非均相法催化制备生物柴油的最新研究进展

非均相连续化工艺是生物柴油规模化工业生产的发展方向。多相催化剂的研制和新型工艺过程的开发一直是生物柴油领域的研究热点,也是实现生物柴油绿色、经济、高效生产的关键。分析了酯交换反应可能的反应机理,综述了国内外生物柴油非均相酸碱催化剂的最新研究进展,评述了多种固体酸碱催化剂在生物柴油的制备中优异的催化性能和存在的问题,介绍了多种新型多相生物柴油反应器及反应分离耦合工艺在生物柴油连续化制备中的应用,最后展望了生物柴油未来的发展前景,指出新型固体酸碱双功能催化剂与先进多相连续反应分离耦合工艺的开发将推动生物柴油领域不断发展。     

固体碱催化制备生物柴油研究进展

生物柴油是一种清洁可再生能源,是石化能源的理想替代品。近年来,生物柴油的非均相制备技术已成为研究热点,其中,固体碱催化制备生物柴油的研究较多。主要介绍了现阶段非负载型固体碱及负载型固体碱在酯交换制备生物柴油中的应用,并对用于制备生物柴油的固体碱催化剂的发展方向进行初步探讨。     

微波促进生物柴油制备的研究进展

以微波为促进手段进行生物柴油制备近几年受到广泛关注,本文从均相和非均相催化转酯化反应的角度,综述了微波促进生物柴油制备的国内外研究进展。与非均相催化过程相比,均相催化过程的研究更加广泛。均相催化剂的研究多以碱性催化剂为主,其反应速率快,但是副反应多。非均相催化剂的研究中,均有采用固体酸或者固体碱催化剂的报道,其中以活性炭为载体的固体催化剂具有廉价、高效的特点,但是其催化剂寿命需要进一步提高。     

非均相催化剂制备生物柴油的研究进展

总结了国内外非均相催化剂制备生物柴油的最新进展;介绍了不同非均相催化剂的特性及其催化制备生物柴油的优缺点;最后归纳了非均相催化剂在生物柴油制备过程中存在的问题,并对今后的研究重点及前景做出了展望。     

催化酯交换制备生物柴油的研究进展

催化酯交换是制备生物柴油的一个重要方法。本文综述了均相催化和非均相催化、酸性催化和碱性催化、固体酸和固体碱催化的研究进展,并针对每类催化剂的特性和应用范围进行比较,得出固体酸和固体碱催化符合绿色生产生物柴油的要求,是未来发展的方向。特别是固体酸在催化含有水分和游离酸的油脂酯交换方面具有独特的优势,需要进一步研究和开发。     

制备生物柴油固体催化剂及过程强化研究进展

叙述了催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油固体催化剂的类型及特点、催化活性和寿命,介绍了近期有关固体非均相催化酯交换过程强化研究及其对反应和转化率的影响。认为需寻求活性更高的催化剂,强化过程传质等工程手段,以解决固体催化过程存在的非均相和催化界面使酯交换反应时间过长、转化率低的问题。     

餐饮业废油脂生产生物柴油绿色化工艺的研究

提出了一种清洁、环境友好的餐饮业废油脂制备生物柴油的方法和工艺.以磁性固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-Fe3O4为非均相催化剂,以餐饮业废油脂为原料与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油;利用三因素一次回归正交设计实验方法,考察了反应温度、甲醇用量、催化剂用量对废油脂酯转化率的影响,确定了制备生物柴油的最佳反应条件;通过对实验结果的处理,求出了回归方程;数理统计分析表明回归方程可靠适用;同时利用IR、XRD、SEM、EDS等对磁性固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-Fe3O4催化剂的结构进行了表征.与传统的均相催化剂(H2SO4、NaOH) 相比,磁性固体超强酸具有催化活性高、易于分离、可重复使用的特点,是制备生物柴油的环境友好型固体酸催化剂.     

不同工艺制备的CaO固体催化剂对生物柴油性能的影响

用菜籽油为原料,以CaO为非均相催化剂,通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油。对比不同工艺下制备的4种CaO系列固体催化剂对制备的生物柴油黏度、酸值及得率的影响,发现催化效率高低顺序为:煅烧CaO>CaO/MgO(Ⅰ)>CaO/MgO(Ⅱ)>原料CaO。经700℃煅烧所制得的锻烧CaO固体催化剂使用效果最佳,在反应4h后得到黏度为4.37 mm²/s、酸值为0.79 mg/g的生物柴油,达到国家标准,得率为94.30%。     

用于制备生物柴油的固体催化剂研究进展

简单介绍了生物柴油及其制备方法,重点综述了近年来国内外利用固体酸催化剂、固体碱催化剂制备生物柴油的研究进展和应用现状,并对生物柴油用固体催化剂的研究前景进行了展望。     

固体酸催化制备生物柴油研究进展

生物柴油是一种绿色的可再生能源,主要通过酯交换反应生产。催化剂在酯交换反应中起重要作用,固体酸催化剂因污染少、效率高、易分离而成为研究热点。本文介绍了固体酸催化制备生物柴油的反应机理,综述了国内外近几年生物柴油制备中所用固体酸催化剂的研究进展,分为固体杂多酸、无机酸盐、金属氧化物及其复合物、沸石分子筛及阳离子交换树脂等,分析了催化剂的制备流程、反应操作条件和反应结果等,得出固体酸在催化含有大量水分和游离酸的油脂酯交换反应方面具有独特的优势,且符合生物柴油绿色生产的要求,是需要进一步研究和开发的方向。     

The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: A review

Biodiesel fuel has shown great promise as an alternative to petro-diesel fuel. Biodiesel production is widely conducted through transesterification reaction, catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts. The most notable catalyst used in producing biodiesel is the homogeneous alkaline catalyst such as NaOH, KOH, CH₃ONa and CH₃OK. The choice of these catalysts is due to their higher kinetic reaction rates. However because of high cost of refined feedstocks and difficulties associated with use of homogeneous alkaline catalysts to transesterify low quality feedstocks for biodiesel production, development of various heterogeneous catalysts are now on the increase. Development of heterogeneous catalyst such as solid and enzymes catalysts could overcome most of the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. Therefore this study critically analyzes the effects of different catalysts used for producing biodiesel using findings available in the open literature. Also, this critical review could allow identification of research areas to explore and improve the catalysts performance commonly employed in producing biodiesel fuel.     

Advances on the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides in biodiesel

This paper describes experimental work done towards the search for more profitable and sustainable alternatives regarding biodiesel production, using heterogeneous catalysts instead of the conventional homogenous alkaline catalysts, such as NaOH, KOH or sodium methoxide, for the methanolysis reaction. This experimental work is a first stage on the development and optimization of new solid catalysts, able to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils. The heterogeneous catalytic process has many differences from the currently used in industry homogeneous process. The main advantage is that, it requires lower investment costs, since no need for separation steps of methanol/catalyst, biodiesel/catalyst and glycerine/catalyst. This work resulted in the selection of CaO and CaO modified with Li catalysts, which showed very good catalytic performances with high activity and stability. In fact FAME yields higher than 92% were observed in two consecutive reaction batches without expensive intermediate reactivation procedures. Therefore, those catalysts appear to be suitable for biodiesel production.     

固体碱催化制备生物柴油的最新研究进展

异相催化工艺是生物柴油工业化生产的发展方向。固体碱催化剂因其反应速率高、条件温和、且环保可再生等优越的性能成为生物柴油领域的研究热点。本文综述了负载型和非负载型两类催化剂在生物柴油中制备中的应用,总结了其存在的问题,展望了生物柴油未来的发展前景。     

Carbohydrate-derived Solid Acid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Low-Cost Feedstocks: A Review

Currently, most biodiesels are produced from virgin vegetable oils using a transesterification reaction. However, there are a number of other potential cheap sources for biodiesels, such as deep-frying oils/fats and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a lower-value by-product of the palm oil industry and is an economical source for biodiesel production. Due to the high cost of biodiesel production, the formulation of a new method to produce a cheaper biodiesel is imperative. Low-quality feedstocks (especially PFAD) using green and highly reusable catalysts have gained popularity due to their low production cost. High free fatty acids (HFFA) in the feedstock causes problems during the biodiesel production process, especially with the use of basic heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Recently, the effectiveness of a solid acid catalyst to catalyze biodiesel production from HFFA feedstock has caught the attention of researchers.

This comprehensive article explores the use of low-quality feedstocks and carbon-based catalysts for the conversion of a waste refinery crude palm oil product which contains a high percentage of FFA. The production and characterization of carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts are discussed, including their physico-chemical property measurements. Techniques used for the synthesis of biodiesels are also included. In addition, transesterification process variables such as the oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and temperature are investigated. The final part of the article contains the combustion, emissions, and performance of produced biodiesels. Finally, conclusions, including perspectives and future developments, are also presented. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the current state of the use of low-quality feedstocks and green heterogeneous solid acid catalysts for the use in biodiesel production.     

负载型固体酸催化制备生物柴油研究进展

负载型固体酸催化剂具有无腐蚀、分离容易、对环境不产生污染、原料适应性广等优点,已成为制备生物柴油首选的绿色催化剂。本文综述了负载型固体酸催化剂制备原理、生产工艺、研究方法及其结构表征,分析了负载型固体酸自身结构与油脂酯交换反应催化活性的关系,预测了负载型催化剂在生物柴油制造业的应用前景。     

制备生物柴油的固体催化剂研究进展

生物柴油是一种清洁、可再生能源。对催化油脂酯交换反应制备生物柴油的固体催化剂的研究进展进行综述,分析了各种固体催化剂的特性,并对催化油脂酯交换反应的固体催化剂今后研究方向进行讨论。     

镁基固体催化剂催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油研究进展

生物柴油是一种重要的可再生能源,非均相催化甘油酯酯交换反应制备生物柴油是当前的研究热点,而高活性的非均相催化剂则是非均相催化工艺的核心。镁基催化剂由于其原料来源广泛、价格低廉,受到了广泛关注。综述近年来镁基催化剂催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油的研究进展,重点介绍了镁基催化剂制备方法、组成、结构、反应条件等对催化酯交换反应活性的影响,并探讨了镁基催化剂目前存在的不足以及今后的发展方向。