导电聚合物在化学修饰电极中的应用

介绍了聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚苯胺等导电聚合物在化学修饰电极中的研究与应用情况。导电聚合物的制备条件,包括聚合方法、溶剂性质、支持电解质、温度、掺杂情况等影响聚合物修饰膜的导电性。通过单体的衍生改性、与其它单体共聚、掺杂、或与其它聚合物、纳米粒子等的复合等方法,改进导电聚合物修饰电极的性能,使其具有更好的催化或电学、光学性质。     

中国专利

<正>导电聚合物修饰的碳载氢氧化钴复合催化剂的制备方法本发明涉及燃料电池领域,旨在提供一种用于直接燃料电池正负极涂覆的导电聚合物修饰的碳载氢氧化钴复合催化剂的制备方法。该方法包括取导电聚合物修饰的碳载体与去离子水配成悬浊液,再加入钻盐溶液搅拌回流加热:缓慢加入浓度为0.5 mol/L的碱性硼氢化钠溶液作为还原剂,剧烈搅拌后自然冷却:用去离子水洗涤过滤,真空干燥后制得导电聚合物修饰的碳载氢氧化钴复合催化剂。本发明采用湿化学法合成复合催化剂,合成工艺简便;合成的复合催化剂是非铂催化剂,成本低廉,有利于燃料电池技术的普及:通过导电聚合物可以提高电极电导率,降低电极阻抗,提高电极活性,提高电池的输出性能。     

氢钼青铜修饰铂电极对甲醇氧化的电催化作用

利用循环伏安法研究了氢钼青铜在铂电极上的修饰作用和修饰铂电极在c(H2 SO4 ) =0 5mol/L溶液中对甲醇的催化作用。研究结果表明 :铂电极因钼酸盐的还原和钼青铜的氧化而得到修饰 ,低电位范围内修饰铂电极对甲醇的氧化有催化作用 ,催化氧化电流是未修饰电极上的1 6倍。酸性条件下 ,含高价态钼的钼青铜不稳定 ,会不断溶解对铂失去修饰作用 ,对甲醇的氧化效果与未修饰铂电极上的效果相同 ;而低电位时 ,钼青铜修饰铂电极则相对稳定     

聚1,5-萘二胺膜修饰电极电化学传感器的研究进展

聚萘二胺作为导电聚合物的一种,其性能在某些方面要优于传统的导电聚合物,有望成为一种新型的具有广阔应用前景的功能材料.本文综述了循环伏安法制备聚1,5-萘二胺的电化学行为以及电化学过程中可能产生的聚合物结构.阐述了聚1,5-萘二胺膜修饰电极的化学和生物探测应用.对聚1,5-萘二胺在传感器的应用和发展等方面进行了展望.     

氢钼青铜修饰铂电极对甲醇催化剂的电催化作用

利用循环伏安法研究了氢钼青铜在铂电极上的修饰作用和修饰铂电极在c(H2SO4)=0.5mol/L，溶液中对甲醇的催化作用，研究结果表明：铂电极因钼酸盐的还原和钼青铜的氧化而得到修饰，低电位范围内修饰钱电极对甲醇的氧化有催化作用，催化氧化电流是未修饰电极上的1．6倍，酸性条件下，含高价态钼的钼青铜不稳定，会不断溶解对铂失去修饰作用，对甲醇姝氧化效果与未修饰铂电极上的效果相同，而低电位时，钼青铜修饰电极则相对稳定。     

关于碳纳米管复合电极构建的研究

本文主要综述了利用因具良好物化特性而有广泛应用前景的新材料-碳纳米管修饰神经电极,总结了利用碳纳米管以及碳纳米管导电聚合物复合材料修饰电极的不同方法,以此为基础进行研究,可为神经电极的功能性修复带来光明前景。     

导电聚合物薄膜

正提出了一种导电聚合物薄膜。导电聚合物膜包括聚合物基材、在聚合物基材内随机取向的多个导电纳米颗粒以及与多个导电纳米颗粒电互连的一对电极。电极被配置为连接到电源。聚合物基材可以是例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸     

无机纳米多孔二氧化钛纤维膜气体传感器及其制备方法

本发明提供了一种无机纳米多孔二氧化钛纤维膜气体传感器及其制备方法。所述的传感器包括陶瓷基体、陶瓷基体表面形成的叉指铂电极、引线和电路,其特征在于,所述叉指铂电极上沉积有无机纳米多孔二氧化钛纤维膜。所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在叉指铂电极上沉积有无机纳米多孔二氧化钛纤维膜的具体步骤为：将疏水性聚合物溶解于溶剂中,添加二氧化钛纳米颗粒或可溶性钛盐,搅拌形成均一溶液;进行静电纺丝,将纺成的纤维直接沉积到叉指铂电极上;     

用磷钼酸修饰甲醇燃料电池的铂电极

近年来以杂多化合物为基础的催化体系受到广泛的关注.为了研究杂多酸与铂电极对甲醇电催化氧化的协同效应,通过循环伏安扫描法制备了磷钼酸（H3PMo12O40）修饰铂电极.通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究了该修饰电极对甲醇氧化的电催化活性和抗中间产物的毒化作用,并比较了该修饰电极与其单酸盐（Na2MoO4）修饰铂电极的性能,测试结果表明：磷钼酸修饰铂电极能够提高对甲醇氧化反应的催化活性,基本上同其单酸盐Na2MoO4修饰铂电极的催化活性相当,并且这种促进作用主要是由Mo原子价态变化引起的.同时计时电流曲线测试结果表明,该修饰电极具有一定的抗毒化作用,但不如钼酸钠好.     

电极改性强化微生物燃料电池产电同步降解有机污染物研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种利用微生物作为催化剂就能实现同步产电及降解有机污染物的绿色能源装置.电极作为MFC的重要组成部分,在提高污染物降解及产电能力方面发挥着至关重要的作用.介绍了MFC电极,主要包括碳基/合成材料修饰电极、导电聚合物/复合物修饰电极、金属/金属氧化物修饰电极及其他材料修饰电极及其最新研究进展,对MFC电极材料在废水处理领域的应用进行了展望.     

Amperometric glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase in electropolymerized o-aminophenol film at Prussian blue-modified platinum electrode

An amperometric glucose biosensor is developed, based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (GO_X) in an electrochemically polymerized, non-conducting poly(o-aminophenol) (POAP) film at Prussian blue (PB)-modified platinum (Pt) microelectrode. Effects of polymerization cycle number for POAP and PB, applied potential used in the determination, pH value of the detection solution and electroactive compounds on the amperometric response of the sensor were investigated and discussed. The electroactive property and rough surface of PB film result in the improvement of the detection limit and the increase of the maximum response current and sensitivity. The biosensor based on Pt/PB/POAP/GO_X electrode has two times lower detection limit, five times larger maximum current and nine times higher sensitivity than those of the biosensor based on Pt/POAP/GO_X electrode. Additionally, the biosensor shows fast response time, large response current, and good anti-interferent ability for l-ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen. Excellent reproducibility and stability of biosensor are also observed.     

铂微粒修饰聚苯胺膜电极对甲酸电催化氧化的研究

采用循环伏安法研究Pt盘电极 (Pt)、铂微粒修饰Pt盘电极 [Pt(Pt) ]和Pt微粒修饰聚苯胺膜电极 [PAN(Pt) ]对甲酸电催化氧化行为的影响 ,比较了它们对甲酸电催化氧化的活性 ,发现PAN(Pt)电极对甲酸电催化氧化的表观电流密度为 3 79× 10 2 mA·cm-2 ,分别比Pt、Pt(Pt)和Pt-PDMA/Pt电极约高 2 35、2 5和 6 3倍。峰电位比Pt PDMA/Pt电极约低 0 16V。     

Influence of ionic surfactant on physio-electrochemical properties and fractal dimension of poly ortho aminophenol film

We describe in detail the advantages of a novel method of electrochemical preparation of poly ortho aminophenol (POAP), based on the ability of anionic surfactants to form micelles in aqueous media. We demonstrate that the electropolymerisation process carried out in the presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) at an oxidation potential lower than in an aqueous media yields better organized POAP films. The improved physicochemical and structural properties of POAP obtained in these conditions can be related to the electrocatalytic effect of SDS and change fractal dimension of film. With respect to Ni–POAP/G, Ni–SDS–POAP/G electrode shows a higher catalytic performance for the electrocatalytic oxidation of saccharose.     

Spectroelectrochemistry of two-layered composites of polyaniline and poly(o-aminophenol)

Electropolymerization of aniline on poly(o-aminophenol)(POAP)-coated gold and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrodes yields polyaniline(PANI)/POAP two-layer composite films, exhibiting reversible redox functions in aqueous acidic solution. The PANI deposition on the POAP-coated electrodes was monitored by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. CV results show that PANI/POAP composite films exhibit better stability as compared to PANI films during potential cycling in aqueous acidic solutions. Characteristic UV-vis and Raman features of the composite films have been identified and their dependencies on the electrode potential are discussed. They were significantly different from the corresponding spectral characteristics of PANI and POAP films alone.     

Pt/laponite clay-modified gold electrode for direct methanol fuel cells

This work employs a novel technique in which laponite clay-modified gold electrodes are used as the anode for direct methanol fuel cells. The platinum/laponite clay (Pt/Clay) films on indium tin oxide electrode were characterized by using scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Various contents of laponite clay (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0?wt%) with constant platinum (Pt) catalyst content on modified gold electrodes were studied as an anode catalyst for methanol oxidation. The catalyst poisoning was observed as a function of time. The 1.0?wt% Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode shows the highest activity for methanol oxidation, 27.73?% higher than Pt only modified gold electrode at 2.5?min. The peak current of 1?% Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode is 3.50?% higher than the peak current of Pt only modified gold electrode at 57.5?min. The higher content of Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode shows strong resistance to catalyst poisoning. The Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode is a new and promising electrode for a direct methanol fuel cell and can replace existing commercial catalysts.     

The electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid on polyaniline film synthesized in the presence of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid

Polyaniline-β-naphthalenesulfonic acid composite film on platinum electrode surface has been synthesized via the electrochemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid (NSA). FT-IR, UV-vis and electrochemical characterization indicate the formation of the doped polyaniline. Further investigations found that the polyaniline (PAN) doped with NSA extended the electroactivity of PAN in neutral and even in alkaline media. The PAN-NSA composite film coated platinum electrodes are shown to be good electrocatalytic surfaces for the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0. The anode peak potential of AA shifts from 0.62 V at bare platinum electrode to 0.34 V at the PAN-NSA composite modified platinum electrode with greatly enhanced current response. A linear calibration graph is obtained over the AA concentration range of 5-60 mM using cyclic voltammetry. The kinetics of the catalytic reaction is investigated using rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results are explained using the theory of electrocatalytic reactions at chemically modified electrodes. The PAN-NSA composite film on the electrode surface shows good reproducibility and stability.     

亚甲蓝的电化学聚合及其聚合膜特性

研究了亚甲蓝在平面薄膜型铂盘电极的电化学聚合及聚亚甲蓝膜的电化学特性。结果表明 ,亚甲蓝在偏碱性溶液中能较好地电聚合成膜 ;聚亚甲蓝膜具有较强的化学稳定性和快速电子传递能力。聚亚甲蓝修饰膜电极在较低氧化电位下对 NADH有较明显的电催化氧化     

The electrocatalytic influence of Pb and Tl adsorbates on the reduction of nitrobenzene and m-dinitrobenzene on platinum

The reduction of nitrobenzene and m-dinitrobenzene on platinum surfaces modified by Pb and Tl monolayers deposited at underpotentials was studied in aqueous acid solutions. It was found that Pb and Tl adsorbates markedly catalyze the reduction of the above substances. The enhancement of the overall reduction processed has been interpreted in terms of the change of the nitrogroup reduction mechanism from chemical mechanism on bare platinum to electron mechanism on Pt surfaces covered by Pb and Tl monolayers. The reaction paths of the reduction of nitrocompounds both on bare platinum and Pt surfaces modified by Pb and Tl adsorbates have been discussed on the basis of the diagnostic plots, which are known from the theory of the rotating disc-ring electrode.