不同采食方式对昆明小鼠寿命的影响

目的　观察不同采食方式对昆明小鼠寿命的影响。方法　在昆明小鼠繁殖群中 ,随机抽取 180只2 1日龄雌雄各半小鼠 ,根据不同采食方式分成 3个组 ,观察其寿命长短。结果　正常采食组平均寿命 (5 82 5 0±177 73)d ,限食采食组平均寿命 (730 2 5± 16 7 39)d ,自由采食组平均寿命 (5 4 8 75± 14 8 6 6 )d。总体平均 (6 2 0 0 0±16 4 5 9)d。自由采食组与正常采食组差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,限食采食组比自由采食组和正常采食组寿命长 ,且差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。雄性鼠比雌性鼠寿命长 ,且差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　采食方式明显影响昆明小鼠的寿命     

厚复合夹层胶接采用先期真空预制方法的研究

ＨＴ－Ｕ托卡马克装置的１∶２模拟纵场线圈是由１４块１５３０ｍｍ×１５００ｍｍ×７ｍｍ的大块铜板进行胶接而成的。设计粘接层厚度为１５ｍｍ的玻璃纤维复合材料,厚度精度±０１ｍｍ,剪切强度大于３０ＭＰａ,耐交流电压１５００Ｖ／１ｍｉｎ。经试验采用１３层０１４ｍｍ、含胶量３０％～３５％（重量）载胶玻璃布,真空条件下先期预制成１６ｍｍ厚左右的“Ｂ”状态复合材料,然后放入两块７ｍｍ厚的铜板之间,叠合所有铜板加压固化。结果表明厚度均匀性小于３％,剪切强度大于设计要求。     

槐山羊产羔性能再观察

槐山羊是河南古老的地方优优良品种,产羔性能较强,据观察平均每胎2.55±0.90只。第1胎产羔较少,平均1.68±0.59只,之后,随其胎次增加而增多,第5胎和第6胎最多,分别为2.95±0.90和3.00±0.92只。产三羔及其以上的多羔母羊所占比例亦随其胎次增加而增高,第3—5胎次产三羔的母羊所占比例相当高,分别为40.00％、37.77％和46.66％,第4—6胎次产四羔的母羊比例亦较高分别为17.77％,20.00％和33.33％。笔者认为在调查统计槐山羊产羔时,各胎次产的母羊所占比例不可相差过大,以相互接近一致为宜。     

火焰原子吸收法测定碱性镀铜液中的铅

用原子吸收分光光度仪对测定碱性镀铜液中铅含量进行试验研究。测量条件：波长２８３．３ｍｍ；空气流量 ３． １４ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ；乙炔流量 １．２ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ；灵敏度为 ０．２７５ μｇ／ｍｌ／１％；相对误差 ± ２．６１％。     

地虫磷的气相色谱分析

用气相色谱分析法测定地虫磷,该法火焰离子检测器标准并为±０．１９％,平均回收率为９９．６％。     

S-甲基杀螟硫磷的气相色谱法测定

采用气相色谱法对Ｓ－甲基杀螟硫磷进行分离与定量,色谱柱为０．６ ｍ × ２ ｍｍ（ｉｄ）,内填装５％ＤＳ＋ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂ　Ｗ　ＨＰ固定相。分离度好,定量准确,本方法的相对标准偏差为７．８％,平均回收率为９９．３％。     

S—氰戊菊酯原药的液相色谱分析

采用石油醚＋乙醚＋正己烷作流动相，２８０ｍｍ紫外检测波长，在 ２５０ｍｍ × ４． ６ｍｍ × ０． ００５ｍｍ正相硅胶柱上，对Ｓ－氰戊菊酯原药进行分析。分析方法的标准偏差为０．４８，变异系数为０．５３％，平均回收率为９９．９２％，线性相关系数为０．９９９７。     

甲基二乙醇胺对H_2S和CO_2同时吸收的传质动力学模拟

运用渗透理论建立了Ｈ２Ｓ和ＣＯ２在Ｎ－甲基二乙醇胺水溶液中选择性吸收（或解吸）的传质动力学模型，并用差分法对方程进行了数值求解。化学吸收增强因子计算结果与文献计算值对比，平均相对偏差小于±６．２％，模型与膜理论Ｈ２Ｓ单组分吸收的解析解对比，平均相对偏差小于±７．４％。     

气相色谱法测定辛－氰乳油

本文报道一个简单快速测定辛－氰乳油中辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的分析方法。用ＳＱ－２０６气相色谱仪，ＦＩＤ检测器，色谱柱为０．５ｍ×３ｍｍ不锈钢柱，５％ＯＶ－１０１／Ｃｈｒｏｍ．Ｇ．Ｈ．Ｐ．８０～１００目。在适当条件下进行定量分析。该方法简单、快速，结果可靠，回收率为９６．２～１０１．７％，变异系数为０．９３～２．１０％。     

预分解窑改燃无烟煤的调试（一）

１概述我厂＃３窑是经改造的预分解窑系统,设计生产能力１３２０ｔ／ｄ,实际能力可达１４５０ｔ／ｄ。其窑尾四级预热器规格分别为：Ｃ１：２－３７００Ｃ２～Ｃ４５４５０ｍｍ。分解炉属离线型喷腾管道式分解炉,规格３８４０ｍｍ×１９９４０ｍｍ。出Ｃ１筒３６０℃±１０℃的废气全部入增湿塔处理至１３０℃±１０℃后入电除尘器除尘。增湿塔规格７０００ｍｍ×２６０００ｍｍ,处理风量２７００００ｍ３／ｈ,１３把喷枪,喷水量１４．５ｔ／ｈ～１５ｔ／ｈ。窑尾高温风机型号Ｗ６－２×３９№１８,风量２７００００ｍ３／ｈ,压力７…     

Solution blowing of thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers: A facile method to produce flexible porous materials

Solution blowing (SB) is a promising and scalable approach for the production of nanofibers. Air pressure, solution flow‐rate, and nozzle‐collector distance were determined as effective process parameters, while solution concentration was also reported as a material parameter. Here we performed a parametric study on thermoplastic polyurethane/dimethyl formamide (TPU/DMF) solutions to examine the effect of such parameters on the resultant properties such as fiber diameter, diameter distribution, porosity, and air permeability of the nanofibrous webs. The obtained solution blown thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers had average diameter down to 170 ± 112 nm, which is similar to that observed in electrospinning. However, the production rate per nozzle can be 20 times larger, which is primarily dependent on air pressure and solution flow rate (20 mL/h). Moreover, it was even possible to produce nanofibers polymer concentrations of 20%; however, this increased the average nanofiber diameter. The fibers produced from the TPU/DMF solutions at concentrations of 20% and 10% had average diameters of 671 ± 136 nm and 170 ± 112 nm, respectively. SB can potentially be used for the industrial‐scale production of products such as nanofibrous filters, protective textiles, scaffolds, wound dressings, and battery components. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43025.     

Moisture durability of four moisture cure urethane adhesives

Moisture durability of four low modulus adhesives was examined. The four low modulus adhesives all had the same basic moisture cure polymer but contained different fillers and additives. Hot-dipped galvanized steel was bonded to random fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester and aged in two moisture environments for various durations. Adherend surface wipes included acetone, isopropyl alcohol and a typical surface contamination for galvanized steel (an organic lubricant). Diffusion coefficients, moisture uptake and modulus changes due to moisture environment were determined for the adhesives and the fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). The moisture cure adhesive with clay and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as fillers (adhesive 252) had the highest retained lap joint strengths. Initially, adhesive 252 had single lap joint strengths of 1.47 ± 0.08 MPa for acetone-wiped joints and 1.39 ± 0.33 MPa for organic lubricant-wiped joints. After accelerated aging in a cataplasma environment for 9 weeks, lap joint strengths fell to 0.61 ± 0.08 MPa for acetone-wiped joints and to 0.65 ± 0.11 MPa for organic lubricant-wiped joints. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) showed that the actual failure locus was through a corroded zinc layer and between the adhesive and the zinc surface after aging. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the modulus for adhesive 252 dropped from 21.7 to 13.9 MPa after cataplasma aging. From finite element analysis (FEA), this modulus drop corresponded to a drop in normal stress concentration from 0.75 to 0.57, and a drop in shear stress concentration from 1.41 to 1.36 at a point 0.5 mm from the end of the single lap joint overlap.     

BCG-CpG-DNA一般毒性的初步评价

目的观察BCG-CpG-DNA对小鼠急性毒性和28d长期毒性作用,评价其一般毒性。方法小鼠分别经背部皮下给予BCG-CpG-DNA100、250和500μg1次(急性毒性试验)和7次(28d长期毒性试验),对照组注射生理盐水。单次给药后观察小鼠的生长情况和体重变化,14d后观察脏器是否发生病变;重复给药期间及末次给药后3周恢复期内,每周观察小鼠外观体征、局部刺激性和体重变化;末次给药后3d及3周检测血液学、血液生化学指标及主要脏器系数和抗双链DNA抗体水平。结果 BCG-CpG-DNA急性毒性试验中,各组小鼠均健康存活,体重增加,无毒性反应。BCG-CpG-DNA28d长期毒性试验中,动物体重、行为活动无异常,给药部位无局部刺激性表现;BCG-CpG-DNA重复给药可提高小鼠免疫细胞的数量;末次给药后3d,各试验组脾脏系数均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),经过3周恢复期回复正常;各试验组血清中抗双链DNA水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义,均低于25U/ml的临界值。结论 BCG-CpG-DNA主要影响小鼠的免疫细胞和免疫器官,未见其他明显的急性毒性和长期毒性作用,表明BCG-CpG-DNA具有较好的安全性。     

马蹄香对小鼠的急性毒性及对大鼠的亚急性毒性观察

目的观察马蹄香(Valeviana jatamansi Jones)对小鼠的急性毒性及对大鼠的亚急性毒性,以评价其安全性。方法给小鼠灌服5 000、7 500、10 000 mg/kg的马蹄香,对照组灌胃1%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC),观察小鼠的中毒症状,记录小鼠的死亡数,采用Red-Munchen法计算半数致死量(LD50),并检查小鼠组织和脏器的病理变化;对大鼠分别灌服4 000、1 000和200 mg/kg的马蹄香,连续给药14 d,对照组灌胃CMC水溶液,给药后观察14 d,检测大鼠体重、脏器系数、血常规指标、血生化指标及组织病理变化情况。结果急性毒性试验结果显示,灌胃马蹄香后,小鼠短时间内出现活动减少,而后趋于正常,病理学检测未发现小鼠组织或脏器有明显异常改变,LD50>10 000 mg/kg;亚急性毒性试验结果显示,马蹄香各剂量组大鼠的增重、脏器系数、血常规指标、血生化指标及组织病理变化与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论马蹄香具有较好的安全性。     

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞对异基因肝移植模型大鼠移植区域组织损伤的修复作用

目的观察小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)注入后在异基因肝移植模型大鼠移植区域的迁徙、定居及组织修复作用,探讨MSCs诱导异基因移植免疫耐受的可能性。方法将昆明小鼠肝组织块埋入Wister大鼠肝脏切口,制备异基因肝移植大鼠模型;体外分离、纯化并培养昆明小鼠乳鼠MSCs;经DAPI标记后,尾静脉注入模型大鼠,通过激光共聚焦显微镜,分别在24h、5d及10d观察MSCs在肝脏移植区域的迁徙及定居;采用HE染色观察肝移植区域组织损伤情况。结果MSCs尾静脉注入后,24h即出现在肝移植区域,5d时分布于血管周围,10d时扩散至移植区域血管及周围组织;MSCs治疗5d,HE染色显示移植区域浸润的炎性细胞减少,可见肝组织结构。结论小鼠MSCs可在大鼠体内存活,并参与损伤区血管及组织的修复。     

重组人胰岛素的药效学及药理学检测

经检测 ,重组人胰岛素注射液生物学效价为 2 8.2U mg。按 0 .5、1.0和 2 .0U kg皮下注射 ,对小鼠正常血糖、葡萄糖型高血糖以及大鼠四氧嘧啶型高血糖均有明显的降低作用。重组人胰岛素对雄性小鼠LD5 0 为 2 1.6 9± 2 .46U kg,雌性为 47.5 6± 6 .10U kg。犬长期毒性试验表明 ,未出现任何毒性。     

Plastic fats and margarines through fractionation,blending and interesterification of milk fat

Milk fat stearins and oleins were blended with high‐ and low‐melting natural fats to produce plastic fats, vanaspati substitute and confectionery fats. Margarines of improved nutritional value were also formulated. Fractionation was carried out using acetone, hexane, and isopropyl alcohol. The yield (wt‐%) of high‐melting stearin (HMS) from acetone and IPA was 13.0 ± 0.2 to 13.3 ± 0.1 after crystallization for 24 h at 20 °C. The melting point of the products was 49.0 ± 0.5 to 49.8 ± 0.6 °C. However, in hexane the yield of HMS was 12.2 ± 0.2% at 10 °C. The olein fractions were further fractionated at 10 °C from acetone and IPA, and at 0 °C from hexane, to obtain superoleins and low‐melting stearins (LMS). HMS fractions were blended with rice bran oil and cottonseed oil at the ratio 70 : 30 (wt/wt), and the superoleins were blended with sal fat and palm stearin at the ratios 40 : 60, 30 : 70 and 20 : 80 (wt/wt). The blends were interesterified (product melting point: 22.7 ± 0.04 to 39.3 ± 0.10 °C) chemically and enzymatically to prepare margarine. The penetration values (in 0.1 mm) of these margarines were noted to be 112 ± 1.52 to 145 ± 0.00.     

ISCOMS重组乙型肝炎疫苗的研究

目的　提高CHO细胞表达的重组乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)的免疫原性。方法　采用透析法制备HBsAg免疫刺激复合物 (immunostimulatingcomplexes简称ISCOMS)。用放免法 (RIA)检测免疫小鼠的抗体滴度 ;标记胸腺嘧啶掺入法 (3H TdR)检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化率 ;CTLL 细胞株 XTT法检测IL 2活性。结果　经电镜观察ISCOMS颗粒呈蜂窝状 ,直径为 30～ 4 0nm左右。SDS PAGE分析 ,制备的ISCOMS颗粒HBsAg蛋白均由P2 3、GP2 7和GP30组成。用Bradfords法测定ISCOMS蛋白回收率为 4 1 5 0 %。免疫NIH小鼠结果显示ISCOMS重组乙肝疫苗和铝佐剂疫苗的ED50 分别为 10 3 2 2 5 5和 2 5 80 6 4 ;ISCOMS组的相对效力是铝佐剂组的 4倍。刺激指数 (SI)分别为 6 78± 2 32和 3 12± 0 5 4。IL 2水平分别是 10 2IU ml± 2 12IU ml和 4 95IU ml± 0 86IU ml。结论　ISCOMS重组乙型肝炎疫苗稳定性好 ,免疫原性强 ,抗体产生早 ,滴度高 ,并且能激起细胞免疫 ,有可能发展成为新一代疫苗。     

Effects of a Water-Soluble Cinnamon Extract on Body Composition and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in Pre-Diabetic Men and Women

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with a water-soluble cinnamon extract (Cinnulin PF^®) on body composition and features of the metabolic syndrome.

Methods

Twenty-two subjects with prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome (mean ± SD: age, BMI, systolic blood pressure [SBP], fasting blood glucose [FBG]: 46.0 ± 9.7 y; 33.2 ± 9.3 kg/m²; 133 ± 17 mm Hg; 114.3 ± 11.6 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to supplement their diet with either Cinnulin PF^® (500 mg/d) or a placebo for 12-weeks. Main outcome measures were changes in FBG, SBP, and body composition measured after 12-weeks of supplementation. The primary statistical analyses consisted of two factor (group × time), repeated-measures ANOVA for between group differences over time. In all analyses, an intent-to-treat approach was used and significance was accepted at P < 0.05.

Results

Subjects in the Cinnulin PF^® group had significant decreases in FBG (-8.4%: 116.3 ± 12.8 mg/dL [pre] to 106.5 ± 20.1 mg/dL [post], p < 0.01), SBP (-3.8%: 133 ± 14 mm Hg [pre] to 128 ± 18 mm Hg [post], p < 0.001), and increases in lean mass (+1.1%: 53.7 ± 11.8 kg [pre] to 54.3 ± 11.8 kg [post], p < 0.002) compared with the placebo group. Additionally, within-group analyses uncovered small, but statistically significant decreases in body fat (-0.7%: 37.9 ± 9.2% [pre] to 37.2 ± 8.9% [post], p < 0.02) in the Cinnulin PF^® group. No significant changes in clinical blood chemistries were observed between groups over time.

Conclusion

These data support the efficacy of Cinnulin PF^® supplementation on reducing FBG and SBP, and improving body composition in men and women with the metabolic syndrome and suggest that this naturally-occurring spice can reduce risk factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.