锶废渣制备锶盐酸浸取工艺关键参数的实验研究

以碳还原天青石生产碳酸锶的锶废渣为原料,采用盐酸为浸取剂,研究了锶废渣制备锶盐酸浸取工艺中锶渣粒径、浸取温度、浸取时间、溶液酸度等参数对锶浸取率的影响。在此基础上利用正交实验对锶渣酸浸取工艺进行优化。得到锶废渣酸浸取锶的最佳工艺：锶渣粒径为0.062 mm、反应时间为2 h、反应温度为30 ℃、浸取液pH为0.1。该研究可为提高锶资源的利用率提供参考。     

人工神经网络研究氨配合法制活性氧化锌

采用工业氧化锌生产中回收的烟道灰为原料，加入过氧化氢进行氧化，提高氧化锌浸取率，并对氨配合法制备活性氧化锌工艺过程中影响浸取率的因素进行研究，用BP(误差反向传播)神经网络对结果进行优化，建立了浸取率的神经网络模型，得到了浸取工艺的最佳工艺条件。结果表明，在此工艺条件下，浸取率可达88.1％。     

富锰渣中湿法浸取锰工艺

对富锰渣湿法浸取硫酸锰的工艺进行了研究,在分析富锰渣性质及浸取机理的基础上,先通过单因素实验确定浸取温度、浸取时间、硫酸浓度各自的最适条件,然后利用响应面法对富锰渣湿法浸取硫酸锰工艺的浸取条件进行优化。方差分析结果显示浸取温度为95℃、硫酸浓度为21%、浸取时间为3小时的条件下,浸取效果最佳,锰的浸出率可达到96.75%。     

钠硝石粉矿浸取工艺研究

以新疆地区钠硝石矿中较难处理的粉矿(d≤3mm)为对象,研究钠硝石粉矿浸取工艺,确定螺旋浸取的操作条件和钠硝石粉矿浸取主要工艺参数,优化出合理的工艺路线。     

重晶石熟料水浸工艺条件的研究

重晶石熟料水浸工艺是重晶石碳热还原法制备钡盐产品的关键环节,本文对重晶石熟料水浸工艺条件进行了系统研究。结果表明,在一定范围内料液比、搅拌速度、浸取温度、浸取时间对水溶钡浸取率均存在显著正相关性,研究获得的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶150,搅拌速率200r/min,浸取温度90℃,浸取时间90min,此时水溶钡浸取率为99.19%。     

碳酸钠溶液浸取钼酸钙的实验研究

以碳酸钠溶液为浸取液,采用正交实验设计法,研究了碳酸钠溶液浸取钼酸钙时的工艺条件.碳酸钠溶液的浓度、浸取温度、浸取时间等工艺条件对钼提取率的影响,确定适宜实验条件.实验结果表明,碳酸钠浓度是影响钼提取率的主要因素,浸取温度是影响浸取质量的次要因素,浸取时间对钼提取率有一定程度的影响;在适宜实验条件下,钼的提取率可以达到99.70%.     

冕宁氟碳铈矿泥浸取稀土工艺

本文对冕宁氟碳铈矿矿泥浸取稀土工艺进行了研究，用正交优选法确定了最佳浸取条件，好在１５０℃用５０％氢氧化钠浸取，稀土浸取率大于７０％。     

碳酸锶渣中锶的盐酸-氯化铵浸取工艺研究

随着电子、有色金属、航空航天等行业的快速发展,锶及锶盐的市场需求越来越大。以碳还原法生产碳酸锶的含锶工业废渣为原料,以盐酸-氯化铵为浸取剂,探究了浸取时间、浸取温度、盐酸-氯化铵物质的量比对废渣中锶浸取率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用3因素3水平的Box-BehnKen响应面分析法对锶浸取工艺做了优化,确定了浸取锶的最优工艺条件。结果表明：在盐酸与氯化铵物质的量比为4.32、浸取时间为104 min、浸取温度为33 ℃的最优工艺条件下,经过4次重复性实验,所得的锶浸取率平均值为95.15%,标准偏差为0.146 2,相对标准偏差为0.153 7%,与预测值相对误差仅为0.17%,所选因素对锶浸取率影响由大到小顺序：浸取时间、盐酸-氯化铵物质的量比、浸取温度,以期为锶渣中锶资源的回收利用提供参考。     

化学浸取法制铜副产硫磺和电解铁的研究

本文介绍了用非酸化学浸取剂对硫化铜矿加工生产电解铜，并副产电解铁和硫磺。叙述了采用三元浸取剂浸取过程的工艺条件，同时对浸取剂的再生等工艺也作了介绍。通过技术经济论证，充分体现了湿法冶铜新工艺的优越性及其良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

废次烟叶中茄尼醇的提取工艺研究

采用有机溶剂浸取法提取湖南废次烟叶中的茄尼醇,单因素实验获得了其较佳工艺条件：正己烷为溶剂,浸取温度为30℃,浸取时间为2h,重复浸取时间为2次。在该较佳工艺条件下进行实验,提取率为1．25％,粗品产率为90％。     

Scrap of magnesia parts,the reasons for it,and means of reducing it

Conclusions The most common and characteristic forms of scrap of magnesia parts differing in form, dimensions, and composition are shown. These include deviations of the dimensions from the nominal, breaking off of the corners and edges, nonuniformity, welding together, spots, voids, fire cracks, spalls, and cracks of different origin.The reasons for formation of scrap were determined. The primary of them are the reduced quality of the raw material (chromite, magnesite) with a larger quantity of impurities containing limited silicon and calcium oxides, sometimes insufficient density, grain size, and completeness of hydration of the magnesite powders, nonconformity of the bunker, proportioning, mixing, and pressing equipment to the requirements of modern production of progressive high-quality refractories, the insufficiently high binding capacity of lignosulfonates, deviations in the quality of assembly and finishing of press equipment and automatic ejectors, of the car floor lining, and in firing conditions, a high variation in density of the green parts, and nonuniform heating and cooling in the volume of the parts and of the whole charge during firing. More than 50% of the total scrap of all forms is due to firing scrap of parts.The primary means of reducing or eliminating scrap of parts and simultaneously increasing their quality based on the reasons for formation of different forms of it were noted. These above all else, are increasing the volumes and improving and introduction of new methods of concentration of magnesite and chromite, a successive increase in the share of chrome concentrates, chromium-containing broken parts, and powders by firing of magnesite and caustic dust in the production of magnesia refractory parts as the result of a decrease in the share of commercial natural chromite and magnesite, the use in the production of parts of high-quality type PMSP-93 powder produced in shaft kilns and used as the charge for production of fused materials, the use of the prospect of processes for production of dense periclase powders uniform in chemical analysis from recovered caustic dust, replacement of obsolete mixing and press equipment by more modern, increasing the strength of green parts by above all else improving the binding properties of LST and increasing pressing pressure, forming of the taper of parts by the side plates of the die, improving the quality of assembly and increasing the reliability of functioning of press equipment and automatic ejectors, improving car floor linings, introduction of new methods and increasing the volumes of production of progressive unfired refractories in place of certain forms of fired parts, observation of all production parameters, and a relationship of the wages of labor to the quantity of scrap and the quality of refractories.Introduction of the new management system and the active work of the quality groups created will open up and lead to the action of unutilized reserves for reduction of scrap.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 31–38, February, 1989.     

Special Features Of Stabilization Of The Growth Process In Plasma-arc Growth Of Single Crystals Of Refractory Compounds From SHS Products

Problems of the stability of the growth process in growing single crystals of refractory compounds (carbides and bondes of transition metals) by the method of plasma-arc remelting are considered. The main reasons behind the loss of stability of the spatial configuration of the melt (a shift of the anode lock-on of the arc from the center of the molten pool, disturbance of the symmetry of the plasma jet, superheating of the melt) are considered. The effect of cyclic perturbations in the crystallization system that appear upon replenishment on the fluctuation of the energy characteristics of the arc, the temperature of the melt, and the displacements of the crystallization surface is described. It is established that the crystallization rate and the process of coarsening of the crystallites in the formation of a columnar structure in the ingot depend on the frequency of feeding new portions and on their mass.     

Investigation of conditions of spherulite formation in mixtures of crystalline and amorphous polymers

The supermolecular structure of mixtures of crystalline polymers (low pressure and high pressure polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene) with an amorphous polymer (atactic polypropylene) from the point of view of the influence of the amorphous component on the morphology of the crystalline component has been investigated. The criterion of changes in the morphological state of larger supermolecular formations was the microscopic image of the samples obtained with an optical microscope, both between crossed nicols and in phase contrast. It has been established that the formation of typical spherulites depends on the amount of admixture of the amorphous polymer and also on the treatment of the samples. Upon crystallization in presence of a small amount of solvent (p-xylene), formation of typical spherulites of the crystalline component of the mixture can be observed while the same mixture in case of evaporation of the solvent presents a granulated refractive structure without typical spherulites, regardless of the rate of cooling. The probable role of the solvent is to facilitate mutual segregation of the microphases of both polymers in consequence of decrease in viscosity of the mixture. It has been further shown that even after briefly heating the mixture to a temperature of 220°C., before crystallization, spherulites do not form; on the contrary, spherulites originally present disappear and a structure consisting of smaller refractive formations of crystalline polymer is obtained. The formation of this structure, emerging after destruction of spherulites, might be attributed to an increase of interpenetration of both polymers and to an increase of the contact surfaces between components of the mixture.     

Some special features of open-hearth furnace bottoms

Conclusions The peculiar feature of the formation of hearths fettled with fine-grained chromemagnesite powder compared with those fettled with metallurgical magnesite powder is the formation of a more clearly expressed crystalline concretion of periclase as a result of the fine grain size composition of the powder and the presence in it of grains of chromite which help the process of hearth formation.Wear of the hearths made of chromemagnesite and magnesite powders is due mainly to one and the same factor — destruction of the crystalline concretion of periclase under the action of iron-silicate melt in the slag. The process of destruction of the hearths made from chromemagnesite powder occurs more slowly owing to the more complete formation of the concretion of crystals of periclase in these hearths, which is probably the basic cause of the higher resistance.Investigation of samples of hearth taken from the site of an accidental escape of metal through the bottom, showed that they contained crystals of iron spinel which is probably due to the local supersaturation of the hearth with iron oxides.     

聚羧酸减水剂影响抗裂性能的机理研究

通过实验,以混凝土28d的拉压比大小为评价混凝土抗裂性能的优劣，分析了合成聚羧酸减水剂的羧基、氨基、磺酸基、羟基、酯基等各官能团比例，聚醚支链的长短，减水剂分子量大小等因素对混凝土抗裂性能的影响。初步探讨了聚羧酸减水剂提高混凝土抗劈裂性能机理。     

Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis

The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented. Melatonin, by controlling DNA methylation and histone modification, prevents changes in gene expression that are directly related to the programming of endocrine pathology in offspring. Deficiency and absence of the circadian rhythm of maternal melatonin underlies violations of the genetic program for the development of hormonal and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of the functional systems of the child, which determines the programming and implementation of endocrine pathology in early ontogenesis, contributing to its development in later life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of endocrine disorders determines a new approach to risk assessment and timely prevention of offspring diseases even at the stage of family planning.     

浅谈我国陶瓷产品出口反倾销数据动态预警系统的构建

本文首先从我国陶瓷产品贸易现状出发，阐述了建立我国陶瓷产品出口反倾销数据动态预警系统的意义，然后指出建立我国陶瓷产品出口反倾销数据动态预警系统的总体思路，并在此基础上论述建立我国陶瓷产品出口反倾销数据动态分析预警系统的主要步骤。     

Some problems of separation of mixtures

The paths of the development of research and the change of priorities in the area of separation of mixtures are tracked by the example of analysis of the works of the laboratory founded by N.M. Zhavoronkov in 1945. The studies performed encompass a wide range of basic problems of heat and mass transfer in gas absorption, distillation (including vacuum, molecular, etc.), fractional crystallization, and melting. The subjects of the works under consideration include separation of isotopes of light elements, design of mass-transfer apparatuses with high unit power, investigation of the mechanism and kinetics of separation processes, studies of separation enhancement methods, and development of hybrid energy-and resource-saving processes and equipment.     

Application of Sonic Moduli of Elasticity and Rigidity to Testing of Heavy Refractories

The application of A.S.T.M. C 215-51 T (Tentative Method of Test for Fundamental Transverse Frequency of Concrete Specimens for Calculating Young's Modulus of Elasticity) to the nondestructive testing of 1- by 1- by 7-in. laboratory fire-clay specimens and standard 9-in. fire-clay and high-alumina refractory brick is reviewed. Both room-temperature measurements and hot sonic modulus of elasticity measurements to 1700°F. are analyzed. Sonic moduli of elasticity and rigidity are compared with modulus of rupture by a theory of measurements and statistical analysis. The limits of uncertainty of the average of modulus of rupture are shown to be a function of the degree of verification whereas in the case of both sonic moduli they are not. Limits of uncertainty of the average of sonic moduli data are usually of the same order as errors calculated from the precision of measurements. In the case of modulus of rupture of well-vitrified clays, the uncertainty of the average is much greater than calculated error limits. Sonic moduli differentiate statistically between two samples of 60% alumina brick whereas modulus of rupture does not. If Poisson's ratio is assumed to be zero rather than the conventional one-sixth, ratios of sonic modulus of elasticity to rigidity are shown to approximate the theoretical ratio more closely. Effects of nonuniform density to displace normal nodes are illustrated. Hot sonic modulus of elasticity is shown to reflect changes due to crystallographic inversions, deterioration of chemical bond in unfired brick, and development of sintered bond in unfired brick.     

不脱蛋白质壳聚糖制备工艺

采用D -近似最优设计法系统地研究了NaOH质量分数、碱处理时间及碱处理温度这三个主要因素对制备壳聚糖的影响 :当碱液质量分数增加时 ,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度增加 ,但其速度却在减小 ,当碱液质量分数达到 40 %时 ,脱乙酰度出现峰值 ,约为 90 % ,而后增加碱液质量分数时 ,脱乙酰度反而下降 ;随着反应温度的升高 ,其脱乙酰度几乎线性递增 ,当温度达到 2 0 0℃附近时 ,曲线趋于平直并且脱乙酰度达到最大 ;随着反应时间的增加 ,脱乙酰度开始呈线性增加 ,当反应时间超过 5 0min后 ,脱乙酰度有下降趋势 ;在一定碱液质量分数 (4 0 % )条件下 ,脱乙酰度随着温度的增加而增加 ,因此 ,若需获得较高质量的壳聚糖 ,必须提高反应温度