超临界CO_2萃取蛋黄油及数学模拟

在萃取器为 1.2L的试验装置上 ,在温度为 45℃、压力为 32 .0MPa、原料粒度 (D)为 1.2mm的条件下 ,进行了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的研究 .考察了CO2 的流量和原料粒度对萃取的影响 .建立了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的数学模型 ,该模型能较好地反映实际萃取过程 .根据模拟结果得到外扩散传质系数和流体流速的 0 .5 48次方成正比     

响应曲面法优化超临界CO_2萃取猕猴桃籽油条件

以猕猴桃籽为试验原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面分析法建立了超临界CO2萃取猕猴桃籽油萃取率的二次多元回归方程,探讨了压力、温度、CO2流量等关键因素对萃取率的作用规律。结果表明,萃取压力、温度、CO2流量对萃取率影响显著,萃取压力和温度交互效应影响显著。根据萃取率回归方程对猕猴桃籽油的超临界萃取工艺参数进行了优选,最优工艺参数为:压力31.7 MPa,温度40.2℃,CO2流量27.4 kg/h,该条件下萃取率高达32.57%,与试验值31.24%仅有4.5%的误差,证实了该方程的预测值与试验值之间具有较好的拟合度。超临界CO2萃取的猕猴桃籽油与己烷提取的油脂在脂肪酸组成上没有显著差别。     

均匀设计法优化超临界萃取姜油树脂工艺条件的研究

采用均匀设计法,考察了CO2超临界萃取过程中萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间及萃取剂CO2流量4个因素对姜油树脂萃取率的影响。结果表明,超临界萃取姜油树脂的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间4.5 h,CO2流量为26 kg/h,在此条件下,姜油树脂萃取率为5.27%。     

超临界CO_2萃取胡椒油实验研究与数值模拟

建立了超临界流体萃取胡椒油实验装置,以CO2为萃取剂,考察了萃取压力、温度、CO2流量及原料颗粒大小等因素对胡椒油萃取率的影响,并由此确定了较佳的萃取工艺条件:压力22—26 MPa,温度313—323 K,胡椒颗粒度30—40目,CO2流量0.3—0.4 m3/h,胡椒油累积萃取率可达80%—90%。基于萃取器微分单元和固态原料颗粒微分单元质量守恒原理,建立了微分方程,利用直线推动力近似理论拟合总传质推动力及平衡吸收常数,化简方程,对实验结果进行了数值模拟。     

超临界CO2萃取丁香挥发油的实验研究

采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取丁香挥发油的条件进行了研究。考察了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量等因素在不同水平下对丁香挥发油提取率的影响。得到了超临界C02萃取丁香挥发油的最佳实验条件：萃取压力30MPa、温度40℃、CO2流量40kg／h和萃取时间80min,得率为20．62％。与水蒸气蒸馏法比较,超临界CO2萃取的收率高,萃取时间短。     

超临界CO_2萃取苕叶细辛挥发油

采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取苕叶细辛挥发油的条件进行了研究。考察了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量等因素在不同水平下对苕叶细辛挥发油提取率的影响。得到了超临界CO2萃取苕叶细辛挥发油的最佳实验条件:萃取压力20MPa,温度40℃,CO2流量35kg/h和萃取时间80min,得率为1 72%。水蒸气蒸馏提取得率为0 24%。超临界CO2萃取的收率高,萃取时间短。     

超临界CO2萃取迷迭香油工艺及其GC—MS分析研究

本文研究了超临界CO2 对迷迭香油的萃取工艺 ,结合温度、压力、CO2 流量及时间等因素对迷迭香油萃取率的影响 ,采用四因素 ,三水平的正交设计 ,得出迷迭香油萃取率最佳工艺条件为压力 (MPa) 3 0 ;温度 (℃ ) 3 5;CO2 流量 (l/h) 2 0 ;萃取时间 (小时 ) 2 ;并用GC -MS分析了迷迭香油的组成 ,得到了 2 2种成分 ,桉叶油素的含量最高 ,超临界萃取得到的迷迭香油组分“天然”全面。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取蛋黄油的研究

采用超临界萃取方法,以二氧化碳作为溶剂,在比较温和的实验条件下,从蛋黄粉中萃取蛋黄油。实验条件为：温度３５℃～７５℃,压力２５ＭＰａ～３６ＭＰａ,ＣＯ２的流量约７．０ｋｇ／ｈ。实验得到最佳的萃取条件为：５５℃、２８ＭＰａ～３６ＭＰａ。气相色谱分析结果表明：在不同的萃取阶段蛋黄油的组成类似。并且得到了不同实验条件下蛋黄油在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度     

超临界CO2流体萃取分离乙醛酸的研究

本文通过测定草酸和乙醛酸在不同的温度和压力下在超临界CO2流体中的溶解度，确定超临界CO2流体萃取乙醛酸的工艺条件。在一定的条件下证明利用该工艺的可行性，为进一步研究此方法分离乙醛酸奠定了基础。     

超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒中有效成分的研究

用超临界CO2萃取技术,首先在低压、低温的条件下选择性萃取黑胡椒精油,进而在高温、高压及极性夹带剂的协同作用下,萃取富含胡椒碱的黑胡椒油树脂。另外,利用分子蒸馏技术纯化超临界CO2萃取的黑胡椒精油,得到适用于日化行业的无色、无辛辣感的挥发油,并通过GC-MS对比分析其香气成分。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒精油的较优条件为:萃取压力10MPa、萃取温度35℃、萃取时间1.5h,在该条件下产物得率为3.01%;超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒油树脂的最佳条件为:m(原料)∶m(体积分数95%食用乙醇)=2∶1、萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间4h,在该条件下油树脂得率为7.88%,油树脂中胡椒碱质量分数为65.79%。     

川芎油在超临界二氧化碳中溶解度的测定与关联

Extraction of the Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil with supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2） was investigated at the temperatures ranging from 55℃ to 70℃ and pressure from 25 MPa to 35 MPa. The mass of Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil extracted increased with pressure at constant temperature. The initial slope of the extraction was considered as the solubility of oil in SC-CO2. Chrastil equation was used to correlate the solubility data of Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil. An improved Chrastil equation was also presented and was employed to correlate the solubility data, The correlation results show that the values of the average absolute relative deviation are 5.94% and 3.33% respectively, indicating the improved version has better correlation accuracy than that of Chrastil equation.     

α-细辛醚在超临界CO2中溶解度的测定和计算

Solubility of α -asarone in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured and calculated by P-R equation and Chrastil method. Compared with experimental data, the average relative deviation of the calculated solubility of α -asarone is 25% and 8% for P-R equation and Chrastil method respectively,which indicates that the experimental results can be correlated well with Chrastil method.The Chrastil equation for the solubility of α -asarone in supercritical carbon dioxide was subsequently given, which can be applied to the prediction of solubility according to the practical supercritical conditions.     

齐墩果酸在超临界CO2中的溶解度研究

采用静态平衡差重法测定了齐墩果酸在超临界CO2中各个状态点的溶解度,考查了温度、压力、密度等因素对齐墩果酸在超临界CO2中溶解度的影响,并采用Chrastil模型对实验数据进行分析计算。实验结果表明：齐墩果酸在超临界CO2中的溶解度随着压力的增加而增加,20MPa条件下的密度与溶解度符合一定的函数关系。     

丁香油主要成分在超临界CO2中的溶解度测定与关联

采用动态法分别测定了丁香油中主要成分丁香酚、乙酰丁香酚和β-石竹烯在超临界CO2中的溶解度。实验结果表明：三种成分在超临界CO2中的溶解度随着压力的增加而增大，随温度的增加而变小。在压力10-30MPa和温度313.15-333.15K范围内，丁香酚在超临界CO2中的溶解度(摩尔分数)为0.0002 -0.0580，乙酰丁香酚在超临界CO2中的溶解度(摩尔分数)为0.00018-0.07030，β-石竹烯在超临界CO2中的溶解度(摩尔分数)为0.00034-0.07096。采用Chrastil方程及其改进方程（Adachi、del Valle）分别对三种化合物在超临界CO2中的溶解度数据进行了关联，对丁香酚关联的AARD值分别为4.92%、4.47%、5.19%，对乙酰丁香酚关联的AARD值分别为3.69%、2.91%、3.24%，对丁香酚关联的AARD值分别为4.77%、4.41%、4.21%。     

桐油的超临界二氧化碳萃取及溶解度研究

采用超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO_2)萃取技术对从桐籽中提取桐油的工艺进行了研究,考察了物料粒径、萃取温度、萃取压力等对桐油提取率的影响并得到适宜的操作条件.结果表明.优化条件下桐油提取率达到55.16%,桐油回收率达到91%.还利用SC-CO_2萃取桐油的实验数据求得了桐油在SC-CO_2中的溶解度,并用Chrastil方程对溶解度数据进行关联.在30～50℃和25～55 MPa条件下,桐油在SC-CO_2中的溶解度为0.004～0.026 g/L.Chrastil方程关联的平均相对误差为8.41%.     

Solubility model of arachis hypogea skin oil by modified supercritical carbon dioxide

The main objective of this study was to determine the solubility of peanut (Arachis Hypogea) skin oil using modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂). The solubility was measured at pressure ranging from 100 to 300 Bar, temperature of 313 to 328 K, and rate of modifier from 0.075 to 0.225 mL/min. The solubility of extraction was ranging from 1.12 to 7.73 mg/min. The Chrastil, modified Chrastil, Del Valle Aguilera (DVA), Adachi-Lu, and Gordillo as empirical models were tested to fit the experimental data. Solubilities from these models followed the average absolute relative deviations (AARD) from experimental data: Chrastil, modified Chrastil, DVA, Adachi-Lu, and Gordillo with AARD of 8.54%, 8.26%, 19.41%, 9.24%, and 20.62%, respectively. Modified Chrastil model provide the best fit.     

Solubility of niflumic acid and celecoxib in supercritical carbon dioxide

The solubility data of two fluorinated and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, niflumic acid (CAS No. 4394-00-7) and celecoxib (CAS No. 169590-42-5), in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured with a semi-flow type phase equilibrium apparatus at temperatures ranging from 313.2 K to 353.2 K and pressures up to 31 MPa. At the highest extraction temperature and pressure, the solubilities are 2.09 × 10⁻⁵ and 1.52 × 10⁻⁵ in mole fraction for niflumic acid and celecoxib, respectively. The saturated solubility data were correlated with the Chrastil model, the Mendez-Santiago–Teja equation, and the Peng–Robinson equation of state. The Chrastil model fitted the experimental data to about within the experimental uncertainty. The correlated results of the Mendez-Santiago–Teja model confirmed the consistency of the solubility data over the entire experimental conditions. Incorporating with two-parameter van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules, the Peng–Robinson equation of state represents satisfactorily the gas–solid equilibrium behavior of niflumic acid and celecoxib in supercritical carbon dioxide.     

胡椒碱在超临界和近临界二氧化碳中的溶解度

Piperine is a member of the lipids family commonly found in peppercorn, ginger and other natural sources and is grouped as an alkaloid. The solubility of piperine has been determined in carbon dioxide at near critical and supercritical conditions in a dynamic extraction apparatus. The conditions studied were at pressures ranging from 10 to 20 MPa and temperatures at 293, 300, 313, 323 and 333 K. The results showed that piperine solubility increased with increasing pressure at all temperatures studied. The solubility of piperine in near critical conditions was slightly higher than that at supercritical conditions only at the low-pressure range. Two semi-empirical density dependent correlations, namely the Chrastil model and the Dilute Solution model, were also used to estimate the solubility data. Although both models showed good correlation with the solubility data, the Dilute Solution model performed better prediction than the Chrastil model.     

Solubility of astaxanthin in supercritical carbon dioxide

The solubility of astaxanthin in carbon dioxide was measured under supercritical conditions of a pressure range from 80 to 300 bar, and temperature range from 303 to 333 K, by using a dynamic flow-type. The solubility of astaxanthin increasing from 0.42×10⁻⁵ to 4.89×10⁻⁵ with higher temperature and pressure maintains certain density of supercritical carbon dioxide. The solubility data obtained were applied to the Chrastil model, based on the density of carbon dioxide. The data fitted well with the Chrastil model at most experimental conditions.     

Extraction and solubility evaluation of functional seed oil in supercritical carbon dioxide

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil is valued for its nutritional properties and for the health benefits associated with it. Its greatest feature is that the ratio of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is the desirable value of 3:1. In this research, supercritical carbon dioxide was applied to extraction of functional oil from hemp seed. In order to determine the effect of temperature and pressure on the yield of extracted components, the oil was extracted from hemp seed at temperatures between 40 and 80 °C, pressures of 20–40 MPa and a CO₂ flow rate of 3 mL/min. The solubility of hemp seed oil in SCCO₂ determined experimentally was fitted to the Chrastil equation to determine the model parameters. The solubility calculated by Chrastil equation was compared with the experimental data. Finally, the fatty acid profile of the oil was evaluated by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). There are no significant differences in the compositions of five abundant fatty acid components of the oil obtained at different sampling times with SCCO₂ extraction and other extraction methods.