具有复合电解质的低温固体氧化物燃料电池研究进展

高温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的低温化对于解决材料的稳定性、提高系统运行寿命和降低电池成本具有重要的意义,已成为近几年的研发热点。在实现SOFC低温化方面,目前国内外研究学者提出了不同的解决策略。综述了低温固体氧化物燃料电池(LT-SOFC)中复合电解质的研究进展,其包括引入碳酸盐材料作为第二相进行复合,构建类熔融碳酸盐固体氧化物燃料电池;引入过渡金属氧化物材料作为第二相进行复合,制备单组分燃料电池消除电极与电解质界面电阻提高电池性能,尤其是全氧化物复合电解质提高电池稳定性策略;引入半导体材料复合进一步提升LT-SOFC的电化学性能等几个方面。最后阐述了通过制备新型纳米复合材料进一步提升电解质离子电导率,改善界面接触问题以及探索新的电极材料对LT-SOFC电化学性能的影响。     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池中双钙钛矿型电极材料的应用

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池作为一种新型的能源转换装置,在绿色能源中得到了广泛的应用,通过对中低温固体氧化物燃烧电池的工作原理以及具体优势进行分析,探究了中低温固体氧化物燃烧电池中双钙钛矿型电极材料的具体类型,并指出了中低温固体氧化物燃烧电池的应用条件。     

锂离子电池氧化物负极材料的研究进展

锂离子二次电池是应用和开发前景最好的一种电源,改善和提高锂离子电池电化学性能的关键是选取充放电性能良好的负极材料.现在国内外商业用锂离子电池中应用的碳材料已无法满足人们对高容量的需求,于是大量的研究工作集中在寻找更高容量的新型负极材料上.介绍了氧化物负极材料的研究进展,包括:锡氧化物、其他金属氧化物、复合氧化物.重点介绍了各种氧化物材料的合成方法、电化学性能和脱嵌机理,探讨了该类材料目前存在的问题及解决的办法,对该类材料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

纳米氧化物太阳能电池研究进展

介绍了新型低成本纳米氧化物染料敏化太阳能电池的优势特点及基本原理.纳米氧化物材料在染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极和电解质中有着特殊的应用,在电池中起到了非常关键的作用.围绕电池中光阳极和电解质所用的纳米氧化物材料,结合清华大学科研实例,综述了光阳极用纳米氧化物的制备方法及性能,分析了电子传递和复合对电池性能的影响,以及纳米...     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池制备与性能

通过流延成型、丝网印刷等工艺制备了以La0.6Sr0.4Co3-δ钙钛矿材料为阴极的高性能阳极支撑型中低温固体氧化物燃料电池,研究了电池在650℃～750℃温度下的放电性能及热循环性能.测试结果表明,制备的单电池在中低温具有优异的输出性能,且一致性较好,在700℃最高功率密度为0.622 W/cm2,长时间恒流放电后没有出现衰减,但其抗热循环性能较差.     

层状氧化物正极材料晶体结构与储钠性能探究

钠离子电池因成本低和出色的低温性能，近年来被广泛关注且推到了应用市场端。层状氧化物正极材料由于具有较高的能量密度和较成熟的制备工艺而占据钠离子电池正极材料的主导地位。然而，层状氧化物残碱高，稳定性差，在长循环过程中易引发电解液氧化分解而导致电芯产气，限制了软包钠离子电池的应用。本文对比了多种单晶层状氧化物和多晶层状氧化物的特性和电化学性能，结果表明单晶结构的层状氧化物具有更加出色的循环稳定性，可以有效抑制电芯产气，为正极材料开发提供了指导。     

化学工业出版社好书推荐

固体氧化物燃料电池新型材料马文会、于洁、陈秀华著本书主要结合国内外固体氧化物燃料电池材料的研究进展,探讨钙钛矿型复合氧化物电解质材料、阴极材料和阳极材料及其组成单电池的制备工艺和性能,以期对固体氧化物燃料电池技术的研究有所推动。可供从事固体氧化物燃料电池和新材料研究与开发的科研人员、企事业单位的技术人员和管理人员阅读,也可供能源、化学、材料等相关专业教师和学生参考。     

锂离子电池铁氧化物负极材料的研究进展

铁氧化物负极材料具有较高的储锂容量和较低的电压平台,是最具潜力的下一代锂离子电池负极材料之一,而且铁氧化物负极材料具有合成方法简单、对环境友好等特点,受到研究者的关注。本文介绍了铁氧化物负极材料在锂离子电池中的应用以及最新进展情况,总结了铁氧化物材料的不同制备方法,重点分析了不同铁氧化物负极材料在电化学性能方面表现出的差异,展望了铁氧化物负极材料电化学性能的研究趋势。     

欢迎订阅《固体氧化物燃料电池新型材料》

<正>《固体氧化物燃料电池新型材料》一书由马文会、于洁、陈秀华编著。该书结合国内外固体氧化物燃料电池材料的研究进展,探讨钙钛矿型复合氧化物电解质材料、阴极材料和阳极材料及其组成单电池的制备工艺和性能,以期对固体氧化物燃料电池技术的研究有所推动。可供从事固体氧化物燃料电池和新材料研究与开发的科研人员、企事业单位的技术人员和管理人员阅读,也可供能源、化学、材料等相关专业教师和学生参考。     

热电池正极材料的研究进展

热电池是20世纪40年代以后发展起来的一种新型高温能源电池,正极材料的发展在很大程度上决定了热电池性能的提高,研究与开发新型热电池正极材料是提高热电池性能的重要内容之一.本文主要介绍热电池的氧化物正极材料和硫化物正极材料及其合成方法和表征手段,比较了几种不同热电池正极材料的特性及存在的问题.简要叙述了在该领域的研究现状,展望并提出了不断探索新型热电池正极材料的趋势.     

晶须/纤维增强3D打印氧化锆多孔陶瓷制备及性能研究

钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）是一种抗氧化性和耐久性优异的陶瓷,够承受高温,非常适合作热防护材料。采用乳液/泡沫模板法将其制成具有微米级孔的多孔结构,再以氧化铝晶须或氧化锆纤维作为增强相,然后结合直写成型这种3D打印成型技术,又可在毫米级孔尺度上获得设计的自由。由此制备的梯度多孔结构,不仅可以增大材料的比表面积,减小体积密度,更能大大提高多孔YSZ的力学性能。研究增强体的类型、加入量及烧结温度对多孔氧化锆陶瓷微观形貌结构的影响,分析其与抗压强度的相互作用关系。结果表明,氧化铝晶须和氧化锆纤维的加入,均能有效提高多孔氧化锆陶瓷孔的抗压强度,晶须的增强效果更好。氧化锆纤维加入量为4wt%的多孔氧化锆陶瓷孔隙率最高,抗压强度提升最小,为166.6MPa。在1500℃烧结温度下,当氧化锆纤维加入量为8wt%时,抗压强度最大,达到269.36MPa。     

SOFC氧离子导体电解质材料的研究进展及性能优化策略

典型的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)由致密电解质、多孔阴极和阳极三部分构成。其中,电解质介于阴极和阳极之间,是一种具有全固态结构的氧化物陶瓷材料。电解质是SOFC的核心部件之一,是电池工作温度和电池性能的决定性因素。目前,对于高温电解质材料的研究与应用已经相对成熟。但是,在电池高温运行条件下,会导致电极和电解质界面反应、密封困难及使用寿命变短等问题。因此,SOFC电解质的发展逐渐趋向于中温化。但随着工作温度的降低,电解质欧姆阻抗(Ro)势必增大,使得电池的电导率下降。基于此,电解质在中温下的性能提升以及优化近年来备受关注。文中综述了几种不同类型的氧离子导体电解质最新研究进展,并论述了SOFC中低温运行条件下电解质性能提升的主要优化策略。     

铋离子掺杂固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种可以将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的发电装置,具有燃料选择灵活、效率高、环境友好等优点。基于SOFC运行成本和长期稳定性的要求,降低工作温度已成为当前研究的热点。传统阴极较低的催化活性制约了SOFC的技术发展,因此开发具有良好催化性能的阴极材料至关重要。大量的研究表明,铋离子的掺杂能够有效提高材料的电导率和氧催化活性。从铋离子掺杂的角度出发,综述了铋离子掺杂对阴极材料的制备、结构、电导率和电化学性能的影响,并对掺铋SOFC阴极材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technology Status

In its most common configuration, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) uses an oxygen-ion conducting ceramic electrolyte membrane, perovskite cathode, and nickel cermet anode electrode. Cells operate in the 600–1000°C temperature range and utilize metallic or ceramic current collectors for cell-to-cell interconnection. Recent developments in engineered electrode architectures, component materials chemistry, cell and stack designs, and fabrication processes have led to significant improvements in the electrical performance and performance stability as well as reduction in the operating temperature of such cells. Large kW-size power-generation systems have been designed and field demonstrated. This paper reviews the status of SOFC power-generation systems with emphasis on cell and stack component materials, electrode reactions, materials reactions, and corrosion processes.     

Synthesis and applications of composite cathode based on Sm0.5Sr0.5Co3−δ for solid oxide fuel cell

Cobaltite based perovskites, such as Sm_0.5Sr_0.5Co_3?δ (SSC), are attractive solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes due to their high electrochemical activity and electrical conductivity. To obtain higher fuel cell performance with smaller particles, nano-sized SSC powders were synthesized by a complex method with/without carbon black, HB170. However, during synthesis, carbon black reacted with Sr, and unfortunately formed SrCO₃. To obtain pure perovskite SSC, a calcination temperature of 900 °C is needed. At 680 °C, an SOFC with SSC (calcined at 700 °C and synthesized without HB170) exhibited a higher fuel cell performance, of 0.68W·cm^?2, than that with SSCHB (calcined at 900 °C and synthesized with HB170), of 0.58W·cm^?2. Adding GDC for composite cathode is more effective in SSCHB porous cathodes than in SSC porous cathodes. At 680 °C, the composite cathode of SSCHB6-GDC4 exhibited the highest maximum power density of 0.72W·cm^?2 which results from the combined effects of lowered charge transfer polarization and mass transfer polarization. To obtain higher fuel cell performance, optimum composition and processes are necessary.     

Direct Applicability of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 – δ Thin Film Cathode to Yttria Stabilised Zirconia Electrolytes at T ≤ 650 °C

For investigating the direct applicability of highly active cobalt containing cathodes on YSZ electrolytes at a lower processing and operating temperature range (T ≤ 650 °C), we fabricated a thin film lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide (LSC) cathode on an yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ)‐based solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Its electrochemical performance (5.9 mW cm^–2 at 0.7 V, 650 °C) was significantly inferior to that (595 mW cm^–2 at 0.7 V, 650 °C) of an SOFC with a thin (t ∼ 200 nm) gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) buffer layer in between the LSC thin film cathode and the YSZ electrolyte. It implies that even though the cathode processing and cell operating temperatures were strictly controlled not to exceed 650 °C, the direct application of LSC on YSZ should be avoided. The origin of the cell performance deterioration is thoroughly studied by glancing angle X‐ray diffraction (GAXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the decomposition of the cathode and diffusion of La and Sr into YSZ were observed when LSC directly contacted YSZ.     

Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity and electrochemical performance of A-site deficient (La0.6Sr0.4)1-xFe0.8Ni0.2O3−δ cathode for solid oxide fuel cells

In this work, (La_0.6Sr_0.4)_0.9Fe_0.8Ni_0.2O_3-δ (LSFN90), a stable, highly ORR-active and cost-efficient perovskite oxide, is developed as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The introduction of A-site deficiency results in the crystal expansion of the cubic perovskite phase and an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration at operating temperature. The LSFN90 cathode displays good oxygen reduction reaction activity and low polarization resistance values. The A-site deficiency facilitates the diffusion of oxygen ions in the electrode and accelerates the surface oxygen exchange reaction. LSFN90 is used as cathode materials for SOFC to prepare anode-supported single cells, achieving maximum power densities of 1.51, 1.27, 0.95 and 0.63 W cm⁻² under wet hydrogen (3%H₂O–97%H₂) atmosphere at 850, 800, 750 and 700 °C, respectively. The introduction of A-site deficiency can greatly enhance the oxygen reduction reaction activity and electrochemical performance of the cathode, demonstrating that LSFN90 has significant potential as a cathode material for practical applications in solid oxide fuel cells.     

钙钛矿型中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料研究进展

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(IL TSOFC)的研制是固体氧化物燃料电池商业化的必然趋势,阴极材料的研制是影响其发展的关键问题之一.锈钛矿结构稀土复合氧化物材料是很有希望的中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料,文章综述了近年来ABO3型钙钛矿阴极材料的研究情况,并提出了其发展方向.     

Doped Perovskite Oxide, PrMnO3, as a New Cathode for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells that Decreases the Operating Temperature

Cathodic overpotentials of Ln_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ (Ln is La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb, and Y) were studied for a new cathode for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with low overpotentials in a relatively-low-temperature region. Cathodic overpotentials strongly depended on the rare-earth cations in the A sites of the perovskite oxide. In particular, overpotentials of a Sr-doped PrMnO₃ cathode maintained low values despite decreased operating temperature. Consequently, almost the same power density of a SOFC with Ln_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ cathode was obtained at about 100 K lower operating temperature by using Sr-doped PrMnO₃ as the cathode.     

The Chemical Evolution of the La<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>0.4</Subscript>CoO<Subscript>3−δ</Subscript> Surface Under SOFC Operating Conditions and Its Implications for Electrochemical Oxygen Exchange Activity

Owing to its extraordinary high activity for catalysing the oxygen exchange reaction, strontium doped LaCoO₃ (LSC) is one of the most promising materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes. However, under SOFC operating conditions this material suffers from performance degradation. This loss of electrochemical activity has been extensively studied in the past and an accumulation of strontium at the LSC surface has been shown to be responsible for most of the degradation effects. The present study sheds further light onto LSC surface changes also occurring under SOFC operating conditions. In-situ near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were conducted at temperatures between 400 and 790 °C. Simultaneously, electrochemical impedance measurements were performed to characterise the catalytic activity of the LSC electrode surface for O₂ reduction. This combination allowed a correlation of the loss in electro-catalytic activity with the appearance of an additional La-containing Sr-oxide species at the LSC surface. This additional Sr-oxide species preferentially covers electrochemically active Co sites at the surface, and thus very effectively decreases the oxygen exchange performance of LSC. Formation of precipitates, in contrast, was found to play a less important role for the electrochemical degradation of LSC.