丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯的合成及应用研究

以异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇及二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要原料,合成了水性聚氨酯(WPU)预聚体;然后采用扩链、交联和丙烯酸酯复合改性等方法制备了丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯(PUA)。结果表明:水性PUA具有丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯(PU)的双重优点,而且其低温成膜性较好、综合性能较优、成本及VOC含量较低;由PUA配制的木器漆,其主要性能均达到HG/T36082-1999标准。     

阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成及其固色性能的研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、N-甲基二乙醇胺、1,4-丁二醇和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,以聚四氢呋喃二醇为软段,采用预聚体法合成一系列阳离子水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液,并考察了R值、TMP含量对阳离子WPU乳液性能、胶膜的力学性能和耐水性以及处理过织物的耐摩擦牢度的影响。结果表明,当R值为1.10时,阳离子WPU胶膜耐水性较好,力学性能适中,处理过的织物相比未处理过的干、湿摩擦牢度均提高1级。当TMP质量分数为0.9%时,阳离子WPU胶膜耐水性能良好,力学性能较好,织物干摩擦牢度提高1级,湿摩擦牢度提高1~2级,固色性能最佳。     

互穿网络结构WPUA复合乳液在织物整理和涂料印花中的应用

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和聚酯多元醇218为原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为扩链剂,三乙胺为中和剂制备水性聚氨酯(WPU)。再采用"预乳化溶胀法",利用自制的水性聚氨酯和丙烯酸酯类单体制备互穿网络结构水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液(WPUA)。将制备的WPU和WPUA复合乳液用于织物整理和涂料印花,探讨了工艺参数对织物整理和印花效果的影响,并对整理后织物的手感、白度、抗皱性、抗起毛起球性、印花织物的耐干/湿摩擦牢度以及耐皂洗牢度等进行测试。结果表明,WPUA的使用能显著改善织物抗皱性和抗起毛起球性以及印花织物的干湿摩擦牢度和耐皂洗牢度。     

高性能水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及表征

高性能环保的丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液是当前涂料工业研究的一个热点。以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI-80）、聚醚二元醇（N210）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为主要原料,采用原位乳液聚合法,先制得水性聚氨酯（PU）预聚物／乙烯基单体混合物,然后加入引发剂,自由基乳液聚合得到聚氨酯．丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液。研究发现PUA乳液的性能及外观与NCO／OH比值、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）含量、中和度等密切相关。当NCO／OH的摩尔比为1,3～1．4,—COOH含量约2．6％（质量分数）,中和度=90％-100％时,所得PUA乳液外观好、性能佳。     

聚酯二元醇合成聚氯酯丙烯酸酯复合乳液的研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、自制聚酯二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为主要原料,合成了聚酯型聚氨酯丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液,研究了不同相对分子质量的聚酯二元醇、聚氨酯制备时不同NCO／OH比值、添加三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）含量、及合成PUA时不同PU／PA的比值对最终制备的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯复合乳液及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明：1500～2000相对分子质量的聚酯二元醇：在TMP添加量为2％、NCO／OH为1．6～1．8,PU／PA以4：6合成出的PUA,有着较好的制备稳定性和贮存稳定性,其涂膜硬度、耐水性和耐醇性较好。     

蓖麻油基聚氨酯——聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液研究

以聚酯二元醇(PBA)、蓖麻油(C.O)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要原料合成了蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液;以此乳液作为种子通过乳液聚合技术制备了性能优异的聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合乳液。讨论了丙烯酸酯(PA)对PUA材料的耐热、耐水性能的影响,同时探讨了丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯比例、丙烯酸单体中软硬段比例不同对材料性能的影响。     

丙烯酸酯接枝改性大豆油基水性聚氨酯乳液

以环氧大豆油(ESO)为原料合成了环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯(AESO)跟氯化大豆油多元醇(SOL),再把它们按不同比例混合,制得混合多元醇,进而与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯以及2,2-二羟甲基丙酸合成了一系列含有乙烯基的大豆油基水性聚氨酯(AESO–WPU)。以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯为共聚单体,通过AESO–WPU中的乙烯基,进行乳液接枝共聚制备出丙烯酸酯接枝改性大豆油基水性聚氨酯(AESO–PUA)乳液。讨论了AESO和SOL的质量比对AESO–WPU和AESO–PUA乳液稳定性和胶膜性能的影响。通过红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜和热重分析仪对AESO–WPU和AESO–PUA进行表征并测试了它们的性能。结果表明:AESO质量分数为10%和30%时,所制乳液稳定且成膜性好。在AESO同为30%的情况下,与AESO–WPU胶膜相比,AESO–PUA胶膜失重率为5%时的热分解温度从148℃提高至225℃,吸水率从接近50%降至15%,阻尼硬度为0.497,冲击强度为50 kg·cm,附着力为2级。     

聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯核-壳乳液的制备及其包覆的RDX

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚氧化丙烯二醇DL-400(Mn=340)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、1，4-丁二醇(BDO)为主要原料，制得水性聚氨酯乳液(WPU)，用FTIR表征了其结构。以WPU、水、丙烯酸丁酯为原料，分别以AIBN、(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3作引发剂，采用种子乳液聚合的方法制备了聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液(PUA)，运用TEM表征了PUA乳液的粒子形态。结果表明：以AIBN为引发剂合成了具有核壳结构的PUA乳液．壳层为黑色的聚氨酯胶粒，核层为白色的聚丙烯酸酯胶粒；而(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3引发的乳液不具有核-壳结构，黑白粒子相间分布。采用加入10％明矾水溶液使核-壳乳液破乳的方法包覆RDX，并用SEM观察RDX的表面变化，证实包覆后的RDX表面有均匀的包覆层，且颗粒间流散性较好。     

环氧丙烯酸酯改性光固化水性聚氨酯的合成及性能研究

采用环氧丙烯酸酯（PPG-EA）、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG）、二羟甲基丙酸（DM-PA）和丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）等制备了环氧丙烯酸酯改性光固化水性聚氨酯乳液（WPU）;研究了改性环氧丙烯酸酯用量、DMPA用量、n（—NCO）∶n（—OH）对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明：通过环氧丙烯酸酯改性的水性聚氨酯涂膜具有硬度高、耐水性和力学性能好的特点,并且克服了环氧树脂直接用于水性聚氨酯改性制备的乳液贮存稳定性差的不足。当改性环氧丙烯酸酯用量为6%-10%、DMPA用量为5.5%-7.5%、n（—NCO）∶n（—OH）为1.3-1.4时,UV固化水性聚氨酯乳液的综合性能较好。     

影响聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液性能的因素

丙烯酸酯改性的水性聚氨酯乳液性能优异、用途广泛,是当前涂料工业研究的一个热点.采用原位乳液聚合法,先制得水性聚氨酯（PU）预聚物,然后加入引发剂和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）,通过自由基乳液聚合得到聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、粒径分析仪等对其进行表征.研究了NCO/OH比值、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）含量、MMA含量及三乙胺与DMPA的摩尔比值对PUA乳液性能及外观的影响.发现当NCO/OH＝1.3～1.4,—COOH含量为2.6％左右,MMA含量为20%～30％,三乙胺与DMPA的摩尔比值为90%～100％时,所得PUA乳液综合性能较好.     

封闭型水性聚氨酯的固色应用

采用封闭型水性聚氨酯对棉织物进行固色研究,探讨了水性聚氨酯的用量、催化剂的使用以及固色工艺对固色效果的影响。结果显示,当水性聚氨酯的用量为40~60 g/L,催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(T-12)为水性聚氨酯用量的0.7%时,固色后棉织物的湿摩擦牢度可达到4级,且汽蒸工艺有助于湿摩擦牢度的提高。用红外光谱差谱技术研究了固色机理,结果表明,水性聚氨酯因其成膜性以及覆盖染料的作用而提高色牢度,尤其是湿摩擦牢度。     

蓖麻油/硅烷双重改性水性聚氨酯黏合剂

以聚醚二元醇(N220和N240)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为主要原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂,三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、蓖麻油(CO)和有机硅烷(KH-550)为交联剂,合成了CO/KH-550双重改性WPU(水性聚氨酯)黏合剂。探讨了m(N220)∶m(N240)比例、CO和KH-550用量对WPU黏合剂及其涂料印花织物性能的影响。结果表明:当R=n(-NCO)/n(-OH)=1.4、w(CO)=5%、m(N220)∶m(N240)=2∶1和w(KH-550)=4%时,CO/KH-550双重改性WPU黏合剂的耐水性较好,其涂料印花织物的摩擦牢度及皂洗牢度均明显高于未改性WPU,并且织物手感较柔软。     

水性聚氨酯固色剂的合成和性能研究

介绍了水性聚氨酯同色剂的合成及性能研究,讨论了N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)用量对胶膜力学性能、乳液稳定性以及同色性能的影响.结果表明:随着MDEA用量的增加,胶膜的拉伸强度增加,断裂伸长率减小,乳液稳定性增加.在固色性能上,用混合多元醇合成的水性聚氨酯固色剂明显优于用单一的多元醇合成的水性聚氨酯固色剂.用水性聚氨酯同色剂处理过的织物,其耐摩擦牢度有较大提高,尤其是耐湿摩擦牢度.     

Synthesis and salt‐free dyeing characteristics of cationic reactive dyes containing polyetheramine segments

A series of cationic reactive dyes containing both quaternary ammonium and polyetheramine as soluble groups and monochlorotriazine as a reactive group have been synthesised and applied to cellulose fibre by salt‐free exhaust dyeing. Investigation of the synthesis method and dyeing properties of these cationic reactive dyes showed that the best pH value for these dyes is 6, and also that these cationic reactive dyes give a high substantivity to cellulose. In the salt‐free dyeing process, their adsorption was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm during the primary exhaustion stage, but in the secondary exhaustion stage the adsorption was in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm, and their secondary exhaustion reached up to 96% and above. Moreover, the degree of fixation, the levelling, and the transfer properties on cotton fabric were good. Light fastness reached grade 5–6, washing, perspiration, and dry rubbing fastness reached grade 4 and above, but wet rubbing fastness reached only grade 3–4.     

亲水基团对水性聚氨酯性能的影响

对亲水基团在水性聚氨酯(WPU)中的作用及对性能的影响进行了概述.采用二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)合成WPU的操作工艺性佳,有其潜在的应用前景.磺酸系WPU适用于较宽的pH范围,且具有优良贮存和耐水解等特性,磺酸系亲水化合物与羧酸基复配使用,亲水化合物总用量减少,产物WPU的性能更佳.     

硅烷偶联剂改性高固含量水性聚氨酯的合成

以聚四氢呋喃二醇、聚己二酸乙二酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯等为主要原料,以硅烷偶联剂KH550为改性剂,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和(1,3-二氨基)-丁基磺酸钠(HSJ)为亲水扩链剂,采用自乳化和外乳化相结合的方法合成阴离子型高固含量硅烷偶联剂改性水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液。考察了乳化剂、扩链剂、硅烷偶联剂用量,异氰酸酯基与羟基摩尔比(R值)等对乳液和胶膜性能的影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和接触角测试分析了改性前后WPU的结构。结果表明:DMPA,HSJ,乳化剂,硅烷偶联剂的质量分别占总固体质量的1.60%,0.26%,1.60%,1.50%,R值为1.20时,可得到固含量54%、黏度低、稳定性好、耐水、耐热性能优异的WPU乳液。     

Synthesis of reactive self-adhesive branched polyurethane dispersant for textile pigment printing

A series of reactive branched polyurethane dispersants (BPUs) were successfully synthesized based on epoxy as reactive group and nitrogen-containing heterocycles as anchoring group. The branched polyurethane was adopted an ''A₂ + B₃'' approach with diisocyanate prepolymer and trimethylolpropane. The structure, molecular weight, and thermodynamic property of BPUs were characterized. The pigment dispersions were prepared with BPUs as the dispersant by ball milling, and then the characteristic parameters such as pigment particle size, viscosity, stability, color properties, and fastness were evaluated. Excellent dispersing performances were observed that the particle size of five dispersions were below 200 nm, with the viscosity as low as 6–9 mPa·s. It is worth noting that the pigment dispersion prepared by BPU exhibited excellent stability and self-adhesive performance. These dispersions were printed on cotton fabrics without adhesives, their water washing fastness was approximately grade 4. And the dry rubbing and wet rubbing fastnesses were 3 and 2–3, respectively.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterizations of organically modified silica coatings on knitted cellulose for fixation applications

In order to improve the fixation properties, a novel organically modified silica coating (OMSC) was deposited on knitted cellulose fabric printed with pigment based ink. The organically modified silica sol (OMSS) was prepared by adding tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), ethanol, H₂O and HCl. The color fastnesses of knitted fabrics treated with the OMSS were improved significantly. The coating treatment with OMSS (concentration 4-8 wt%) was beneficial to the washing fastness, and the fade rate of washing was reduced more than 50%. The dry and wet rubbing fastnesses were enhanced one or more grades. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of knitted cellulose fabrics indicated that continuous OMSCs were formed on the fiber surface, which contributed to the washing and rubbing fastnesses. The bending properties of fabric demonstrated that the fixing treatment had slight effect on the handle. These results suggest fixation with OMSS is an effective pathway to improve the color fastness of knitted cellulose fabrics.     

聚氨酯/聚丙烯酸酯互穿网络涂料印花粘合剂的制备和应用

本文综述了聚氨酯/聚丙烯酸酯互穿网络(IPN)涂料印花粘合剂。介绍了IPN粘合剂的制备方法及其不同配比时对拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、摩擦牢度性能的影响。IPN粘合剂可克服聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂的延伸性差、湿摩擦牢度低、易吸尘和粘搭性强的缺点,是改进聚丙烯酸酯类粘合剂性能十分有效的方法。     

交联改性苯丙乳液在水性油墨中的应用

分别以邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)、杂环甲基丙烯酸酯单体(TRM WAM Ⅲ)和乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(AAEMA)作为传统苯丙乳液的交联改性剂,采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合法制备交联改性苯丙乳液;然后以此为连接料,制备水性油墨.研究了传统苯丙乳液、交联改性苯丙乳液以及进口同类产品对水性油墨的摩擦牢度、稳定性能和耐水性能...