枸杞水提物在膏霜化妆品中的应用研究

采用清除羟自由基法检测了枸杞等植物活性成分的抗氧化能力。结果显示,枸杞水提物具有很好的清除羟自由基的效果,枸杞水提物溶液在质量分数为6%时,对羟自由基的清除率达到78.77%。将枸杞水提物溶液添加到膏霜化妆品配方中,评价枸杞水提物在化妆品中的应用效果。结果表明,含枸杞水提物的护肤霜具有保湿、美白、增强皮肤弹性的作用,且对皮肤安全、无刺激性。     

复合分子筛在烃类异构化反应中的应用研究进展

近年来研究者发现复合分子筛具有孔结构丰富、水热稳定性良好、表面性质可调控等优点,在烃类异构化反应中表现出比单一分子筛更高的反应活性和更好的异构体选择性。本文综述了丝光沸石分子筛（MOR）、Y型分子筛、β分子筛、ZSM系列分子筛、SAPO系列分子筛等两两复合的微孔-微孔复合分子筛和微孔分子筛与MCM-41分子筛、SBA-15分子筛等介孔分子筛复合的微孔-介孔复合分子筛在烷烃异构化、烯烃异构化等反应中的应用研究进展,并对用于烃类异构化复合分子筛的研究与发展方向进行了展望,指出复合分子筛用于真实石油馏分的异构化研究仍需更深入、系统地展开;采用绿色高效的合成方法合成复合分子筛以及探究通过复合分子筛的结构设计和酸性调控,如何进一步提高复合分子筛在烃类异构化反应中的活性和选择性是未来研究的重点。     

护肤品用天然植物复合防腐剂研究

防腐剂是化妆品的重要组成部分,是防止化妆品在保存或使用过程中因发生微生物污染而导致产品变质的主要手段。传统的防腐剂主要来源于化学合成,尽管化学防腐剂的防腐效果较稳定,但越来越多的研究表明部分化学防腐剂在达到一定剂量时可能引起诸如皮肤刺激、过敏或炎症等负面作用,为提高化妆品的温和性和安全性,近年来对于天然植物来源防腐剂的探索及其在化妆品中的应用研究成为了行业热点。本研究以长穗地榆、天山堇菜和木芙蓉叶为研究对象,对复配原料进行提取工艺条件优化,采用超声辅助醇提法制备其有效抑菌活性成分复合黄酮,并测定其抑菌功效。结果表明,植物复合黄酮提取物具有优良的抑菌活性,具有良好的化妆品防腐应用和市场前景。     

中水深度处理后续反渗透系统的化学清洗

通过分析反渗透装置运行参数的变化、保安过滤器的污堵情况以及SDI微孔滤膜的截留物分析结果,判断反渗透膜主要受微生物和有机物污染,同时可能有无机盐垢形成复合污染,并据此确定了杀菌+碱洗+酸洗的清洗工艺。反渗透经化学清洗后进水压力大幅降低,系统出力显著提高,取得了令人满意的清洗效果。     

金属矿物离子的皮肤生物学效应及其在化妆品领域的应用

皮肤组织中富含金属矿物离子。由于组织的复杂性，金属矿物离子分别以游离态和结合态两种方式存在于皮肤中，并参与到屏障稳态维持、伤口愈合、氧化还原平衡等多种生物过程中。鉴于其多靶点、多通路的独特作用效果，金属矿物离子被广泛应用于皮肤护理中，可以带来皮肤修护、舒缓、抗皱、紧致、美白等诸多作用效果。文章综述了钙、镁、钾、锌、铜、锶等金属矿物离子对皮肤的生物学作用及其在化妆品中的应用。分别介绍了皮肤中的常见金属矿物离子及其浓度与分布、常见离子的皮肤学作用效果及其作用机理、化妆品原料中所涉及到的金属矿物离子成分、以及目前金属矿物离子成分在护肤产品应用中的局限与挑战，为未来的配方功效设计和功能活性物质的复配提供思路。     

新型微孔薄膜复合过滤介质的过滤性能研究

对新型微孔薄膜复合过滤介质的过滤性能进行了系统研究,并与传统机织滤布的相关性能进行了对比。研究结果表明：新型微孔薄膜复合过滤介质具有极高的固体截留率、良好的抗堵塞性能和较长的使用寿命;在试验所考查的范围内,过滤介质的过滤速度稳定,基本不受过滤时间的影响;滤液浊度较低,基本不超过50mg／L;新型微孔薄膜复合过滤介质卸饼率高;气压过滤时的气耗量仅是普通机织滤布的0．056～0．11倍。     

超细复合微粒及其在化妆品中的应用

超细和复合技术在许多领域都有较广泛的研究和应用 ,但将两种技术手段同时用于改善和提高物质或材料功效的尚不多见。本文主要论述了超细复合微粒对改善化妆品功效的作用 ,并对TiO2 复合微粒的性能及其在化妆品中的应用作了重点介绍。在对超细复合微粒在化妆品中应用前景的论述中 ,提出和介绍了诸如多孔微球复合、珍珠粉复合、蚕丝粉复合和中药材复合等新概念。这些新方法对改善化妆品功效、提高化妆品档次有很大的作用。     

化妆品中的超微载体

综述了应用于化妆品生产中,赋予化妆品优异性能的各种超微载体技术;主要介绍了微乳液、微胶囊、脂质体、纳能托、传递体、葡糖微球、球型液晶等7种超微载体的组成、结构、性能及其在化妆品中的应用;讨论了各种超微载体对化妆品中活性物的装载、保存和运输作用;提出了一些超微载体目前存在的问题、发展方向和应用前景等。     

稳定的活性物载体--葡糖微球

系统介绍了法国蔻波公司研制开发的一种新型释放体系－葡糖微球。葡糖微球具有独物的仿生结构－围绕一个固态内核排列的超分子，分别通过离子链和疏水作用来包裹和保护亲油性和亲水性的化妆品洗性成分。经测试具有优异的防止如维生素或酶等易变分子的降解，保持被包裹物活性的功效。因其独特的释放体系，很小的粒径被成功地应用于表皮上层活性成分的保持和传输。     

微孔滤膜法测定工业碳酸钠中水不溶物含量方法的探讨

测定工业碳酸钠中水不溶物含量的仲裁法——酸洗石棉法存在着坩埚难铺制,耗时长,实验易失败等缺陷;而采用微孔滤膜法测定其水不溶物含量,优点是滤膜孔径小,均匀,截留能力强,易恒重,操作简单。本文将两种方法的测定结果进行了比较讨论。     

全新的化妆品活性成份的稳定超微载体Nanotope~(TM)——纳能托~[注]及其与普通脂质体的性能比较

介绍了一种全新的平均粒径为２５ｎｍ左右的化妆品活性物的超微载体系统ＮａｎｏｔｏｐｅＴＭ（纳能托［注］）。它对皮肤具有高覆盖率和强渗透性。它比普通脂质体更耐表面活性剂,并具有良好的ｐＨ值和离子强度的适应性,是一种比脂质体、纳球、纳颗粒以及纳乳液都稳定且粒径分布均匀的纳胶体。运用动态光散射法及浊度法研究了ＮａｎｏｔｏｐｅＴＭ（纳能托［注］）及脂质体在一系列不同表面活性剂中的稳定性及其粒径分布。讨论了该超微载体系统的应用前景。     

包埋固定化技术去除水体中氨氮的研究进展

在氮污染日益严重化的今天,脱氮已成为当今水处理中亟待解决的问题。传统生物脱氮技术中存在许多问题,固定化微生物技术能够弥补传统方法中的不足之处,实现高效脱氮。固定化技术中的包埋法是应用最广泛的一种方法。主要介绍了包埋载体的选择情况以及包埋法固定化脱氮技术在国内外的研究进展情况,并针对将该技术实用化提出了现阶段需要解决的问题。     

多元醇稀释法制备环糊精包裹白藜芦醇的工艺研究

传统的环糊精包裹活性物的制备工艺都是以有机溶剂作为溶解活性物的载体。本研究使用化妆品中常用的多元醇代替有机溶剂,首次采用多元醇稀释法操作工艺。以白藜芦醇为活性物代表,用多元醇溶解,稳定高效地将活性物包埋于羟丙基-β-环糊精中,很好避免了有机溶剂残留的问题,并进行稳定性测试,采用光学电子显微镜观察析出物结构。采用高效液相色谱对多元醇稀释法环糊精包裹白藜芦醇水溶液中的白藜芦醇含量检测。采用红外光谱法、紫外光谱法和透射电子显微镜对其进行表征。本研究创新的多元醇稀释法工艺与传统工艺在包裹率、稳定性、溶解度等保持一致,并能成功应用于化妆品开发。     

非水相体系中海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊粒径及强度性能

固定化技术是提高生物催化剂在非水相中活性和稳定性的一种很有工业应用潜力的手段。采用乳化-内部凝胶化与络合反应制备海藻酸钠-壳聚糖(AC)微胶囊作为固定化载体,筛选5种有机溶剂构建了培养基-有机溶剂两相体系,模拟酵母细胞培养条件,将AC微胶囊在培养基-有机溶剂两相体系中振荡48 h,5种两相体系对AC微胶囊形态没有明显影响;在培养基-癸二酸二丁酯两相体系中,当壳聚糖分子量在40000～100000、成膜反应时间在2～5 min范围内变化时,分子量小(40000)和成膜时间长(5 min)的AC微胶囊粒径稳定,破碎率较低、机械强度较大,适于用作进一步非水相细胞催化的固定化载体。两相体系中AC微囊化酵母细胞活性保持良好,能实现生物转化生产。     

化妆品配方用新型表面活性剂（续完）

<正>3.1.1.1槐糖脂槐糖脂通过不致病的酵母菌株例如假丝酵母(Candida sp,特别是Candida bombicola)生产,尽管某些菌株如Wickerhamiella domercqiae、Pichia anomala、Rhodotorula bogoriensis也可用于生产,但C.bombicola是迄今唯一用于其商业生产的菌株~([38])。槐糖脂的结构如下。     

Comparative studies on physico-chemical characterization of yeast cells entrapped with alginate and hybrid beads

Natural polymers used as carrier materials in immobilization technology have the advantage of being non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable. In the present investigation, immobilization of yeast cells using different polymers has been carried out and the properties such as morphological, hardening, thermal stability and characterization of functional groups of alginate and hybrid beads (alginate–carrageenan and alginate–xanthan gum) have been studied by different techniques such as scanning electron microscope, texture analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. The swelling behavior in terms of pH variation as well as flow properties of alginate and hybrid beads has also been examined. The hybrid beads prepared from alginate and carrageenan were found to be the best in terms of strength, cell holding capacity, pH and thermal stability. The reusability of beads was also studied in terms of enzyme activity of the entrapped yeast cells. The beads prepared by alginate–carrageenan were found to be more stable than alginate and alginate–xanthan beads. The yeast cells entrapped in alginate–carrageenan beads showed no significant decrease in enzyme activity up to seven batches. Thus, alginate–carrageenan beads can be used as a polymeric carrier/support to develop a stable and long-term immobilized cell system, which indicates its high potential for commercial applications in food and pharmaceutical sector.     

Studies of the entrapment of non-wetting fluid within nanoporous media using a synergistic combination of MRI and micro-computed X-ray tomography

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CXT) have been combined to study the entrapment of mercury within nanoporous silica materials following porosimetry. MR images have been used to construct structural models of particular porous media within which several simulations of mercury intrusion and retraction have been performed with variations in the mechanism for the ‘snap-off’ of the mercury menisci. The simulations gave rise to different predictions for the pattern of the macroscopic spatial distribution of entrapped mercury, depending on ‘snap-off’ mechanism, which were then compared with corresponding experimental data obtained from micro-CXT images of real pellets containing entrapped mercury. The information obtained from the micro-CXT images, and also from the porosimetry curves themselves, was then used to constrain a model for the microscopic mercury retraction mechanism. Additional predictions of the retraction model were then subsequently confirmed using scanning loop experiments. The simulations showed that the overall level of entrapment of mercury was determined by the close interaction between the pellet macroscopic structure (particularly pore size spatial correlation), and the microscopic mercury retraction mechanism. Hence, it was subsequently possible to explain fully why high mercury entrapment occurred within one particular type of sol-gel silica material, while only low entrapment occurred in another batch of superficially similar material.     

Highly stereoselective epoxidation of (−)-α-pinene over chiral transition metal (salen) complexes occluded in zeolitic hosts

Various transition metal complexes of seven different salen ligands have been incorporated in specially modified zeolitic host materials. The thus immobilized sterically demanding complexes have been tested in the diastereoselective epoxidation of (–)--pinene in the liquid phase in an autoclave at room temperature and elevated pressure using O₂ as oxidant. In most cases conversions of 100% could be achieved. Best results so far – 100% conversion, 96% epoxide chemoselectivity and 91% diastereomeric excess – have been obtained in the presence of the entrapped [(R,R)-(N,N)-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamino]cobalt(II) = Co(salen-5) complex. Computer simulations were done in order to prove that the reaction can take place inside the pore system, i.e., (–)--pinene is able to diffuse through the microporous entrances of the carrier material.     

复合肥防结块的新方法

通过对复合肥结块机理及影响因素的分析,提出复合肥防结块新方法.在实验室对该方法提供的组分,即晶形调整剂、氢键或分子间作用力诱导剂、微孔堵塞剂、渗透剂进行了验证,控制其一定的比例及加入量可以消除复合肥结块问题.这对保证复合肥产品质量有重要意义.     

Polymernetzwerke zum Einschluß von Mikroorganismen

Different network formation processes, applicable to obtain biocatalytic systems by entrapment of whole microbial cells are described. Properly chosen suspension techniques can be used to prepare copolymer beads from water soluble or water insoluble monovinyl divinylmonomer systems. Inclusion of small NaCI crystallites during the curing process leads to epoxy resins which possess a macroporous as well as a highly microporous structure. Crosslinking of natural, seminatural and synthetic polyelectrolytes with multivalent cations (?ionotropic gels”?) proves to be a very gentle entrapment procedure. Networks of nonspecific bonding character are obtained by precipitation of linear water insoluble or poorly water-soluble polymers.