加热炉空气预热器腐蚀、结垢原因及处理方法

分析了炼油系统加氢裂化装置生产过程中加热炉空气预热器管束外壁结垢与腐蚀原因。采用化学清洗方法，对管束外壁结垢及腐蚀产物进行清洗，提高了设备的换热效果，避免了金属表面的腐蚀，延长了预热管束的使用寿命。     

加氢分离器的化学清洗

对炼油厂加氢裂化装置生产过程中的分离器内壁结垢及腐蚀原因进行了分析.采用水基清洗剂对分离器内壁的焦垢、油积碳垢等进行了的化学清洗,避免了金属表面的腐蚀及压缩机进、排气阀堵死,延长了压缩机的使用寿命.     

冷换设备管束的腐蚀与防护

对炼油厂冷换设备管束的腐蚀、结垢原因进行分析。针对性的采用TH系列涂料、Ni—P镀、渗铝技术对碳钢管束进行防腐；对管束进行高压水清洗、化学清洗，取得了良好的效果和经济效益。     

化学清洗在某炼油厂水浸式冷却器上应用

阐述了某炼油厂水浸式冷却器管束金属表面的腐蚀与结垢情况,通过采用化学清洗的方法对管束外壁锈垢进行清洗,收到了较好的效果.     

天然气净化装置空气冷却器化学清洗方法探讨

天然气净化装置在运行过程中，出现水解反应器出口的空气冷却器出口物料温度高于工艺控制温度的情况，影响了H2S及CO2的吸收，进而影响了产品天然气的质量。引起空气冷却器换热效率下降的主要原因是冷却器管束内壁结垢，对垢样进行分析，制定了化学清洗方案并进行优化，取得了较好的效果，保证了装置长周期稳定运行。     

某钢厂蒸发式空冷器的清洗

某钢厂空冷器结垢严重,管束外壁被垢物完全包裹,导致空冷器丧失冷却效果。用氨基磺酸对空冷器进行清洗,清洗后空冷器管束表面光洁,恢复冷却能力,未发现垢下腐蚀。每台空冷器清洗费用6万余元,企业完全可以负担。     

海水淡化产量降低原因分析及提产实践

针对某钢铁公司低温多效蒸馏海水淡化(MED)装置满负荷运行近8年,换热管束出现腐蚀及结垢的现象,装置换热效率降低,产量逐年递减的情况,分析了蒸发器内腐蚀及结垢原因,并实施了化学清洗、换管等整体维护提产方案。实施后,单套MED产量由460 m3/h提升至500 m3/h,能耗下降6.7%,实现提产创收1 504万元/年,显著效果。     

列管式石墨换热器管束的失效分析

针对贵州某化工厂用于磷酸浓缩的列管式石墨换热器因结垢堵塞及点腐蚀而导致的石墨管束失效现象和问题,对垢层及石墨管束等开展了宏观检查以及扫描电镜观察、化学成分分析、X射线衍射分析、热重分析和开孔气孔率测试等,以期掌握其失效机理并能有效控制。研究表明,垢层主要成分为碳酸钙、氟化钙和二氧化硅,结垢堵塞是由于磷酸中的杂质碳酸钙、二氧化硅和金属氧化物(氧化镁和三氧化二铁)含量偏高,且未及时定期对石墨管束进行除垢清理造成的;点蚀坑主要是由于垢下腐蚀引起的,垢层的疏松程度不同,点蚀坑的大小、数量和分布有所差异。垢层越疏松,磷酸越容易渗透,到达管内壁形成局部腐蚀,随着腐蚀时间的延长,管内壁出现点蚀坑现象。     

换热器管束结垢和腐蚀的原因及讨论分析

乙烯裂解装置中可通过工艺运行状况的异常现象及时发现设备存在的相关问题。详细探讨了引起乙烯装置急冷区关键设备稀释蒸汽发生器管束结垢和腐蚀各个方面的原因及相应的讨论分析，提出了今后在设计制造、日常操作及生产管理中如何采取相应措施减缓设备结垢和腐蚀的发生，以保证此设备的长周期运行。     

炼油厂酮回收塔的化学清洗

介绍了大庆石化公司炼油厂酮苯脱蜡装置的酮回收塔结垢与腐蚀情况,对结垢与腐蚀原因进了分析.采用化学清洗的方法,对塔内的锈垢进行了清洗,收到了很好的效果.     

聚酯生产中循环水系统的处理及改造

介绍循环水系统结垢腐蚀后的处理和改造。对个别腐蚀结垢比较严重的列管式冷凝器进行单台酸洗钝化。对整个循环水系统进行不停车清洗和预膜 ;循环冷却水改用井水 ,循环回水管道上增设旁滤器 ,监测PO43 - 值 ,小于 9mg/L时加缓蚀剂 ,定期投加杀菌灭藻剂等 ,较好地控制系统中的管道及所有换热设备的结垢腐蚀状况。     

乙烯高温换热器泄漏原因分析及对策

介绍了乙烯装置高温循环水换热器泄漏的基本状况,并就系统泄漏的原因从水侧和工艺侧状况进行了分析。通过采取有效的应对措施,控制了高温换热器的腐蚀、结垢加剧的趋势,找到了较好的高温循环水换热器的腐蚀、结垢控制手段。     

Development and characterization of silicone/phosphorus modified epoxy materials and their application as anticorrosion and antifouling coatings

Epoxy resin is chosen for our present study owing to its exceptional combination of properties such as easy processing, high safety, excellent solvent and chemical resistance, toughness, low shrinkage on cure, good electrical, mechanical and corrosion resistance with excellent adhesion to many substrates. This versatility in formulation made epoxy resins widely applied for surface coatings, adhesives, laminates, composites, potting, painting materials, encapsulant for semiconductor and insulating material for electric devices. There are numerous paint/coating systems based on epoxy resin available for corrosion and fouling prevention. They however are not completely satisfactory in field applications, where high corrosion, fouling and flame resistance are required. The demand for epoxy resin as corrosion/fouling resistant coatings is restricted mainly due to its inferior characteristics like poor impact strength, high rigidity, and moisture absorbing nature besides inadequate flame retardant properties. It is for this reason that silicones and phosphorus-based compounds are used as modifier in this work by intercrosslinking network mechanism (ICN) to obtain epoxy resin with desired properties ideally suitable for field applications for preventing corrosion and fouling with flame retardantancy. The present work involves the development of solvent free silicone/phosphorus modified epoxy coating systems, since solvent free coating systems are widely used for numerous applications due to their lower cost per unit film thickness, freedom from fire and pollution hazard and ability to provide better performance. For the development of coating systems, epoxy resin (X) serves as base material, hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) as modifier, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) as crosslinking agent and dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. Polyamidoamine (A), aromatic amine adducts (B) and phosphorus-containing diamine (C) were used as curing agents. The study also describes the evaluation of corrosion resistant behaviour of unmodified epoxy and siliconized epoxy coatings by potentiodynamic polarization method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), salt-spray and antifouling tests. The results are discussed.     

循环冷却水系统处理用的专家系统方法(续)

本文首先介绍了敞开式循环冷却水处理中四个方面:腐蚀结污、沉积结垢、悬浮颗粒结污和微生物结污的概况、特点、产生原因、控制方法和监测项目.在此基础上介绍了计算机应用于水处理咨询用的专家系统方法及其运行概况.本文以两个实例分别介绍了专家系统知识库中的故障树,并以此分别说明其专家系统:(1)如何对一个读数有问题的电导率控制器进行故障分析;(2)如何证实冷却水中的聚磷酸盐系缓蚀剂是否发生了降解的分析过程.     

冷却水换热器结垢和腐蚀的原因及处理措施

阐述了冷却水换热器结垢和腐蚀的原因,并对其危害进行了介绍;探讨了结垢和腐蚀的处理措施,为解决冷却水换热器结垢和腐蚀问题提供了借鉴和指导。     

催化裂化装置烟气轮机积垢及其增厚机理

针对近年来炼油厂中出现的催化裂化烟气轮机结垢严重问题, 采用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)对催化剂平衡剂、烟机入口催化剂颗粒和垢样进行了微观形貌的分析, 结果表明, 烟机叶片上的结垢主要是由1～2 μm的催化剂颗粒组成。对催化剂黏附在叶片表面的机理进行研究, 分析黏附力对黏附作用的影响, 结果表明, 催化剂颗粒粒径越小, 越容易被黏附, 与SEM的结果吻合。通过CFD模拟烟机流道内速度场的分布, 验证了黏附力对结垢的影响。     

固定床半再生重整装置长周期运行分析

本文从离心式重整循环氢压缩机长期运行、氯腐蚀与氯结盐、重整催化剂活性3个方面分析了对固定床半再生重整装置长周期运行的影响：指出了固定床半再生重整装置长周期运行应努力的方向。     

Precipitation of barium sulphate in a hollow fiber membrane contactor, Part I: Investigation of particulate fouling

Particle formation by precipitation is an important unit operation for the production of fine solids such as catalysts, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. It is the decisive step for determining properties such as particle size, shape, and purity, which in turn determine the quality of the end product. In this study, we investigated the precipitation of BaSO₄ particles in a hollow fiber membrane device. A solution of BaCl₂ was passed tangentially over a membrane surface and reacted with a solution of K₂SO₄ introduced through the membrane pores. The resulting supersaturation induced nucleation and particles grew on the lumen side of the hollow fibers. Particulate fouling was observed using X-ray images with BaSO₄ as a radiocontrast agent. It was shown that this fouling was attributed primarily to fiber blockage by newly formed crystals rather than to pore blockage. Moreover, a larger inner diameter of hollow fiber was shown to slow down considerably the fouling of the device. A numerical simulation was developed to calculate the supersaturation inside a hollow fiber, and the results of the simulation were compared with experimental data.     

新型循环冷却水自动加药控制装置的研制

为抑制水冷凝汽器结垢,基于某电厂1。机组的实际工况,研制新型循环冷却水自动加药控制装置,以模拟换热器为监控对象,对循环冷却水系统的污垢热阻和关键水质参数（pH值、ORP值和浓缩倍率）进行在线实时监测,以测量值作为反馈参数,实时调整缓蚀阻垢剂、浓硫酸和杀菌灭藻剂的投加量,补充水量并控制排污量。给出自动加药控制装置的硬件和监控软件设计方案。实际投运结果表明：在控制循环冷却水水质稳定的前提下,该装置将污垢热阻控制在1．0×10%-4m^2·K／W以下,循环冷却水浓缩倍率控制在8．0—4．5。     

牡蛎附着腐蚀研究进展

牡蛎等海洋附着生物改变了金属表面的化学介质成分和电化学微环境,相关研究是解决海洋工程腐蚀和控制问题的关键。本文综述了牡蛎等海洋附着腐蚀的研究进展,并以牡蛎与腐蚀相关的研究为基础,对牡蛎附着腐蚀机制的研究方面进行了展望。