MAP结晶法与絮凝剂联用预处理化工含磷废水

为达到后续生化处理工艺要求的水质,采用磷酸铵镁(MAP)结晶法与絮凝剂联用预处理化工高含磷废水。以实际化工含磷废水为研究对象,考察了pH值、镁盐投加量、反应温度以及絮凝剂PAFC、PAM投加量对除磷效果的影响。研究结果表明,MAP结晶法除磷的最佳工艺条件为:pH值为9.0,n(Mg2+)∶n(PO43-)为1.6∶1,反应温度为30℃;絮凝剂强化除磷的最佳工艺条件为:PAFC投加量为30 mg/L,PAM投加量为3 mg/L。此时TP、TN、NH3-N、CODCr的去除率分别为98%、74%、64%、87%,满足后续处理要求。     

复合絮凝剂PAFSC-PAM对化工制药废水的絮凝效果

采用复合絮凝剂PAFSC-PAM(聚硅酸铝铁-聚丙烯酰胺)对化工制药废水进行絮凝处理,考察了絮凝剂投加量、反应温度、pH值、快速搅拌转速对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,复合絮凝剂PAFSC-PAM(质量比为10∶1)的絮凝效果优于PAFSC,在PAFSC-PAM(质量比为10∶1)投加量为160 mg·L~(-1)、反应温度为40℃、pH值为9、快速搅拌转速为250 r·min~(-1)的最佳絮凝条件下,浊度及COD_(Cr)去除率分别可达97.9%和87.1%。     

新型污水处理复合絮凝剂的制备及应用研究

制备了聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂PAC-CTS,考察了复合反应条件PAC与CTS的质量比、反应pH和复合反应时间对复合絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响,得出最佳复合条件。探讨了其投加量、废水pH对城市生活污水絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,其最佳的复配条件是PAC∶CTS=3∶1,pH=4,反应时间为2 h。其处理废水的最佳投加量为80 mg/L,最佳pH为7。     

微波法复合絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺((CPAM)为原料,采用微波法制备了新型复合絮凝剂,并将其用于处理高岭土模拟废水.当CPMA与PAFC的质量比为1:4时,絮凝效果最优.红外光谱分析表明,通过微波作用,无机高分子絮凝剂已接枝到有机高分子絮凝剂上,形成了新型复合絮凝剂.该复合絮凝剂pH适应性宽,投加量少,成本低.当模拟废水pH值为6～9、投加量为1.8mg/L时,去浊率可达到98.5%以上.     

无机与有机复合絮凝剂PAFC-CTS的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

制备了聚合氯化铝铁-壳聚糖(PAFC-CTS)无机与有机复合絮凝剂,考察了复合反应条件PAFC与CTS的质量配比、PAFc的碱化度(B)、反应液的pH、复合反应时间四因素,安排正交L9(34)试验设计,通过对模拟废水、城市生活污水絮凝试验,得出最佳的合成、应用条件.结果表明,PAFC-CTS在除浊、除色、COD去除率方面都具有较好的性能.     

用于市政废水除磷的聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂研究

以价廉的铝酸钙粉为原料，研制了一种用于市政废水除磷的高效低耗的聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）无机高分子复合絮凝剂．研究内容包括：PAFC的制备方法研究，PAFC用量对模拟废水和实际废水除磷、除浊效果的影响，废水经PAFC处理后pH值的变化情况，废水酸度对除磷效果的影响，PAFC与常见商品絮凝剂除磷性能的比较研究。试验结果表明：自制的铝铁复合絮凝剂的除磷效果好于传统的铁盐和商品铝铁盐；除浊效果也较好，除浊率可达到95％以上；废水处理后pH值也较稳定。PAFC用于市政废水有较优异的除磷、除浊性能。     

超声波-复合絮凝剂对石化厂剩余污泥脱水的研究

以污泥含水率为考察指标,研究了超声波-复合絮凝剂对石化厂剩余污泥脱水效果的影响.实验结果表明,复合絮凝剂的脱水效果优于单一絮凝剂;污泥采用复合絮凝剂PAM-PAFC进行絮凝脱水,在投加质量浓度190 mg/L、m(PAM)∶m(PAFC)=1∶1条件下,再经20 kHz、400 W/m2超声处理2.5 min后,污泥含水率从97%降至79%,污泥体积缩小86%左右,比仅投加PAM处理时污泥含水率降低5%左右.可见,超声波-复合絮凝剂可以强化污泥脱水,在提高污泥脱水效果的同时,减少了有机絮凝剂PAM的用量,降低了污泥处理成本.     

壳聚糖/聚合硫酸铁复合絮凝剂对曙红染料的脱色研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)合成新型复合絮凝剂CTS/PFS,考察CTS/PFS质量比、反应温度、pH值和絮凝时间对曙红染料的脱色效果。结果表明,最佳处理工艺条件为:CTS/PFS质量比1∶8,絮凝时间1.50 h,pH值1.0,反应温度70℃,曙红染料溶液的脱色率可达97.20%。复合絮凝剂对曙红染料的吸附遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

壳聚糖/聚合硫酸铁复合絮凝剂对曙红染料的脱色研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)合成新型复合絮凝剂CTS/PFS,考察CTS/PFS质量比、反应温度、pH值和絮凝时间对曙红染料的脱色效果。结果表明,最佳处理工艺条件为:CTS/PFS质量比1∶8,絮凝时间1.50 h,pH值1.0,反应温度70℃,曙红染料溶液的脱色率可达97.20%。复合絮凝剂对曙红染料的吸附遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

稀土-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂印染废水处理应用研究

利用稀土-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂处理印染废水。探讨了复合絮凝剂处理印染废水的处理工艺及最佳处理条件,研究了复合絮凝剂使用时稀土和壳聚糖的浓度、pH值及温度对印染废水处理的去浊率、COD去除率、脱色率的影响。采用正交实验结合单因素实验的方法进行实验,结果表明:复合絮凝剂处理印染废水的最佳条件:稀土-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂浓度为1.5 g/L,反应pH=9,温度为35～45℃。     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003