfer accompanied with the photoelectrochemical reactions is discussed.     

Electrochemical capacitance of well-coated single-walled carbon nanotube with polyaniline composites

Well-coated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) with polyaniline (PANI) composite electrodes with good uniformity for electrochemical capacitors are prepared by the polymerization of aniline containing well-dissolved SWNTs. The capacitance properties are investigated with cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge tests and ac impedance spectroscopy. The composite electrode shows much higher specific capacitance, better power characteristics and is more promising for application in capacitor than pure PANI electrode. The effect and role of SWNT in the composite electrode are also discussed in detail.     

Characteristics and Vanadium Adsorption Performance of Resin/Carbon Composite Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization

Activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to fabricate resin/carbon composite electrodes (D314/AC and D314/CNTs). The adsorption characteristics of vanadium (V) on the two electrodes under different pH and voltage conditions were compared in capacitive deionization. Physical and electrochemical studies on the electrodes indicated that micropores and mesopores are well balanced in D314/AC, but mesopores are dominant in D314/CNTs. D314/CNTs showed higher specific capacitance and higher ion adsorption capacity than D314/AC. This study indicated that the adsorption performance of composite electrodes for V is affected by the electrode material, especially the pore properties.     

纳米银修饰电极的制备

在圆柱形电解槽中,采用直流电沉积方法在导电玻璃上沉积银纳米材料,制备了Ag／ITO、Ag／CNTs／ITO复合电极,并以制得的复合电极作工作电极,测定两种电极在磷酸缓冲溶液中的循环伏安响应曲线。实验结果表明,纳米银修饰的电极具有很好的电化学活性。     

Ni(OH)2/活性炭复合材料在超级电容器中的应用

用化学沉淀法在活性炭(AC)表面和微孔内掺杂不同量的氢氧化镍,制备了氢氧化镍-活性炭[Ni(OH)2-AC]复合材料. 用X射线衍射(XRD)和氮气吸附等温线等对活性炭和复合材料进行表征,结果表明,所制材料为b-Ni(OH)2-AC复合材料. 对不同掺杂量的b-Ni(OH)2-AC复合材料的电化学性能进行了研究,循环伏安、恒流充放电实验表明,少量氢氧化镍掺入活性炭表面和微孔中,所得材料的比电容较活性炭有所提高,并具有良好的充放电性能;当氢氧化镍的掺入量为6%(w)时,所制备的超级电容器单电极表现出优良的电化学性能. 以活性炭电极作负极,复合材料作正极制成复合型超级电容器,循环性能测试发现,掺入6%(w)氢氧化镍的复合材料制成的Ni(OH)2-AC/AC复合型超级电容器比电容高达330.7 F/g,比活性炭(AC/AC)超级电容器比电容(245.6 F/g)提高了34.6%,且Ni(OH)2-AC/AC复合型超级电容器具有更好的循环充放电性能.     

Novel bipolar electrodes for battery applications

A novel bipolar graphite felt electrode for use in redox flow batteries and other electrochemical systems is described. The new electrode features a unique approach in the design of bipolar electrodes, employing carbon black free, nonconductive polymer materials as substrates. This innovation allows a dramatic reduction of processing time and cost compared to conventional carbon polymer composite electrodes used in bipolar battery systems. The conductivity of the new electrode assembly is similar to that of conventional bipolar electrodes, however, it shows significant improvements in mechanical properties. The functionality of these novel electrodes has been evaluated in the vanadium redox battery application and the results show comparable performance with conventional composite materials. An important operational advantage, however, is that side reactions leading to the deterioration of conductive filler in the electrode substrate material (i.e., electrode delamination due to CO₂-evolution) during cell overcharging are eliminated, making these electrodes more durable than the conventional designs. To date, these bipolar electrodes have been applied in vanadium redox cells but their design and properties promise further applications in a range of other redox flow batteries and bipolar electrochemical cell systems.     

Stabilizing dimensional changes in Si-based composite electrodes by controlling the electrode porosity: An in situ electrochemical dilatometric study

A porosity-controllable Si-based composite electrode was fabricated in the present study. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which possesses the unique thermal property of unzipping, was utilized as a pore-forming agent during electrode fabrication. PMMA-treated electrodes presented relatively low volume expansion and little deformation during lithiation. The cyclic dilation behavior of PMMA-treated electrodes was investigated by applying an in situ electrochemical dilatometric method, and enhanced dimensional reversibility during cycling was observed. The dilation behavior was closely related to the electrochemical performance, and PMMA-treated electrodes exhibited improved capacity retention and low impedance change during cycling. The newly generated pores in the PMMA-treated electrode can accommodate the volumetric expansion of Si-based active materials, which suppresses electrode deformation and the breakdown of the electrical network. The porosity plays an important role in Si-based electrodes. Thus, controlling the porosity through PMMA-treatment can be an effective way for the application of Si-based composite electrodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries.     

不同基底材料复合电极对热再生氨电池产电性能的影响

针对热再生氨电池（thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery,TRAB）铜电极局部结构易被腐蚀断裂这一问题,构建了骨架结构相对较稳定的复合电极并应用于TRAB,研究了不同基底材料复合电极的电镀特性及其对TRAB产电特性和最大功率输出的影响。研究结果表明,与其他基底材料复合电极的电池相比,采用泡沫镍基底材料复合电极的TRAB虽电极表面积和镀铜量相对较小,但是具有较低的物质传输阻力和最小的欧姆内阻,从而获得最大的电压输出、最大的产电量和能量密度、最高的库仑效率和最高的功率输出（11.5 mW）。可见,泡沫镍作为TRAB复合电极的基底材料是一个相对较好的选择,同时需针对复合电极孔隙大小的影响规律开展后续研究。