一代宗师何朝宗瓷塑艺术的文化解读

明代德化瓷塑大师、瓷圣何朝宗的瓷塑艺术具有独特和永恒的艺术魅力,它达到了中国古代瓷塑艺术成就的高峰。何朝宗鬼斧神工的瓷塑艺术将宗教精神、人生哲学、审美情趣融入德化的白瓷,创造出了一件件不朽的瓷塑艺术品,他的艺术风格一直影响到数百年后的今天。现存福建泉州海交馆的何朝宗瓷塑艺术代表作品《渡海观音》,就是一尊何氏精湛的雕塑艺术语言和艺术家心目中的“世上独一无二的艺术珍品”。何朝宗的瓷塑艺术凝铸着一个时代的智慧,它将永恒的闪耀着灿烂的光辉。     

木块填料对高浓度乙醇连续发酵过程中振荡行为的弱化机制

前期研究发现，添加木块填料可有效弱化管式反应器中的振荡行为，并推测其机理可能与酵母细胞的固定化、酵母细胞生长微环境的改变和管式反应器中稀释速率的改变三方面因素有关。本文实验证明了木块填料反应器的稀释率的改变不是导致振荡弱化的主要原因。进一步研究表明：一方面，与其他填料体系相比，木块填料体系不仅维持了较高的生物量浓度，而且维持了较高的细胞活性，从而具备了弱化振荡的前提条件；另一方面，与无填料体系培养出的酵母细胞相比，木块填料体系培养的酵母细胞具有较高的乙醇耐受性，从而弱化了乙醇浓度变化导致的发酵参数的大幅度波动。     

浅谈现代陶艺

20世纪90年代以来,在中国现代陶艺的快速发展的道路上,积累了不少问题,其中一些问题是中国特有的,它是中国当代艺术在国际化潮流中不可避免的遭遇,例如现代主义和后现代主义在移植时的前后衔接的尴尬,本土化、后殖发主义的影响等.     

骨胶生产中蒸骨制胶操作方法

1 对蒸骨制胶过程的认识 蒸骨制胶的过程也就是用蒸汽使骨料块在密封的锅内受热、受压,使骨质疏松,由生胶质热解转变为可溶解于热水的动物胶质(习惯上称之为"骨胶")的过程.     

华顾恩:团队是成功的关键——独家专访法基瑞安水泥首席执行官

"你好,欢迎欢迎!".作为拉法基瑞安水泥的CEO,华顾思微笑着向<中国水泥>的记者们一一握手打招呼,尽管他的发音还带着外国的语调,但听起来非常亲切.陪同我们采访的公司负责企业传播的副总裁乔天云告诉记者,与我们见面之前,华顾思刚刚从法国总部开会回来.他的工作很忙,日程安排满满的,许多时间都是在国内国际航线上度过的.但他依然神采奕奕,目光敏锐,嘴角带着可亲的笑容.华顾思热情随和,采访中始终带着微笑,有时还开个玩笑.他给<中国水泥>记者的印象--身材魁梧,天庭饱满,浓而密的眉毛下面有一双睿智的眼晴,这是一位具有很强亲和力和感染力的企业领导人.     

Y型分子筛负载磷钨酸催化剂的结构和性能

采用混合法制备磷钨酸质量分数不同的Y型分子筛负载催化剂,利用傅立叶红外光谱和X射线衍射仪表征了催化剂的表面酸性和结构,并用催化法脱除芳烃中微量烯烃的烷基化反应考察其催化性能.结果表明,220 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸为Keggin结构,550 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸为Dawson结构,Dawson结构的磷钨酸催化烷基化反应的性能优于Keggin结构的磷钨酸.随着磷钨酸量的增加,催化剂中B酸量先增加后减少,L酸量减少.550 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸质量分数为5%的催化剂具有较好的催化活性和较长的寿命.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对内胎质量的影响

从内胎生产所用设备的性能和操作对内胎质量的影响进行了阐述.着重介绍了内胎生产所用设备的结构、工艺流程及经常出现的质量缺陷、造成的原因和防治办法.对内胎生产具有一定的参考价值.     

硬度计压头形状和负荷的大小对显微硬度的影响

硬度是衡量超硬材料烧结体的主要特性之一.然而目前国内外还没有超硬材料烧结体硬度测量的统一的标准.文章通过硬度计测量标准块的硬度值总结如下:施加相同力而采用不同形状的压头所得结果不同,采用相同的压头而施加不同的力所得结果也不一样;随着施加负荷的增大,压痕周围产生的破碎形变也在增大,这将影响测量值的准确性.因此,压头的形状和所施加的负荷是影响硬度值的一个重要因素.通过分析得知,在测试中应采用努普压头并且施加小负荷的力.[1,3]     

简论中国古代民间陶瓷

中国古代民间陶瓷的丰厚文化遗存再现了其悠远的历史,它庞大的产量不仅曾服务历代民众而且大额外销,在各个历史时期,民间陶瓷造型、装饰、工艺等的成就卓然。它的传统深植于民众之中,是历史传承积累的智慧和经验,也是现代陶瓷文化民族性的渊源以及发展的原动力。     

颜色釉的装饰特点及其运用

景德镇的高温颜色釉瓷器以其丰富多彩的釉色、精致完美的器物、风格迥异的造型、清亮耀眼的光泽,而成为世界工艺美术史上一颗闪烁着夺目光华的明珠.本文从颜色釉的形成和发展、颜色釉的工艺特色以及颜色釉的运用及创新等方面作了些浅显论述,以求证颜色釉的灿烂成就.     

Synthesis of high-purity polycrystalline MAX phases in Ti–Al–C system through Mechanically Activated Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis

Ternary MAX phase compounds were synthesized using an alternative route called MASHS (Mechanically Activated Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis). This original process combines a short duration ball milling (MA) of reactants (Ti, Al, C) with a self-sustaining combustion (SHS). The particle size evolution of the powder mixture during Mechanical Activation was monitored using XRD profile analysis. The effect of Al-excess was also discussed. XRD and SEM analyses have proved that the activation of the reaction kinetics must be accompanied by a decrease in the overall exothermicity in order to synthesize pure Ti–Al–C MAX phases by MASHS.     

Oxidation behaviors of compositionally complex MAX phases in air

The oxidation behaviours of a newly synthesized MAX phase composite mainly containing a multi-component 413 MAX phase with Ti, Nb and Ta equally and evenly distributed at M site were investigated at 1000–1400 °C in air. Results indicated that the multi-component MAX phase exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared with traditional monolithic 413 MAX phases such as Nb₄AlC₃ and Ta₄AlC₃. Dense and passivating Al₂O₃ layers that formed at the interfaces between the substrate and the oxidation scale is the origin of the high oxidation resistance. The presence of Cr–Al alloy phases is essential for the formation of protective Al₂O₃ scale.     

Tailoring Magnetic Properties of MAX Phases,a Theoretical Investigation of (Cr2Ti)AlC2 and Cr2AlC

(Cr₂Ti)AlC₂ is a newly discovered MAX phase with ordered occupations of Ti and Cr atoms on M sites. The Cr‐containing MAX phase is expected showing magnetic property, which provides functional applications in spintronics and as self‐monitoring smart coating. The magnetic states of (Cr₂Ti)AlC₂ are predicted by GGA and GGA + U methods and compared to those of Cr₂AlC. The ground states are predicted as FM or AFM‐XX configurations depending on the calculation methods. Analysis of the electronic structure shows that the magnetic moments mainly originate from the net spins of Cr 3d valence electrons, whereas the contribution of other atoms is negligible. The calculated magnetic moments of Cr atoms in (Cr₂Ti)AlC₂ are higher than those in Cr₂AlC due to the larger distance between the out‐plane Cr atoms separated by the intercalated nonmagnetic Ti–C slab. This work provides an insight on tailoring magnetic properties of MAX phases by modifying the crystal structure.     

三元层状结构MAX相陶瓷材料的制备技术及其研究发展现状和发展趋势

三元层状结构陶瓷材料主要是指M_n+1AX_n相,三元层状结构MAX相陶瓷材料具有金属的特性还具有陶瓷的特性,三元层状结构MAX相陶瓷材料具有较高的力学性能,良好的耐磨损性能和良好的耐腐蚀性能,并具有良好的抗高温氧化性能等,还具有良好的可加工性能。三元层状结构MAX相陶瓷材料主要有Ti₃SiC₂,Ti₄SiC₃,Ti₃AlC₂,Ti₂AlC,Ti₄AlN₃和Ti₂AlN等。本文主要叙述三元层状结构MAX相陶瓷材料的制备技术,物相组成,显微结构,力学性能和耐磨损性能,耐腐蚀性能和抗高温氧化性能以及其他性能等。并叙述三元层状结构MAX相陶瓷材料的研究发展现状和发展趋势。并对三元层状结构MAX相陶瓷材料的未来研究发展趋势和发展方向进行分析和预测。     

Reactive spark plasma sintering of Ti3SnC2, Zr3SnC2 and Hf3SnC2 using Fe,Co or Ni additives

This work studied the effect of adding 10 at% Fe, Co or Ni to M-Sn-C mixtures with M = Ti, Zr or Hf on MAX phases synthesis by reactive spark plasma sintering. Adding Fe, Co or Ni assisted the formation of 312 MAX phases, i.e., Ti₃SnC₂, Zr₃SnC₂ and Hf₃SnC₂, while their 211 counterparts Ti₂SnC, Zr₂SnC and Hf₂SnC formed in the undoped M-Sn-C mixtures. The lattice parameters of the newly synthesized Zr₃SnC₂ and Hf₃SnC₂ MAX phases were determined by X-ray diffraction. Binary MC carbides were present in all ceramics, whereas the formation of intermetallics was largely determined by the selected additive. The effect of adding Fe, Co or Ni on the MAX phase crystal structure and the microstructure of the produced ceramics was investigated in greater detail for the case of M = Zr. A mechanism is herein proposed for the formation of M₃SnC₂ MAX phases.     

Synthesis and Oxidation Testing of MAX Phase Composites in the Cr–Ti–Al–C Quaternary System

According to the properties determined for the ternary end‐members, MAX phases in the quaternary Cr–Ti–Al–C system could be of interest as protective coatings for nuclear fuel cladding in the case of severe accident conditions. In this study, syntheses of 211 and 312 MAX phase compositions were attempted using pressureless reactions starting from Cr, TiH₂, Al, and C (graphite) powders. It was observed that both the Ti substitution by Cr in Ti₃AlC₂ and the mutual solubility of Ti₂AlC and Cr₂AlC are limited to a few atomic percent. In addition, the remarkable stability of the (Cr_2/3Ti_1/3)₃AlC₂ MAX phase composition was confirmed. Due to the low miscibility of MAX phases in the Cr–Ti–Al–C system, most samples contained substantial amounts of TiC_x and Al–Cr alloys as secondary phases, thus forming composite materials. After sintering, all samples were submitted to a single oxidation test (12 h at 1400°C in air) to identify compositions potentially offering high‐temperature oxidation resistance and so warranting further investigation. In addition to (Cr_0.95Ti_0.05)₂AlC, composite samples containing substantial quantities of Al₈Cr₅ and AlCr₂ formed a stable and passivating Al₂O₃ scale, whereas the other samples were fully oxidized.     

二维晶体Ti3C2Tx MXene发射与屏蔽电磁波的研究进展

MXene是一种新型二维材料,通过剥离层状陶瓷MAX相而制备.Ti3C2Tx MXene 是第一种制备的MXene,也是应用最广泛的MXene.Ti3C2Tx MXene具有良好亲水性,可以分散在水中制备成薄膜.同时具有良好导电性,具有叠层结构,电磁波可以在材料内部的界面多次反射.因为独特的性能与结构,MXene可以作...     

Medium-entropy (Ti,Zr, Hf)2SC MAX phase

Medium- and high-entropy alloys or ceramics for tuning the physicochemical properties of materials by the combination of multiple principal elements have received much interest. Herein, a medium-entropy (Ti, Zr, Hf)₂SC phase was synthesized attributing to the structural and chemical diversity of MAX phases. The crystal structure of (Ti, Zr, Hf)₂SC was determined by the Rietveld refinement of XRD, SEM, and atom-resolved TEM along with EDS elemental analysis. Phase evolution of X-ray diffraction patterns and TG/DSC curves were employed to reveal the synthesis mechanism of (Ti, Zr, Hf)₂SC from 2TiC–Zr–ZrC-2HfH₂-3.2FeS reactant system. The Vicker's hardness and the electrical resistivity of (Ti, Zr, Hf)₂SC were found higher than those of Ti₂SC, but the thermal conductivity of (Ti, Zr, Hf)₂SC was lower.     

磁性MAX相陶瓷研究进展

MAX 相陶瓷综合了陶瓷材料和金属材料的诸多优点，包括低密度、高模量、良好 的导电/导热性能、优异的抗热震性能、抗损伤性能以及优良的抗高温氧化性能等，已经获得研 究者的广泛关注。近年来，带有磁性的 MAX 相陶瓷相继被发现并被成功制备。本文结合国内 外在该领域的发展现状，重点介绍当前已被发现磁性 MAX 相陶瓷的合成和磁性特性。     

Wetting of SiC by Al-Ti alloys and joining by in-situ formation of interfacial Ti3Si(Al)C2

Two pressureless and reliable procedures for brazing SiC-based materials have been designed. The joining was obtained by the in-situ formation of a Ti₃Si(Al)C₂ MAX phase using simple Al-Ti interlayers. Wettability studies were conducted using several Al-Ti alloys in contact with SiC at 1500?°C. The interfacial microstructures and thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that liquid Al₃Ti in contact with SiC formed a well-bonded Ti₃Si(Al)C₂ interfacial layer. These findings guided the design of two joining methods: one consisted of the simple infiltration of Al₃Ti into the brazing seam, while an Al₃Ti paste/Ti/Al₃Ti paste interlayer assembly was designed for the second process. Sound interfaces without cracks were obtained in both processes. The average shear strength was very high, 296?MPa, for the infiltration method; the drawback was the presence of residual Al. Joining through Al₃Ti/Ti/Al₃Ti interlayers avoided the presence of low-temperature melting phases, with lower shear strength: 85 or 89?MPa depending on the testing method.