以活性炭粉为造孔剂制备多孔YSZ陶瓷

采用氧化锆为基体、活性炭粉为造孔剂及氧化钇作为稳定剂来制备多孔YSZ陶瓷。通过TG-DTA分析制定出多孔YSZ陶瓷的烧结制度,研究了造孔剂的加入量和烧结温度对多孔YSZ陶瓷力学性能的影响。并利用阿基米德排水法、万能试验机、显微硬度仪、XRD及SEM对多孔YSZ陶瓷的气孔率、硬度、弯曲强度、物相组成及微观结构等进行分析。结果表明:试样主要以t-ZrO_2存在,有少许的m-ZrO_2相,说明烧结后的试样基本转化为了稳定的t相二氧化锆;SEM图观察发现,陶瓷孔洞分布均匀且大小接近,孔的数量也比较多;随着造孔剂加入量的逐渐增加,多孔陶瓷试样的气孔率逐渐增加而强度下降,同时烧结温度影响多孔陶瓷的力学性能。     

氧化铝纤维对多孔陶瓷载体性能的影响

通过添加适量的塑性剂和造孔剂,采用挤压成型的方式制成了氧化铝纤维增强多孔陶瓷.探讨了不同烧结温度和不同纤维含量对于多孔陶瓷性能的影响.随着烧结温度的提高和纤维含量的增加,样品的线收缩率不断减小,而气孔率和抗折强度先增加后减小.在900℃烧结后,纤维含量4％时,材料最大抗折强度最高并达到4.19Mpa,比基体材料提高了35％.氧化铝纤维的加入有效地解决了多孔陶瓷开裂的问题.     

以硅藻土为硅源制备硅酸钙多孔陶瓷

以硅藻土和碳酸钙为主要原料、淀粉为造孔剂、PVA为粘结剂,通过反应烧结制备了硅酸钙多孔陶瓷。研究了配比和烧结温度对样品体积收缩率、抗压强度和物相组成的影响。同时,也研究了造孔剂含量对气孔率和强度的影响。结果表明,收缩率随烧结温度的升高而增大,造孔剂含量与气孔率成正比、与抗压强度成反比。当碳酸钙含量为20 wt%,造孔剂含量为15 wt%时,在1250?C烧结可制备出气孔率为48.79%、抗压强度为12.2 MPa的多孔陶瓷。     

纤维构架空间制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷材料

为协调解决多孔氧化铝陶瓷的孔隙率与强度之间的矛盾,本文采用氧化铝纤维构架了多孔陶瓷的空间结构,研究了烧结助剂、烧结温度对材料压缩强度和气孔率的影响。结果表明,与水玻璃,莫来石作为助烧结剂不同的是,1wt.%氧化镁利用能润湿氧化铝的高温液相,可均匀的分布于氧化铝纤维表面,促进氧化铝纤维的粘结,形成空间立体框架结构。经1500℃烧结,可以得到气孔率高达77%,压缩强度为5.4 MPa的多孔氧化铝陶瓷。     

以PMMA为造孔剂的凝胶注模工艺制备多孔Al2O3陶瓷

以Al_2O_3为原料、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球为造孔剂、异丁烯/马来酸酐共聚物(Isobam104)为胶凝剂和分散剂、一水柠檬酸(CA)作为稳定剂,采用凝胶注模与造孔剂相结合的方法制备出多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷。研究了分散胶凝剂、稳定剂含量对浆料流变性能的影响,以及造孔剂添加量、不同烧结温度对多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷气孔率和抗压强度的影响。结果表明:制备的多孔Al2O3陶瓷具有均匀的多孔结构,平均孔径为4μm左右;当造孔剂含量从10%(质量分数)增至50%时,多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷的气孔率从45.53%上升至64.98%,抗压强度从31.74 MPa下降至9.83 MPa;当烧结温度从1 500℃升高至1 650℃时,多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷的气孔率从60.31%下降至47.81%,抗压强度从9.00 MPa上升至54.75 MPa。     

多孔氧化铝陶瓷的制备、表征及性能研究

以蔗糖溶液为低温介质，采用冷冻干燥法和退火工艺制备多孔Al2O3陶瓷。研究了烧结温度和退火时间对多孔陶瓷孔隙结构、开孔率和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着烧结温度的升高，试样的线性烧成收缩率有明显的升高，开孔率和维氏硬度先缓慢降低，当烧结温度为1600℃时迅速下降。平均晶粒尺寸是影响甚至决定多孔氧化铝陶瓷维氏硬度的主要原因。随着退火时间的延长，多孔陶瓷的孔径显著增大，多孔陶瓷开孔率范围为40.35%～64.58%，退火处理后的孔隙率比未退火处理提高了60.05%。多孔陶瓷的抗压强度随退火时间的延长而降低，而在最长的24h退火时间后，多孔陶瓷的抗压强度仍能达到25.9MPa，可以满足许多应用领域的强度要求。可以通过调节退火时间来控制多孔陶瓷的孔隙结构、开孔率和抗压强度。     

YSZ短纤维增强日用陶瓷固废再烧结材料的研究全文替换

中国传统陶瓷固废排放量巨大，陶瓷固废的资源化利用不但可解决固废丢弃填埋引起的生态环境危害，而且可节约大量天然矿物原料，带来重要的社会经济效益。本文以烧结日用陶瓷固废为主要原料，并引入少量氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)短纤维作为增强相，制备了高固废掺比的再生陶瓷材料。研究了纤维含量和烧成温度对制备的固废再烧结陶瓷材料的晶相组成、微观结构和力学性能等的影响，结果表明：YSZ纤维的添加量对固废材料的烧结性能影响不大，引入少量YSZ可明显提高废瓷再烧结材料的力学性能，其中，YSZ纤维添加量为15%并在1 250℃烧成时，样品的抗弯强度为113 MPa,断裂韧性可达2.63 MP·m^1/2。     

纤维增强冰模板氧化铝多孔陶瓷的微观结构与力学性能

采用定向冷冻冰模板法制备了具有定向直通孔结构的纤维增韧氧化铝多孔陶瓷以及纯颗粒氧化铝多孔陶瓷,研究了固含量和纤维引入对材料微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固含量从15%(体积分数)提高至40%,材料的微观形貌从层状孔到枝状孔再到各向同性孔变化,层间距逐渐减小直到消失;材料的强度从7 MPa提高至70 MPa;纤维的引入增大了层间距并在层状孔壁间形成桥联,从而降低了材料的密度;在低固含量时,纤维的引入改变了直通孔多孔材料的应力应变行为,形成应力平台区,使得冰模板多孔陶瓷从脆性断裂转变为渐进式断裂,材料的抗压强度和断裂能量吸收能力提高。     

一步成型制备非对称多孔YSZ中空纤维陶瓷膜

采用有机相转化与固态粒子烧结法相结合,通过一步成型制备了非对称多孔氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)中空纤维陶瓷膜。SEM微观结构分析表明,制备的YSZ中空纤维陶瓷膜为非对称多孔结构,中间为多孔海绵状结构,内外两侧为指孔结构,且内外表层平均孔径分别为0.43μm和0.18μm。YSZ中空纤维陶瓷膜抗弯强度和纯净水通量分别为210.5MPa和4.02m~3·m~(-2)·h~(-1)·bar~(-1)。     

海藻酸钠冷冻干燥制备环保型直通孔多孔氧化铝陶瓷(英文)

将海藻酸钠、氧化铝混合制成的浆料定向冷冻,使水定向结冰成孔,再对坯体进行冷冻干燥,使冰升华留下的孔隙结构得以保存,制备具有直通孔结构氧化铝多孔陶瓷。气孔率为66.7%的多孔氧化铝陶瓷具有比传统氧化铝泡沫陶瓷高10倍的渗透率。利用固相体积含量25%的浆料制备的多孔陶瓷抗压强度达到16.03 MPa。通过在原料中加入天然无毒的海藻酸钠作为黏结剂,不仅使整个工艺过程和原料都环境友好,而且使干燥后的坯体具有一定强度,可以满足搬运和机加工的要求。通过控制浆料的黏度和流动性以及分散剂加入量,获得均匀的孔隙结构。此外,还研究了固相含量、烧结温度对气孔率、压缩强度及渗透率等性能的影响。随着固相含量从30%降低到20%,样品的气孔率从61%提高了到72%,而压缩强度从16.03 MPa下降到3.42 MPa,渗透率从0.19×10–11 m2提高到4.51×10–11 m2。随着烧结温度从1 300℃提高到1 500℃,材料的气孔率从69.72%下降到67.02%,而压缩强度从4.45 MPa提高到18.66 MPa,渗透率从4.51×10–11 m2下降到4.09×10–11 m2。     

SOFC钙钛矿型阴极的性能优化及研究进展

钙钛矿结构氧化物因其优异的MIEC特性和催化性能,以及具有化学组成的选择灵活性和良好的稳定性等优点,成为最有前途和应用前景的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阴极材料.目前,S OF C的发展趋势是中低温化.但是,随着电池操作温度的降低,阴极极化损耗急剧增加,电池性能随之下降.考虑到中低温S O F C对阴极材料的要求,钙...     

SOFC氧离子导体电解质材料的研究进展及性能优化策略

典型的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)由致密电解质、多孔阴极和阳极三部分构成。其中,电解质介于阴极和阳极之间,是一种具有全固态结构的氧化物陶瓷材料。电解质是SOFC的核心部件之一,是电池工作温度和电池性能的决定性因素。目前,对于高温电解质材料的研究与应用已经相对成熟。但是,在电池高温运行条件下,会导致电极和电解质界面反应、密封困难及使用寿命变短等问题。因此,SOFC电解质的发展逐渐趋向于中温化。但随着工作温度的降低,电解质欧姆阻抗(Ro)势必增大,使得电池的电导率下降。基于此,电解质在中温下的性能提升以及优化近年来备受关注。文中综述了几种不同类型的氧离子导体电解质最新研究进展,并论述了SOFC中低温运行条件下电解质性能提升的主要优化策略。     

铋离子掺杂固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种可以将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的发电装置,具有燃料选择灵活、效率高、环境友好等优点。基于SOFC运行成本和长期稳定性的要求,降低工作温度已成为当前研究的热点。传统阴极较低的催化活性制约了SOFC的技术发展,因此开发具有良好催化性能的阴极材料至关重要。大量的研究表明,铋离子的掺杂能够有效提高材料的电导率和氧催化活性。从铋离子掺杂的角度出发,综述了铋离子掺杂对阴极材料的制备、结构、电导率和电化学性能的影响,并对掺铋SOFC阴极材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technology Status

In its most common configuration, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) uses an oxygen-ion conducting ceramic electrolyte membrane, perovskite cathode, and nickel cermet anode electrode. Cells operate in the 600–1000°C temperature range and utilize metallic or ceramic current collectors for cell-to-cell interconnection. Recent developments in engineered electrode architectures, component materials chemistry, cell and stack designs, and fabrication processes have led to significant improvements in the electrical performance and performance stability as well as reduction in the operating temperature of such cells. Large kW-size power-generation systems have been designed and field demonstrated. This paper reviews the status of SOFC power-generation systems with emphasis on cell and stack component materials, electrode reactions, materials reactions, and corrosion processes.     

Synthesis and applications of composite cathode based on Sm0.5Sr0.5Co3−δ for solid oxide fuel cell

Cobaltite based perovskites, such as Sm_0.5Sr_0.5Co_3?δ (SSC), are attractive solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes due to their high electrochemical activity and electrical conductivity. To obtain higher fuel cell performance with smaller particles, nano-sized SSC powders were synthesized by a complex method with/without carbon black, HB170. However, during synthesis, carbon black reacted with Sr, and unfortunately formed SrCO₃. To obtain pure perovskite SSC, a calcination temperature of 900 °C is needed. At 680 °C, an SOFC with SSC (calcined at 700 °C and synthesized without HB170) exhibited a higher fuel cell performance, of 0.68W·cm^?2, than that with SSCHB (calcined at 900 °C and synthesized with HB170), of 0.58W·cm^?2. Adding GDC for composite cathode is more effective in SSCHB porous cathodes than in SSC porous cathodes. At 680 °C, the composite cathode of SSCHB6-GDC4 exhibited the highest maximum power density of 0.72W·cm^?2 which results from the combined effects of lowered charge transfer polarization and mass transfer polarization. To obtain higher fuel cell performance, optimum composition and processes are necessary.     

Direct Applicability of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 – δ Thin Film Cathode to Yttria Stabilised Zirconia Electrolytes at T ≤ 650 °C

For investigating the direct applicability of highly active cobalt containing cathodes on YSZ electrolytes at a lower processing and operating temperature range (T ≤ 650 °C), we fabricated a thin film lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide (LSC) cathode on an yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ)‐based solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Its electrochemical performance (5.9 mW cm^–2 at 0.7 V, 650 °C) was significantly inferior to that (595 mW cm^–2 at 0.7 V, 650 °C) of an SOFC with a thin (t ∼ 200 nm) gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) buffer layer in between the LSC thin film cathode and the YSZ electrolyte. It implies that even though the cathode processing and cell operating temperatures were strictly controlled not to exceed 650 °C, the direct application of LSC on YSZ should be avoided. The origin of the cell performance deterioration is thoroughly studied by glancing angle X‐ray diffraction (GAXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the decomposition of the cathode and diffusion of La and Sr into YSZ were observed when LSC directly contacted YSZ.     

Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity and electrochemical performance of A-site deficient (La0.6Sr0.4)1-xFe0.8Ni0.2O3−δ cathode for solid oxide fuel cells

In this work, (La_0.6Sr_0.4)_0.9Fe_0.8Ni_0.2O_3-δ (LSFN90), a stable, highly ORR-active and cost-efficient perovskite oxide, is developed as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The introduction of A-site deficiency results in the crystal expansion of the cubic perovskite phase and an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration at operating temperature. The LSFN90 cathode displays good oxygen reduction reaction activity and low polarization resistance values. The A-site deficiency facilitates the diffusion of oxygen ions in the electrode and accelerates the surface oxygen exchange reaction. LSFN90 is used as cathode materials for SOFC to prepare anode-supported single cells, achieving maximum power densities of 1.51, 1.27, 0.95 and 0.63 W cm⁻² under wet hydrogen (3%H₂O–97%H₂) atmosphere at 850, 800, 750 and 700 °C, respectively. The introduction of A-site deficiency can greatly enhance the oxygen reduction reaction activity and electrochemical performance of the cathode, demonstrating that LSFN90 has significant potential as a cathode material for practical applications in solid oxide fuel cells.     

钙钛矿型中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料研究进展

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(IL TSOFC)的研制是固体氧化物燃料电池商业化的必然趋势,阴极材料的研制是影响其发展的关键问题之一.锈钛矿结构稀土复合氧化物材料是很有希望的中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料,文章综述了近年来ABO3型钙钛矿阴极材料的研究情况,并提出了其发展方向.     

Doped Perovskite Oxide, PrMnO3, as a New Cathode for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells that Decreases the Operating Temperature

Cathodic overpotentials of Ln_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ (Ln is La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb, and Y) were studied for a new cathode for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with low overpotentials in a relatively-low-temperature region. Cathodic overpotentials strongly depended on the rare-earth cations in the A sites of the perovskite oxide. In particular, overpotentials of a Sr-doped PrMnO₃ cathode maintained low values despite decreased operating temperature. Consequently, almost the same power density of a SOFC with Ln_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ cathode was obtained at about 100 K lower operating temperature by using Sr-doped PrMnO₃ as the cathode.     

The Chemical Evolution of the La<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>0.4</Subscript>CoO<Subscript>3−δ</Subscript> Surface Under SOFC Operating Conditions and Its Implications for Electrochemical Oxygen Exchange Activity

Owing to its extraordinary high activity for catalysing the oxygen exchange reaction, strontium doped LaCoO₃ (LSC) is one of the most promising materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes. However, under SOFC operating conditions this material suffers from performance degradation. This loss of electrochemical activity has been extensively studied in the past and an accumulation of strontium at the LSC surface has been shown to be responsible for most of the degradation effects. The present study sheds further light onto LSC surface changes also occurring under SOFC operating conditions. In-situ near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were conducted at temperatures between 400 and 790 °C. Simultaneously, electrochemical impedance measurements were performed to characterise the catalytic activity of the LSC electrode surface for O₂ reduction. This combination allowed a correlation of the loss in electro-catalytic activity with the appearance of an additional La-containing Sr-oxide species at the LSC surface. This additional Sr-oxide species preferentially covers electrochemically active Co sites at the surface, and thus very effectively decreases the oxygen exchange performance of LSC. Formation of precipitates, in contrast, was found to play a less important role for the electrochemical degradation of LSC.