钢渣砂的安定性及其检测方法的研究

钢渣代砂制备的砂浆具有密度大,强度高,抗渗性好等优点。然而钢渣中的f-CaO等易引起体积安定性不良。研究表明：钢渣的体积安定性并不单纯地随f-CaO的含量增大而降低;雷氏夹法及粉化率法在衡量钢渣体积安定性方面均不可靠;而压蒸法测定强度变化是比较可靠的方法。     

蒸压建材生产过程中钢渣安定性处理与活性化利用

钢渣安定性处理过程常常造成胶凝活性的损失。为此，本文利用改性助剂消除钢渣水化过程中产生的氢氧化物并生成胶凝产物，在蒸压建材的生产过程中实现钢渣安定性处理和游离氧化物的活性化利用，并避免单独处置钢渣造成的活性物质损失。研究表明，8%秸秆灰和3%磷酸二氢铵作为复合助剂制备的尾矿-钢渣蒸压试块体积稳定，抗压强度达24.0MPa。通过对蒸压样品游离氧化物消解率、化学结合水量及热重、XRD分析，得出钢渣安定性处理与活性化利用机制：硅质材料与钢渣中f-CaO水化生成的Ca(OH)₂结合迅速生成对体系力学强度有益的水化硅酸钙，避免因大量Ca(OH)₂积累造成体积膨胀；磷酸盐中的NH₄⁺、H₂PO₄^-与f-MgO结合生成磷酸铵镁及其他低溶度积复盐类矿物，进而消除因f-MgO水化生成Mg(OH)₂造成体积膨胀的隐患。试样在180℃蒸压4h后，f-CaO及f-MgO消解率分别可达86.28%、89.73%。本文将为利用钢渣大比例取代水泥和石灰生产蒸压建筑材料提供理论基础，对于提高钢渣利用率、减少碳排放具有重要价值。     

基于高斯过程回归的软测量模型预测水泡陈化中钢渣f-CaO含量

采用水泡陈化方法处理滚筒钢渣,跟踪检测滚筒钢渣中游离氧化钙(f-CaO)含量.运用高斯过程回归,建立基于高斯过程回归的软测量模型预测滚筒钢渣水泡陈化中f-CaO含量.结果表明,水泡陈化方法处理滚筒钢渣可以有效降低f-CaO含量,A类滚筒钢渣120 d之后f-CaO含量基本维持在3.98%~4.03%,B类滚筒钢渣105 d之后f-CaO含量维持在9.84%~10.03%,满足安全利用的要求;基于高斯过程回归的软测量模型的真实值与预测值数据吻合较好,相对误差为-1.493%~0.748%,有效提高了滚筒钢渣水泡陈化中f-CaO含量预测精度.     

基于小波分析理论的指数平滑模型预测自然陈化中钢渣f-CaO含量

采用自然陈化方法处理滚筒钢渣,跟踪检测渣中游离氧化钙(f-CaO)含量,分析f-CaO含量变化机理;运用小波分析理论和指数平滑模型建立了指数平滑模型,预测滚筒钢渣自然陈化过程中f-CaO含量. 结果表明,自然陈化方法可有效降低滚筒钢渣中f-CaO含量,A类滚筒钢渣自然陈化180 d后f-CaO含量约为1.2%,B类滚筒钢渣自然陈化60 d后f-CaO含量为5.0%~6.0%,满足安全利用要求;基于小波分析理论的指数平滑模型的预测值与实验值吻合较好,相对误差为-3.442%~4.651%,有效提高了滚筒钢渣自然陈化中f-CaO含量预测精度.     

钢渣的分级和蒸汽养护处理研究

通过对热焖钢渣分级、研磨、蒸汽养护处理,采用X射线衍射分析、化学滴定法和热分析法等技术,研究分级处理和蒸汽养护对钢渣物相及其f-CaO含量的影响.结果表明:钢渣经分级处理后,f-CaO和二价金属化物固溶体(RO相)主要富集于原始粒径大的钢渣粉中,MgO富集于粒径0.30～4.0 mm的钢渣粉中,CaCO3和Ca(OH)2富集于粒径于0.3 mm的细颗粒中;f-CaO含量随着钢渣粒径的增大而升高;蒸汽养护促进钢渣中f-CaO的消解,蒸汽养护3 h后,原始粒径大于8.0 mm的钢渣的f-CaO含量由原来的5.43％下降至1.61％(质量分数),粒径0.15～0.30 mm的钢渣的f-CaO含量由原来的1.34％下降至0.73％(质量分数);蒸汽养护对MgO消解的影响不明显.     

络合滴定法测定钢渣中游离氧化钙含量

目的:利用EDTA络合滴定法对钢渣中游离氧化钙含量进行测定。方法:在装有50mL过滤试液的烧杯(250mL)中,一次加入氯化镁溶液2~3滴、三乙醇胺溶液5mL、氢氧化钠溶液20mL、钙指示剂少许,摇匀后利用EDTA标准滴定溶液将酒红色的溶液滴定至纯蓝色,结束滴定。结果通过实验后得知,粒径为0.15~0.6mm的钢渣中含有约1.65%的f-CaO;粒径为0.6~1mm的钢渣中含有约1.85%的f-CaO;粒径为1~2mm的钢渣中含有约2.63%的f-CaO;粒径≥2mm的钢渣中含有约6.82%的f-CaO;经过热焖工艺处理后的钢渣中含有约0.65%的f-CaO;普通钢渣中含有约6.95%的f-CaO。结论:测定结果相对标准偏差均不超过3%,与测定标准相符合。     

基于灰色理论的三次指数平滑模型预测自然陈化中热闷钢渣f-CaO含量

采用自然陈化方法处理热闷钢渣,跟踪检测热闷钢渣中游离氧化钙(f-CaO)含量.运用灰色预测模型和三次指数平滑模型,建立基于灰色理论的三次指数平滑模型(GM-ESIII预测模型)预测热闷钢渣自然陈化中f-CaO含量.结果表明,自然陈化方法处理热闷钢渣可以有效降低f-CaO含量,即S热闷钢渣150 d之后f-CaO含量从9.41％下降至6.01％且基本维持在6.00％左右,N热闷钢渣160 d之后f-CaO含量从5.83％下降至2.64％且基本维持在2.65％左右;GM-ESIII预测模型的预测数据与试验数据吻合较好,相对误差为-2.149％～1.894％,有效提高了热闷钢渣自然陈化中f-CaO含量预测精度;同时GM-ESIII预测模型中平滑系数与初始f-CaO含量的相关性较小,与f-CaO含量变化趋势的相关性较大.     

钢渣-尾矿蒸压砖性能影响因素研究

以通过研究几种关键工艺参数对钢渣-尾矿蒸压砖性能的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件:成型水量为9%;成型压力为20MPa;养护条件为160℃恒温3h。以本工艺生产尾矿-钢渣蒸压砖,钢渣掺量从原来的11%提高到30%,水泥用量由原来的7%下降到5%,产品抗压强度达到15MPa以上。为钢渣、尾矿的处理及资源化利用提供了一条有效途径。     

钢渣烧结过程的矿物相转变及性能研究

钢渣由于早期活性低，易磨性差，安定性不良，制约了其在水泥混凝土中的大规模利用。本文通过对钢渣进行高温重构，研究了钢渣在不同重构温度下的矿物相转变及易磨性、安定性、活性指数的变化。结果表明：高温可以优化钢渣的矿物相组成，促进难磨相浮氏体(Fe_xO)、RO相的转化，促进钢渣中硅酸二钙(C₂S)向硅酸三钙(C₃S)转变，促进镁铁尖晶石(MgFe₂O₄)的生成；矿物及液相分布均匀，矿物组成良好、边界更清晰的重构钢渣往往表现出更高的强度，试验所用两种钢渣经过1 400℃的高温重构，其28 d活性指数可分别达99.03%和96.52%;钢渣中f-CaO含量随重构温度的升高而显著降低；易磨性则随着重构温度的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

利用粉煤灰高温重构及稳定钢渣品质的研究

钢渣中掺加粉煤灰高温重构,用正交试验法设计实验方案,考察了掺加量、试验温度及冷却方式对胶凝材料强度的影响.结果表明,掺加粉煤灰可以稳定钢渣品质;f-CaO吸收完全;没有方镁石析出;钢渣的28 d活性指数达84%.试验最佳参数为:粉煤灰掺量15%;温度1300 ℃;热闷处理.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。     

Generalization of vdW type of equations of state

1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows     

船舶柴油机涡轮增压器的清洗

采用喷射清洗剂的方法，清洗涡轮叶片积炭。