蚕丝蛋白改性腈纶的研制(英文)

先用丙烯腈对蚕丝蛋白进行接枝改性 ,然后将其与常规腈纶纺丝原液共混纺丝 ,制备了蚕丝蛋白改性腈纶。结果表明 :随着蛋白含量的增加 ,蚕丝蛋白改性腈纶的断裂强度会逐渐下降 ,断裂伸长则变化不大 ,当纤维中蚕丝蛋白的含量小于 15 %时 ,其机械性能基本上能满足后纺加工的要求 ;随着蛋白含量的增加和改性比的增大 ,蚕丝蛋白改性腈纶的保水率增加 ;改性比的变化对蚕丝蛋白改性腈纶的机械性能基本没有影响 ;蚕丝蛋白改性腈纶织物的导湿性能较常规腈纶织物有显著提高     

硫氰酸钠法高吸湿腈纶的研制

研究了丙烯酸对腈纶的吸湿改性。探讨丙烯酸共聚物的水溶性随丙烯酸-丙烯腈的共聚比而变化的规律,丙烯酸含量对改性腈纶的力学性能,回潮率和保水率的影响。结果表明,采用丙烯酸-丙烯腈投料比为1:5.7的共聚物溶液和常规腈纶纺丝原液共混纺丝,在纤维中引入质量分数2.5％的丙烯酸时,制得的高吸湿腈纶强度为1.9cN/dtex,伸长40％,回潮率和保水率分别为7.0％和20.8％。     

国外动态

美国化工原料市场一、丙烯腈 1.美国国内生产能力(万吨/年):120.43 2.美国国内需求量(万吨/年):1988,117.03;1989,120.66;1993,137.2(包括出口,不含进口,其数量可忽略不计) 3.年增长率(％):1979～1988,2.8;～1993,3 4.价格:槽车装,出厂价,40美分/磅 5.用途(％):出口,43;腈纶及改性腈纶,28;ABS和苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂,15;已二     

ABS塑料用环氧树脂粘合剂的研究

经迈克尔加成反应,用丙烯腈制作了一系列改性多元胺固化剂,将其与双酚A型环氧树脂配合,用于粘接ABS塑料。研究结果显示,丙烯腈改性固化剂有助于改善环氧树脂胶对ABS塑料的粘接强度,随着固化剂中氰基含量从0 mmol/g增加到0．949 mmol/g,丙烯腈改性环氧树脂体系(acrylonitrile-modified epoxy resin system,AMEPS)对ABS塑料的粘接强度增长约32%,而玻璃化温度降低约9%,与此同时,改性环氧树脂的吸酸率呈先降后升趋势。     

ASA的合成及其合金研究现状

丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物(ASA)是由以聚丙烯酸酯(PBA)橡胶相为核,苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)为壳的核壳结构聚合物。具有良好的机械性能、耐腐蚀性、加工性、抗冲击性能和耐候性。本文综述了ASA接枝共聚物的合成,ASA树脂的制备及改性,以及ASA树脂与PVC、PC、PBT、PMMA、PA等材料共混合金的研究进展,发现国内外对ASA合金的基础研究较少。开发耐候性好,具有高性能、功能化的ASA基材料将是ASA研究的新的方向。     

硫氰酸钠法高吸湿(水)腈纶纺丝工艺及其性能的研究

采用丙烯酸和丙烯腈的共聚物与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝的方法,纺制了丙烯酸改性的聚丙烯腈纤维,研究了纺丝工艺条件与改性腈纶性能之间的关系。实验结果表明:随着共混纺丝所采用的丙烯酸共聚物的共聚比的增加,改性腈纶的断裂强度有所下降,吸湿性和保水性则不断提高;采用低温干燥致密化和较低的总拉伸倍数,有利于提高改性纤维的吸湿和保水性能;随着纤度的增大,改性腈纶的回潮率和保水率渐渐减小。     

丙烯腈/醋酸乙烯酯/对苯乙烯磺酸钠三元共聚物干法纺丝研究

以连续水相悬浮聚合方法对丙烯腈(AN)/醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)/对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)三元共聚进行了研究,确定了合适的聚合工艺条件,采用过硫酸钾和亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原引发体系,反应温度60℃,pH值控制在2￣3,可以得到特性黏度1.40的聚合物。以干法腈纶纺丝技术进行了纺丝试验,生产出伸度、染色性能优良的腈纶,纤维物理机械性能也达到了以丙烯酸甲酯(MA)作为第二单体的腈纶的性能指标。     

人造纤维

20076016海藻/明胶共混纤维的制造及纤维特点Fan L.…;Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2005,96(5),p.1625(英)用粘胶型纺丝板将海藻/明胶混合溶液纺入含水的氯化钙和乙醇凝固浴,制取海藻和明胶的共混纤维。用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射及热重分析法研究共混纤维的结构和性能。测定其机械性能和吸湿性能。当明胶含量达30%(wt)时,共混纤维可取得最佳强力和断裂伸长值。提高明胶的含量,即提高了共混纤维的含水量值。结构分析表明,由于分子间的氢键在海藻和明胶分子间产生了强烈的相互作用和良好的混合。(涂君植)共混纤维海藻…     

腈氯纶性能及应用

<正> 一 腈氯纶简介 腈氯纶是指丙烯腈与氯乙烯(或偏氯乙烯)共聚短纤维。国外称丙烯腈含量在85％以下(重量百分比)的共聚腈纶为变性腈纶,丙烯腈含量在40～60％时,则称腈氯纶。     

黄豆蛋白改性腈纶的研制

采用丙烯腈对黄豆蛋白进行疏水改性后,将其与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝,用常规腈纶的生产工艺纺制吸湿和吸水性良好的黄豆蛋白改性腈纶。采用黄豆蛋白质量分数为33％的改性黄豆蛋白与常规聚丙烯腈原液共混纺丝,当黄豆蛋白质量分数为10％时,获得的改性腈纶断裂强度2.75 cN／dtex,断裂伸长率25.4％,回潮率1.7％,保水率8.3％。     

Acrylonitrile copolymers containing guanidine oligomer: Synthesis and use for the preparation of nonleaching antimicrobial acrylic fibers

Nonleaching acrylic fibers with permanent antibacterial activity were prepared via a combination of copolymerization and a wet‐blend‐spinning method. Specifically, poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐modified poly(hexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride)] [poly(AN‐co‐M‐PHMG)] copolymers containing a covalently connected antibacterial guanidine oligomer were first synthesized via the precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with a modified poly(hexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride) (M‐PHMG) macromonomer in water. Then, modified acrylic fibers were prepared from a mixture of the copolymer and commercial fiber‐grade AN terpolymer via a wet‐spinning process with dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent. The influences of the reaction time, temperature, pH value of the medium, and amount of initiator on the copolymerization and the effect of the copolymer content on the mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of the modified acrylic fibers were investigated in detail. The results show that the M‐PHMG macromonomer exhibited a lower reactivity than AN. The poly(AN‐co‐M‐PHMG) copolymer with a PHMG content of 5.49% and an intrinsic viscosity of 11.2 dL/g could be synthesized under optimized conditions. With increasing copolymer content, the tensile strength of the modified acrylic fibers decreased slightly, and the antibacterial activity increased. The modified acrylic fibers with a copolymer content of 50% (i.e., a PHMG content of 2.75%) exhibited both good mechanical properties and excellent antibacterial activity. The additional antibacterial function would surely enlarge the applications of the fiber. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Graft polymerization of some vinyl monomers onto acrylic rubber. II. Mechanical properties of graft polymers

Some mechanical properties of styrene and acrylonitrile copolymers grafted onto acrylic rubber are investigated. The impact strength of graft polymers depended upon the nature and the concentration of the catalyst, the composition and the intrinsic viscosity of the rubber, and the acrylonitrile content in the rigid matrix. The most desirable result was obtained when benzoyl peroxide as the catalyst, n-butyl acrylate–acrylonitrile copolymer of 7–10% acrylonitrile content, and about 0–5% acrylonitrile in the rigid matrix were used. Dynamic mechanical tests show the increase in efficiency of rubber modification by the grafted chains. The better weathering resistance of these graft polymers, as compared with commercial ABS plastics, was confirmed.     

Effect of fiber/matrix chemical modification on the mechanical properties and water absorption of extruded flax/polypropylene composite

Compound of flax/polypropylene (PP) is characterized concerning the mechanical properties of stiffness, strength, and impact in addition to the water absorption behavior. Manufacturing takes place by twin‐screw extruder. The extruder screw layout is modified through different kneading elements to get high fiber aspect ratio. Sodium hydroxide solution was used as a washing solution for the flax fibers' surfaces. Both fiber and matrix are chemically modified. Selected groups of the fibers were further treated using trimethoxyvinylsilan TMVS and acrylic acid AA. The PP matrix is also treated with different coupling agents; namely, maleated PP MAPP, TMVS‐MAPP, and acrylic acid‐functionalized PP AAPP. The combinations of different fiber/matrix are extruder compounded, injection molded, and finally tested. Fiber modification seems to be positive with AA‐modified surface. AAPP matrix modification improves the stiffness four times that of the untreated flax/PP. Till 30 and 40 wt %, the more the fiber is the more the strength and stiffness, respectively. MAPP‐modified matrix improves the mechanical properties and keeps low water absorption values. AAPP‐modified matrix shows the best stiffness values. TMVS‐MAPP does not seem to have distinguished improvement compared with MAPP. NaOH‐TMVS/MAPP and NaOH‐TMVS/AAPP systems can serve as alternatives to the normal NaOH/MAPP treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

AN-VAc-AMPS三元共聚合研究

介绍了丙烯腈 ( A N) -醋酸乙烯 ( VAc) (或丙烯酸甲酯 ( MA ) -2 -丙烯酰胺基 -2 -甲基丙磺酸 (英文缩写 AMPS)三元共聚合体系各组分竞聚率的测定方法 ,并比较三元共聚体系和二元共聚体系的AN /VAc竞聚率 ,对三元连续共聚进行了试验 ,讨论 A MPS含量与染色性的关系 ,聚合工艺条件与转化率关系。对聚合物溶液的流变性能及纺丝工艺 ,纤维的性能作了简单介绍。聚合及纺丝试验结果证明 ,以 AMPS为第三单体的三元共聚体系可纺性良好 ,所得纤维的物理性能、染色性能、吸水性和抗静电性均优于一般腈纶     

新型脲醛树脂胶黏剂的改性

研究了一种新型改性剂对于脲醛树脂胶黏剂的改性效果,并与传统改性方法进行了比较。改性剂采用特制的羟基丙烯酸酯树脂（乳液）及端异氰酸酯基水性聚氨酯树脂。研究发现,传统改性方法中,随尿素与甲醛的物质的量比的增大,脲醛树脂中游离甲醛含量减小,但其黏合强度降低;使用这种新型改性剂既可降低游离甲醛含量,又能明显提高黏合强度及耐水性,且改性效果随改性剂用量的增加而增加。其中,聚氨酯树脂对脲醛树脂黏合强度的改进最为明显,但对耐水性的改性效果稍差;而高羟基含量的丙烯酸酯树脂比低羟基含量的改性效果好。     

用液态含羧基丙烯酸酯低聚物改性环氧树脂

采用溶液聚合法合成了以丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯腈为主链结构的液态含羧基丙烯酸酯低聚物,用其对环氧树脂进行增韧改性,讨论了丙烯腈、丙烯酸以及丙烯酸酯低聚物质量分数对改性环氧树脂力学性能的影响,并研究了改性环氧树脂的微观形态和动态力学性能。结果表明,丙烯酸酯低聚物质量分数为5％时,丙烯酸丁酯／丙烯腈／丙烯酸（质量比）为75／20／5的改性环氧树脂的拉伸强度比纯环氧树脂提高4．3％;丙烯酸酯低聚物质量分数为10％时,该改性环氧树脂的冲击强度比纯环氧树脂提高近4倍,同时体系的耐热性能保持不变;环氧树脂改性体系呈两相结构,丙烯酸酯低聚物质量分数达到30％时,对环氧树脂的增韧效果变差;随着丙烯酸酯低聚物质量分数的增加,改性环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度先升高后降低,其质量分数不超过10％时,改性环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度高于纯环氧树脂。     

Induced superabsorbency in polyester fiber

Modified polyester fibers are considered as a significant part of the polyester produced throughout the world due to the new properties and also reduced undesirable properties, compared to non-modified polyester fibers. In this study, the modification of polyester fiber properties was evaluated for its superabsorbency. The fibers obtained superabsorbency by their treatment with a special latex prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. Different polymer latexes based on acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid were prepared using inverse emulsion polymerization. Chemical bond (or hydrogen bond) was formed between the functional groups of the fiber surface and functional groups present in the polymer latex by heating. The modified fibers were characterized by swelling, mechanical, morphological, and thermal measurements. The effect of several modifications of parameters such as latex type, AM content in latex, aquatic-organic phase ratios of latex, modification time and modification temperature on the swelling properties of fibers were investigated. Water absorption of the unmodified fiber was 1.5 g/g which increased up to 75 g/g, significantly. This considerable development in hydrophilic characteristics of polyester fibers has led to water blocking of the fiber. Such modification did not have adverse effects on the tensile properties or thermal resistance of the polyester fiber.     

Study on Effect of Incorporation of Gelatin Fiber in Jute Fabrics-Reinforced Linear Low Density Polyethylene Composite

Jute fabrics (50%)-reinforced linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) composite was prepared by compression molding and mechanical properties were studied. Gelatin fiber (2%–10%) was incorporated into the jute fabrics-based composites and their mechanical properties were investigated and compared with the control composite. It was found that with the increased of gelatin fiber content in the jute fabrics-based composites, the mechanical properties were found to be decreased, but water uptake and degradation properties were increased significantly. The composite containing 10% gelatin fiber lost 30.2% of its weight, 56.4% TS, 41.8% BS, 26% TM and 25.5% BM after 24 weeks in soil medium.