丝绸之路且末古国墓地出土玻璃器成分特点研究

位于丝绸之路南道上的新疆且末古国扎滚鲁克墓地M133墓和M49墓分别出土了一批珍贵的玻璃料珠和一件玻璃杯,时代为东汉-南北朝时期(公元1-6世纪)。利用激光刻蚀电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(LA-ICP-AES)对这批样品进行化学成分分析。分析数据显示,这批样品具有典型的西方钠钙玻璃的成分特点。根据现代西方古代玻璃研究体系中助熔剂的不同,这批玻璃又划分为天然碱玻璃和植物灰玻璃两类,并对玻璃成分的相似性与差异进行探讨。该研究反映了以玻璃为载体且末古国与西方的贸易与文化交流的历史,而且为玻璃产地来源与制作工艺研究提供了重要的参考。     

论清代中国与东南亚瓷器贸易对瓷业的影响

清代时,东南亚是中国瓷器外销最重要市场之一,与东南亚的瓷器贸易对于中国瓷业的发展具有非常重要而积极的作用,它促进了清代瓷业布局的转变,同时对瓷艺风格亦有重要影响。     

关于中国古玻璃研究的几点看法

概要介绍玻璃的本质、古玻璃的名称,分析了当前中国古代玻璃研究的状况和若干需要深入研究的问题。指出了中国南方古玻璃的特点及与东南亚和南亚各国进行玻璃技术交流的情况。同时对中国南方古玻璃研究的相关问题进行了讨论。     

Styrene-Butadiene Polytelomers for Pressure-Sensitive Applications

Novel styrene-butadiene polymer latex compositions and their utility for pressure-sensitive and other adhesive applications are described. These compositions, termed polytelomers, are based on the concept of synthesising sequentially a low glass transition temperature, high molecular weight (polymeric) fraction, followed by a high glass transition, low molecular weight (telomeric) fraction, in an attempt to simulate the compounding of elastomeric adhesives. Some of the described compositions can exhibit multiphase morphology, having discrete styrene-rich domains surrounded by butadiene rich phase, both of these phases being embedded in a “honeycomb” carboxyl-rich phase. The compositions were characterized by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and by electron transmission microscopy, as well as by molecular weight distribution and glass transition temperature range data. Examples of adhesive applications are also given.     

巴里坤东黑沟遗址出土串饰玻璃珠材质与制作工艺的初步分析

以新疆巴里坤东黑沟遗址出土的一件串饰上6个玻璃珠为研究对象,利用超景深三维显微视频系统、X射线荧光光谱仪等现代科技手段对其表面形貌、钻孔方式、化学组成进行了无损观察和分析.结果表明:6个玻璃珠属于中国本土生产的铅玻璃;单色玻璃珠采用熔融铸造成型法制成,而蜻蜓眼玻璃珠是先制作单色玻璃基体,再将分开制作好的眼眶嵌入到单色玻璃基体中;钻孔方式有单面钻和模具预先留孔;铜或铁元素是作为着色剂使用;这批玻璃珠中气泡较多,总体来看其制作工艺较粗.     

辣木天然净水剂研究进展

辣木为多年生木本植物,原产于印度西北部的亚喜马拉雅山地区,现已成为非洲、阿拉伯、东南亚地区的常见树种.其种子含有净水活性很高的净水蛋白.这种净水蛋白具有天然、无毒、无副作用、易于降解等特点,非常有希望成为化学净水剂的替代品.最近20年来,国外已有许多辣木净水蛋白方面的研究,但国内这方面的研究还未见报道.本文综述了最近20年来国外有关辣木净水蛋白的提取、分离、纯化、电荷特性、抗菌特性、重组表达、净水机理等方面的研究进展,讨论了辣木蛋白作为天然净水剂的优点和不足,展望了辣木蛋白作为天然净水剂的应用前景.     

Preparation of core–shell glass bead/polysulfone microspheres with two‐step sol–gel process

Core–shell microspheres made from glass beads as the core phase and polysulfone (PSf) as the shell phase can act as an absorbent in the separation process or a supporter for chemical reactions. Based on phase‐inversion principles, a two‐step sol–gel method was developed in this work in which ether was added first and H₂O was added second to a PSf‐containing dimethyformamide (DMF) solution to help PSf solidify on the surface of glass beads. The results from scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform IR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a dense layer of PSf (thin to several microns) was coated on the glass beads and the core–shell microspheres were almost monodispersed. The utilization percentages of the glass beads and PSf were high as 100 and 80%, respectively. The thickness of the PSf membrane was calculated to be about 4.3 μm. To obtain well‐monodispersed microspheres, the practical volume ratio of ether to DMF was recommended to be larger than 4.5. The results suggested that the two‐step sol–gel method is a highly efficient process for preparation of glass bead/PSf core–shell microspheres. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3365–3369, 2006     

亚洲聚烯烃供需形势及对我国的影响

阐述了近年来亚洲聚烯烃(包括聚乙烯和聚丙烯)市场供需、贸易平衡、新增能力变化情况及未来发展趋势,分析了亚洲聚烯烃供需形势对我国市场的影响.指出我国是世界上最大的聚烯烃进口国,未来几年东南亚和中东各国(地区)聚烯烃产品占我国进口产品的比例将不断增加,而日本和韩国的市场份额逐年下降;我国是世界聚烯烃产能增长最快的国家,同时需求仍保持旺盛的增长势头,未来市场竞争将更加激烈.     

采用X-射线荧光光谱仪测定玻璃化学成分

介绍了利用X-射线荧光光谱仪采用熔片方法检测玻璃化学成分的方法。具体介绍了制样过程、标准样品的选择、光谱仪测试条件的确定及标准曲线的建立，以及最终完成对玻纤样品化学成分的分析。并对该方法的准确度和精密度做了验证试验。     

Synthesis and thermomechanical characterization of polyurethane elastomers extended with α,ω‐alkane diols

A series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers was prepared by the reaction of poly(?‐caprolactone) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which was extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2–10 methylene units in their structure. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical structures of the synthesized PU samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The mechanical properties were also studied and are discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis and DSC analysis showed that CE length had a considerable effect on the thermal properties of the prepared samples. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and damping peaks were also affected by the number of methylene units in the CE length. The elastomer extended with 1,2‐ethane diol exhibited optimum thermal properties, whereas the elastomer based on 1,10‐decane diol displayed the worst thermal properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing CE length, whereas hardness showed the opposite trend. The glass‐transition temperature moved toward lower temperatures with increasing CE length. The decrease in the glass‐transition temperature and tensile properties were interpreted in terms of decreasing hard segments and increasing chain flexibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

A microwave‐assisted process for coating polymer and glass surfaces with semiconducting ZnO submicron particles

A new method for coating glass slides with ZnO particles with an average size of 200 nm is proposed in the current article. The coating was performed under microwave radiation. Two main morphologies are found for the ZnO crystals that are deposited on glass slides. The first morphology is that of a very dense coating of ZnO hexagonal rods growing perpendicular to the glass surface. The second is the growth of ZnO flower‐like particles. In addition to coating the glass by ZnO particles, we also report on coating other polymers [poly(methyl methacrylate) plate, polycarbonate beads, Nylon 6,6 beads, and polypropylene beads) by ZnO. The morphology obtained for ZnO coated on polymers is different from that detected for coating ZnO on glass. The unorganized coating of ZnO rods on polymers has been observed. The coated glass slides were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, volumetric titration, EDS, scanning electron microscope, and optical measurements (DRS and transmittance spectroscopy). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

中国螺钿史研究情况与课题——以亚洲螺钿史建设为目标

1)殷周时代螺钿器的涂膜以及断面构造研究;2)唐代螺钿的成立和编年谱系;3)从唐、五代型螺钿到宋、元型螺钿的变化;4)贝片彩色技术的开始和其影响;5)唐代以来木地螺钿史的实态解析;6)中国的木地、树脂地螺钿和东南亚、南亚螺钿的关系。     

Characterization of spinel and magnetospheres of coal fly ashes collected in power plants in the former USSR

Six samples of magnetospheres, recovered by magnetic separation from fly ashes, collected from power plants with high temperature boilers in the former USSR, were investigated by combination of instrumental techniques. The phase and chemical compositions, morphology and microstructure of magnetospheres have been studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy. Iron in magnetospheres mainly occurs as Fe-spinels, hematite, and iron bearing glass. Structural formulas of spinels promising for catalysis applications were calculated on the base of obtained results. The magnetospheres have been characterized mainly as core-shell nanocomposites from spinel, hematite and quartz crystals in glass matrix divided in high-silica and high-ferrous glasses. The mechanism of magnetospheres formation was proposed.     

新疆拜城和塔城出土的早期玻璃珠的研究

新疆拜城和塔城出土的一批玻璃珠(1100B．C～500B.C．左右)是目前中国出土的最早期玻璃，墓葬位置分别在天山的南北两麓，年代在西周到春秋时期。采用质子激发X荧光技术和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析了这批玻璃珠的化学成分。结果表明。这批玻璃珠的成分可分为Na2O-CaO—SiO2和Na2O-CaO—PbO—SiO2两个体系。初步认为这批玻璃珠是借鉴了中西亚地区的玻璃制造技术，采用当地的原料制备的l游牧民族在这个过程中起到了重要作用。实验结果对研究中国古代玻璃起源和中西方文化交流有重要意义。     

娘惹瓷

娘惹瓷是一个被国内广大陶瓷研究者所忽视的领域,它是马六甲海峡地区土生华人于晚清民国时期从中国专门订购的一种粉彩瓷,具有很强的特色,仅大量见于东南亚地区.本文通过介绍其背景、装饰和器型试图勾勒娘惹瓷--这一国内不熟悉类型瓷器--的一个大轮廓.文章所做的初步探索,还只是浅尝辄止,希望能对国内娘惹瓷研究有所推动.     

Particle Adhesion in Model Systems: 16. Barium Sulfate Particles on Glass and Protein Surfaces

The adhesion phenomena of monodispersed barium sulfate (BaSO₄) particles on gelatin-coated glass beads were evaluated using the packed column technique and compared with the same system in the absence of the protein.

Multilayer deposition was observed with the uncoated glass beads at pH 4, 5 and 6, while at pH 9, which is above the isoelectric point (pH ∼ 6) of BaSO₄ particles, monolayer deposition took place, even though the BaSO₄ particles and glass beads bore the same sign of charge. At pH = 10, no uptake was observed on the glass beads, but the addition of 10^-4 mol dm^-3 BaCl₂ induced multilayer deposition due to the adsorption of the Ba²⁺ cation on BaSO₄ particles, which causes a reversal of their charge to positive.

The formation of multilayers was found to occur over a much wider pH range on the gelatin coated glass beads.

BaSO₄ particles deposited in multilayers could not be removed from either glass beads or gelatin-coated glass beads by rinsing the loaded column with solutions of pH 11.5, but could be detached from monolayers on glass beads only.     

Morphological and rheological properties of PS melts filled with grafted and ungrafted glass beads

Glass beads carrying different amounts of polystyrene (PS) grafted to their surface were prepared by solution and melt-mixing processes. These beads are mixed with a nearly mono-disperse PS. The morphology of polymers filled with different volume amounts, ?, of modified and unmodified glass beads was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the case of PS-grafted glass beads, the fracture surfaces show cohesive failure. The rheological properties of these filled polymers were investigated by mechanical spectroscopy. The material functions, the storage modulus G″ and the loss modulus G″, for PS melts filled with unmodified beads can be presented in an invariant from, e.g., independent of temperature and concentration. The temperature-shift factors follow WLF behavior, and the concentration shift factors a generalized Maron Pierce equation. The rheological material functions of melts filled with modified glass beads can be superposed for different temperatures. However, a concentration invariant representation is only possible in the frequency range belonging to the plateau region. For small frequencies, a systematic deviation occurs whose strength depends on the amount of polymer grafted to the filler surface. It is argued that this behavior may be attributed to an additional relaxation process originating from the hindered flow of the modified glass beads. This process has to be investigated in more detail in the future. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Subcritical Water Treatment: A Simple Method to Prepare Porous Glass with a Core–Shell Structure

This paper presents a subcritical water treatment method for preparing porous glass with a core–shell structure from ordinary soda-lime glass beads in one step. In this method, reactive subcritical water rather than any other chemical additive was utilized to selectively corrode the glass and mainly leach the alkali ions from the glass. The core–shell structure has been characterized by scanning electron microscope observation. The mesoporous structure of the porous glass beads has been confirmed by a nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement. The treated alkali–lime–silicate glass beads have mesopores with a narrow distribution ranging around 4 nm, and a uniform nanoflake array on the surface. The shell structure can be easily tailored by changing the treatment temperature and water flow rate. A possible mechanism of a corrosion-ion immigrating-recondensation pattern was hypothesized to explain the formation of the core–shell porous structure.     

Interrelation between the Parameters of Chemical Vapor Deposition, Properties, and Structure of Borophosphosilicate Glass Films Used in the Silicon Integrated Circuit Technology

The results of investigations into the processes occurring in the course of the synthesis, the physicochemical properties, and the compositions of thin borophosphosilicate glass films with phosphorus and boron at a total content up to 30 wt % are generalized. The films are prepared using four chemical vapor deposition methods at deposition temperatures ranging from 380 to 520°C, followed by heat treatment at temperatures of 700–950°C. It is demonstrated that the substantial differences in the properties of the glass films studied can be explained by two factors. The first factor is associated with the porosity of glass films and the occurrence of boron atoms in the threefold coordination with respect to oxygen in the glass. The second factor involves the total content of phosphorus and boron oxides, the concentration of phosphorus oxide clusters embedded into the glass structure, and their sizes. A novel approach is proposed for the characterization of the chemical stability of thin glass films used in the technology of silicon integrated circuits.     

激光聚变靶用空心玻璃微球的成分设计

基于玻璃成分与性能之间的定量关系,以高强度、高化学稳定性、易熔和低粘度为目标,应用正交试验法对30种待选玻璃配方中Na2O、K2O、Al2O3、CaO的含量进行了优化,从中优选出了10种玻璃配方作为激光聚变实验靶用空心玻璃微球的候选配方.与国内外其它靶用空心微球玻璃的性能相比,候选配方的玻璃不仅化学稳定性和抗张强度有显著提高,而且各自的熔化温度、粘度等参数也满足空心玻璃微球炉内成球法的工艺要求.