NBR橡胶耐油性能评价方法的研究

采用平衡溶胀法测试了2种不同丙烯腈含量的丁腈橡胶(NBR)在不同类型溶剂中的溶胀比,使用计算机软件(HSPiP)模拟计算了NBR三维溶解度参数值和NBR与溶剂或生物柴油之间的能量差Ra,考察了Ra对NBR溶胀性能的预测能力。结果表明,模拟计算的2种NBR三维溶度参数δd,δp和δh分别为19.3,8.8和6.3以及19.5,9.6和7.1,单位为(MPa)1/2。NBR在溶剂中的溶胀比随Ra的增大而减小,呈现出反"S"型曲线。利用Ra可预测NBR在溶剂及生物柴油中的溶胀性能,较为准确地评价了NBR制品的耐油性能,对NBR橡胶配方设计及耐油性能的优化研究具有重要意义。     

关于溶胀法及计算机模拟HNBR三维溶解度参数的研究

研究了用溶胀法测定,以及计算机程序(HSPiP)模拟计算氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)的三维溶解度参数值,对比了单溶剂溶胀和混合溶剂溶胀HNBR得到的三维溶解度参数值。结果表明,使用溶胀法能够准确地得到HNBR的溶解度参数值。用单溶剂和混合溶剂溶胀HNBR,以及模拟计算得到三维溶解度参数值基本相同,分别为δd=18.4(J/cm3)1/2,δp=6(J/cm3)1/2,δh=4.5(J/cm3)1/2和δd=18.9(J/cm3)1/2,δp=4.8(J/cm3)1/2,δh=5(J/cm3)1/2,而后者具有更明显的优势。相对于一维溶解度参数,聚合物的三维溶解度参数在预测聚合物相容性以及溶剂选择等方面,具有更大的利用价值。     

四种牌号丙烯酸酯橡胶结构和性能的对比

丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)是一种主链饱和的特种橡胶,本文选取了日本生产的AR74和AR840以及国产的AR96和AR100四种ACM橡胶,用红外光谱法分析这四种牌号橡胶的主单体是甲基丙烯酸丁酯,并对它们的分子量、硫化特性和其他物理性质进行了对比,为合理的选用丙烯酸酯橡胶提供参考依据。     

四川广汉金鑫胶业有限公司

<正>丙烯酸酯橡胶丙烯酸酯橡胶(简称ACM)是由丙烯酸酯为主体成份聚合而成之弹性体,耐润滑油、耐高温(最高可达180℃长期使用)、耐侯性、耐臭氧老化。本公司合成和加工ACM已有多年经验,可提供优质产品和相关加工应用服务。本公司生产的AR系列丙烯酸酯橡胶是活性氯型交联体系,可以采用皂/硫体系、     

4种丙烯酸酯橡胶结构和性能的对比

对比研究日本产AR74,AR840和国产AR100,AR96四种牌号的丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)的结构和性能。结果表明:4种胶均为丙烯酸丁酯橡胶;AR100和AR96的相对分子质量和物理性能相近,生胶拉伸强度和门尼粘度高于AR74和AR840;AR74,AR840,AR96和AR100的玻璃化温度依次升高,热稳定性依次变好;采用相同的皂/硫黄硫化体系时,AR840的硫化程度最高,AR100和AR96硫化胶的物理性能优于AR74和AR840硫化胶。     

共混比对丙烯酸酯橡胶/乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶共混胶性能的影响

研究了共混比对丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)/乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶(AEM)共混胶硫化特性、物理机械性能、耐热老化性能、耐油性能、耐低温性能、热稳定性和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,AEM用量的增加改善了ACM/AEM共混胶的加工安全性能、物理机械性能和热稳定性能,耐热老化性能变化不明显,耐低温性能稍有下降,ACM/AEM共混胶耐ASTM No 1标准油性能变好,耐IRM 903标准油性能变差;当ACM/AEM共混比为60/40时,共混胶的综合性能最佳,能够满足密封圈的性能要求。     

氯丁橡胶/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混研究

丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)的耐热老化性能和耐油性能较好,但力学性能较差。而氯丁橡胶(CR)的力学性能较高,耐温性能较差。两种橡胶并用可使力学性能和热老化性能有显著的提高。采用丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)和氯丁橡胶(CR)共混改性,通过偏光显微镜(×400)对共混物中两种橡胶的分散情况进行了分析。研究了CR/ACM共混物质量比、混炼和硫化工艺对共混物性能的影响,结果表明:当CR/ACM并用比在75/25时,采用过氧化二异丙苯、氧化锌、硫磺共硫化体系,白炭黑在混炼时分两次加入,硫化条件为165℃×10 MPa×30 min时,获得的CR/ACM共混物具有优异的力学性能和热老化性能。     

反气相色谱法与汉森溶解度参数软件测定原煤的三维溶解度参数

采用反气相色谱法（IGC）研究原煤在温度433.15、443.15、453.15、463.15和473.15 K时的三维溶解度参数（HSP）,并使用外推法得到原煤室温（298.15 K）时HSP的色散力分量（δ_d）、极性力分量（δ_p）、氢键力分量（δ_h）以及校正溶解度参数（δ_t）分别为δ_d=20.83（J·cm^-3）^1/2,δ_p=11.95（J·cm^-3）^1/2,δ_h=11.08（J·cm^-3）^1/2,δ_t=26.44（J·cm^-3）^1/2。同时,采用汉森三维溶解度参数软件（HSPiP）模拟原煤在室温下的HSP,得到δ_d=19.92（J·cm^-3）^1/2,δ_p=11.18（J·cm^-3）^1/2,δ_h=11.47（J·cm^-3）^1/2,δ_t=25.56（J·cm^-3）^1/2。IGC与HSPiP得出的数据一致,研究结果为煤的热力学性质研究及其溶胀剂的选择等应用提供了参考。     

ACM与AEM共混胶的试验研究

研究了不同共混比对丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)和乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶(AEM)共混胶性能的影响,并对比了不同炭黑补强的ACM/AEM共混胶性能。结果表明,当ACM/AEM并用比为70/30时,可以改善ACM胶料的混炼工艺性,且胶料有良好的物理机械性能、耐油性能和耐低温性能的平衡;随着炭黑粒径的增大,ACM/AEM共混胶的拉伸强度降低,压缩永久变形性能和耐油性能变好。     

氢化丁腈橡胶Therban 5008 VP三维溶解度参数的测定和应用

采用平衡溶胀法和计算机软件模拟研究了高丙烯腈含量(质量分数50%)氢化丁腈橡胶Therban 5008 VP的三维溶解度参数值,并计算了Therban 5008 VP与单一溶剂、生物柴油及Fuel C测试油之间的能量差,考察了能量差对Therban 5008 VP溶胀性能的预测能力。结果表明,在Therban 5008VP的三维溶解度参数值中色散力分量为18.8(J/cm3)1/2,极性力分量为9.6(J/cm3)1/2,氢键力分量为5.7(J/cm3)1/2。Therban 5008 VP在溶剂、生物柴油及Fuel C测试油中的溶胀性能可以较准确地反映在能量差的变化上。利用能量差可在一定程度上预测易挥发、废液难处理等液体的溶胀性能,从而省却溶胀实验。     

Estimating Hansen solubility parameters of organic pigments by group contribution methods

The Hansen solubility parameters(HSP) are frequently used for solvent selection and characterization of polymers,and are directly related to the suspension behavior of pigments in solvent mixtures.The performance of currently available group contribution(GC) methods for HSP were evaluated and found to be insufficient for computer-aided product design(CAPD) of paints and coatings.A revised and,for this purpose,improved GC method is presented for estimating HSP of organic compounds,intended for organic pigments.Due to the significant limitations of GC methods,an uncertainty analysis and parameter confidence intervals are provided in order to better quantify the estimation accuracy of the proposed approach.Compared to other applicable GC methods,the prediction error is reduced significantly with average absolute errors of 0.45 MPa~(1/2),1.35 MPa~(1/2),and 1.09 MPa~(1/2) for the partial dispersion(δ_D),polar(δ_P) and hydrogen-bonding(δ_H) solubility parameters respectively for a database of 1106 compounds.The performance for organic pigments is comparable to the overall method performance,with higher average errors for δ_D and lower average errors for δ_P and δ_H.     

Solubility of CO2 in Methanol, 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and Their Mixtures

Solubility data of carbon dioxide (CO₂) (1) in methanol (2), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoro- methylsulfonyl)imide ([omim]⁺[Tf₂N]^-) (3), and their mixtures (w₃ 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8) at temperatures 313.2 and 333.2 K and pressures up to 7.0 MPa were measured by a high-pressure view-cell technique. The solubility of CO₂ in methanol (w₃=0), [omim]⁺[Tf₂N]^- (w₃=1.0) and their mixtures follows the order of (w₃=0)<(w₃=0.2)< (w₃=0.5)<(w₃=0.8)<(w₃=1.0) at the same temperature and pressure, while the magnitude of Henry's constants follows the reverse order at a given temperature, which is consistent with the COSMO-RS (conductor-like screening for real solvents) calculation. The solubility data of CO₂ in methanol and [omim]⁺[Tf₂N]^- are correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state, and the solubility of CO₂ in the mixtures of methanol and [omim]⁺[Tf₂N]^- can be well predicted based on the mole fraction average of methanol and [omim]⁺[Tf₂N]^- over the solubility of CO₂ in pure methanol and [omim]⁺[Tf₂N]^-. The mixtures of methanol and [omim]⁺[Tf2N]^- may be used as physical solvents for capturing CO₂ with high partial pressures since they combine the advantages of organic solvents and ionic liquids.     

基于柱色谱分离的阿曼减压渣油结构表征与溶解度参数测定

采用液-固色谱分离方法将阿曼减压渣油分离成饱和分、轻芳烃、中芳烃、重芳烃、轻胶质、中胶质、重胶质和沥青质8个组分,对各组分烃类组成和分子结构进行表征;同时采用基团贡献法计算各组分溶解度参数并与各组分性质进行关联。结果表明,芳香分和胶质组分中S分布相对均匀,绝大部分N（85.05%）、残炭（91.95%）和镍钒金属（99.85%）分布在重芳烃、胶质和沥青质中,金属和残炭脱除率分别在流出组分累计收率为53.8%和43.8%时存在明显下降拐点,对溶剂脱沥青工艺操作有重要指导意义;从饱和分到沥青质,各组分的密度ρ_i、摩尔体积V_i和溶解度参数δ_i依次增加;阿曼减压渣油的溶解度参数δ_VR为17.29MPa^1/2,介于轻芳烃和中芳烃之间。相对于S、N、残炭值、H/C比和芳香度f_A,溶解度参数δ与密度、总环数R_T和分子量关联性较好,尤其与对数lnM呈现良好线性关系,可以近似看成分子量的单值函数δ=4.7282lnM-14.639。     

共混比对不同耐寒级别ACM并用胶性能的影响

研究了不同耐寒级别ACM（标准型AR801和耐寒型AR840）共混比对并用胶性能的影响。结果表明,随着AR840用量的增加,ML升高,AM下降,拉伸强度和撕裂强度下降,耐油性能下降,玻璃化转变温度和脆性温度下降,并用耐寒型ACM可改善ACM硫化胶的耐低温性能。     

双季戊四醇在3种混合溶剂中的固-液相平衡

采用动态平衡法，在293.15～332.80 K、常压下，测定了双季戊四醇(DPE)在水+(甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇)三种混合溶剂中的溶解度数据。结果表明：DPE在不同质量分数的水+(甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇)混合溶剂中的溶解度随体系温度升高而增大；同一温度下，其在所选取溶剂体系中的溶解度随着甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇质量分数的增大而先增大后减小。λh方程、两参数方程与Apelblat方程均能够对所测定的溶解度数据进行较好的关联；通过修正的van’t Hoff方程计算得到DPE在所选取溶剂体系中Δ_sol H ⁰、Δ_sol S ⁰和Δ_sol G ⁰均大于零，表明DPE在所选取溶剂体系中的溶解过程为吸热、熵增的非自发过程。     

Composite bilayer films with organic compound-triggered bending properties

Organic compounds are widely used in both industry and daily life, and composite bilayer films with organic compound-triggered bending properties are promising for applications of transducers, soft robotics, and so on. Here, a universal and straightforward strategy to generate composite bilayer films with organic compoundtriggered bending properties is demonstrated. The composite bilayer films with organic compound-triggered bending properties are designed with bilayer structures, in which one layer is a porous polymeric membrane with appropriate solubility parameter that matches the value of organic solvents in order to produce prominent affinity to the solvent molecules, and the other layer is reduced graphene oxide membrane stacked on the porous polymeric membrane as an inert layer for restraining the swelling of the polymeric membrane on one side. Guided by matching the solubility parameters between solvent and polymer, a significant bending curvature of 27.3 cm^-1 is obtained in acetone vapor. The results in this study will provide valuable guidance for designing and developing functional composite materials with significant organic compound-triggered bending properties.     

Investigation of CO2 solubility in monoethanolamine hydrochloride based deep eutectic solvents and physical properties measurements

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have drawn a growing research interest for applications in a wide range of scientific and industrial arenas. However, a limited effort has been reported in the area of gas separation processes and particularly the carbon dioxide capture. This study introduces a novel set of DESs that were prepared by complexing ethylenediamine (EDA), monoethanolamine (MEA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), triethylenetetramine (TETA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) as hydrogen bond donors to monoethanolamide hydrochloride (EAHC) salt as a hydrogen bond acceptor. The absorption capacity of CO₂ was evaluated by exploiting a method based on measuring the pressure drop during the absorption process. The solubility of different DESs was studied at a temperature of 313.15 K and initial pressure of 0.8 MPa. The DES systems 1EAHC:9DETA, 1EAHC:9TETA and 1EAHC:9TEPA achieved the highest CO₂ solubility of 0.6611, 0.6572 and 0.7017 mol CO₂·(mole DES)^-1 respectively. The results showed that CO₂ solubility in the DESs increased with increasing the molar ratio of hydrogen bond donor. In addition, the CO₂ solubility increased as the number of amine groups in the solvent increases, therefore, increasing the alkyl chain length in the DESs, resulted in increasing the CO₂ solubility. FTIR analysis confirms the DES synthesis since no new functional group was identified. The FTIR spectra also revealed the carbamate formation in DES-CO₂ mixtures. In addition, the densities and viscosities of the synthesized DESs were also measured. The CO₂ initial investigation of reported DESs shows that these can be potential alternative for conventional solvents in CO₂ capture processes.     

Extraction of coals with CS2-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mixed solvent at room temperature Effect of coal rank and synergism of the mixed solvent

Coals (from lignite to anthracite) were extracted at room temperature with CS₂-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (MP) mixed solvent (1:1 by volume), which was found to be a very efficient solvent for the extraction of bituminous coals in a previous study. High yields of 30–66% (daf) were obtained for 29 of the 49 bituminous coals (C%76.9–90.6% daf) examined. The anthracite, subbituminous coals and lignites did not give high yields. The results of the characterization of the raw coals, extracts and residues suggest that reactions between the coals and the solvents do not occur to a significant extent during the extraction. The synergistic effect, i.e. the large increase in yield and rate for the mixed solvent compared with those for CS₂ and MP alone has been explained by increasing solubility and diffusibility of the extracts and increasing swelling of the coals, in the mixed solvent. The mixed solvents of CS₂ with quinoline, pyridine and THF gave lower extraction yields than the CS₂-MP mixed solvent.     

Jatropha curcas L. oil extracted by switchable solvent N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine for biodiesel production

Biodiesel, which is a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel, has been studied widely to help remedy increasing environmental problems. One of the key processes of biodiesel production is oil extraction from oilseed materials. Switchable solvents can reversibly change from molecular to ionic solvents under atmospheric CO_2,and can be used for oil extraction. N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine(DMCHA), a switchable solvent, was used to extract oil from Jatropha curcas L. oil seeds to produce biodiesel. The appropriate extraction conditions were:1:2 ratio of seed mass to DMCHA volume, 0.3–1 mm particle size, 200 r·min-1agitation speed, 60 min extraction time, and 30 °C extraction temperature. The extraction ratio was about 83%. This solvent extracted the oil more efficiently than hexane, and is much less volatile. By bubbling CO_2 under 1 atm and 25 °C for 5 h, the oil was separated, and DMCHA was recovered after releasing CO_2 by bubbling N_2 under 1 atm and 60 °C for 2 h. The residual solvent content in oil was about 1.7%. Selectivity of DMCHA was evaluated by detecting the protein and sugar content in oil. Using the oil with residual solvent to conduct transesterification process, the oil conversion ratio was approximately 99.5%.