一种全氟辛基两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

对一种全氟辛基两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂协同作用进行了研究,考察了该表面活性剂与无机盐、阴离子碳氢表面活性剂、阴离子氟碳表面活性剂和非离子氟碳表面活性剂的复配性能,并对结果进行了讨论。研究表明:该两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂自身表面张力为24.0 mN/m;电解质氯化钠对该两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂影响显著,可使表面张力下降到22.4 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)可使表面张力降至21.4 mN/m;阴离子氟碳表面活性剂全氟丁基磺酸钾和四乙基全氟辛基磺酸铵分别使表面张力降至20.9 mN/m和20.2 mN/m;而非离子氟碳表面活性剂N-乙基-N-聚氧乙烯(9)醚-全氟辛基磺酰胺能使表面张力降至20.9 mN/m。     

几种表面活性剂在乙醇溶液中的泡沫性能研究

研究了几种典型表面活性剂(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠AE_3S、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-9、烷基糖苷APG-1214、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱CAB、有机硅表面活性剂FC-7160)在纯水溶液和50%乙醇溶液中的泡沫性能。结果表明,只有有机硅表面活性剂可以在50%乙醇溶液里起泡。通过测定平衡表面张力发现只有有机硅表面活性剂可以降低50%乙醇溶液的表面张力,而在加入碳氢表面活性剂后,乙醇溶液的表面张力没有变化。     

常用临界胶束浓度的测定方法

1)表面张力法:表面张力测定法适合于离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂cmc的测定,无机离子的存在也不影响测定结果。在表面活性剂浓度较低时,随着浓度的增加,溶液的表面张力急剧下降,当达到cmc后,表面张力的下降则很缓慢或停止。     

动态表面张力的测定及应用研究综述

表面张力是表征溶液性质的重要物理参数,添加不同类型的表面活性剂,降低表面张力的状态也会不同,其中,动态表面张力的测定能表征表面活性剂分子在溶液内部及表面的运动特性,通过测定动态表面张力,既能表征溶液表面张力降低速率的快慢,也能体现表面活性剂分子在气-液两相吸附的差异。介绍动态表面张力的常用测定方法,归纳各种测定方法的适用范围,综述国内外动态表面张力测定在各领域的应用研究成果及价值。     

ATMP、IDPA等水质稳定剂的性能与其表面张力的关系

在室温下,用滴重法测定不同浓度的表面活性剂——ATMP(氨基三甲叉膦酸)、IDPA(亚氨基二甲叉膦酸)及PAA(聚丙烯酸)水溶液的表面张力,发现表面活性剂的阻垢性能、缓蚀性能、协同效应与其表面张力之间存在着一定的关系。测定添加表面活性剂后水的表面张力的变化,将有助于预测表面活性剂在工业水处理方面的应用。     

论表面活性剂水溶液的最低表面张力

<正> 表面活性剂在生产、生活、科学技术各个领域中有着广泛而重要的应用。这是其他任何一类有机化合物所不能及的。它的许多重要应用都来自它能降低液体表面张力这一特性。而水是最重要的液体,故表面活性剂水溶液所能达到的最低表面张力是它的表面活性高或低的一种度量。那么,什么样的表面活性剂能使水表面张力降低最多?哪些因素影响表面活性剂水溶液的最低表面张力?这些都是既有理论意义又有实用价值的问题。表面活性剂水溶液所能达到的最低表面张力通常以临界胶团浓度(cmc)时的表面张     

双子表面活性剂的综述

表面活性剂作为一种能明显降低表面张力的物质,在科研、生产、应用等方面都受到了非常重视。作为代表表面活性剂发展方向的双子表面活性剂,越来越受到国内外学者的重视。与传统的表面活性剂相比较,双子表面活性剂在降低的表面张力、聚集生成胶团、Krafft点和CMC等性能上都明显更加的优异。基于此,学者们在开发新型双子表面活性剂和应用方面都做了大量的工作。     

非离子氟硅表面活性剂的制备

在科学和商业上对低表面张力的水性表面活性剂的兴趣越来越大.传统有机表面活性剂降低水的表面张力的性能已经被有机硅表面活性剂和氟炭表面活性剂这两大类材料所超越,前者通常是基于甲基硅氧烷,能使水的表面张力达到20～21mN/m:后者可以把水的表面张力减少到20mN/m以下.有报道可低到13mN/m.     

混合表面活性剂的表面活性与链长相关性

研究了一系列疏水链长度不同的混合表面活性剂的表面活性。总结了表面活性参数随表面活性剂疏水基链长变化的规律。混合表面活性剂形成胶团的能力和降低表面张力的效率主要取决于两表面活性剂的碳原子数,而降低水表面张力的能力则受总碳原子数影响不大。固定总碳原子数时,两表面活性剂链长相差越大临界胶团浓度越小,降低表面张力的效率越高,而降低表面张力的能力却反而越差。     

长链离子液体临界胶束浓度研究

采用毛细上升法测定[Cn MIm]Br(n=12,14,16)3种长链离子液体与十二烷基硫酸钠(传统阴离子表面活性剂)的表面张力,通过表面张力拐点得到临界胶束浓度。结果表明,长链离子液体与传统表面活性剂临界胶束浓度相当;在临界胶束浓度下,长链离子液体表面张力相差不大,且都略小于传统表面活性剂,则其表面活性优于传统阴离子表面活性剂。     

二聚表面活性剂性能的研究

二聚表面活性剂是一类新型的表面活性剂 ,是由两个单链单头基普通表面活性剂在离子头基处通过化学键联接而成。其独特的分子结构使其具有与传统表面活性剂不同的特性 ,如cmc值很低 ,降低水溶液表面张力的效率很高等。本文着重介绍该表面活性剂的结构特点、合成方法、性质及应用。     

双子表面活性剂体系的界面活性研究

测定了阳离子型双子表面活性剂烷基 α ,ω 双二甲基烷基溴化铵以及它与普通表面活性剂复配体系的表面张力。结果表明 :双子表面活性剂的表面活性大大高于普通表面活性剂 ,双子表面活性剂溶液的表面活性受其联接基团的影响远大于其烷基链的影响。通过研究阳离子型双子表面活性剂 /阴离子普通表面活性剂复配体系和阴 /阳普通表面活性剂复配体系的协同效应 ,发现双子表面活性剂与普通表面活性剂有很好的复配协同效应 ,这主要是由双子表面活性剂的特殊结构造成的。     

Synergistic Effect of Mixed Surfactant Systems on Foam Behavior and Surface Tension

Foam and surface tension behaviors of different ionic/nonionic surfactant solutions along with their different combinations have been investigated. Among different surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the highest foamability over other surfactants. Mixed surfactant systems were always found to have higher foamability than the individual surfactant. It was also noticeable that nonionic surfactants show good foamability when they combine with anionic and cationic surfactants. In the case of mixed surfactant systems, nonionic/cationic surfactant mixtures showed lower surface tension than nonionic/anionic surfactant mixture due to a synergistic effect.     

羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿特性

以自制的羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂为研究对象,在考察其表面活性的基础上,进一步研究了表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿性。研究表明,羟基型Gemini表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的接触角随疏水链长度的增长呈先减小后增大趋势,其中C₁₂-OH在煤沥青表面的润湿效果最好;对于m-n-m酯基型Gemini表面活性剂而言,接触角随疏水链长度的增长而降低。当疏水链长度一定时,m-6-m在煤沥青表面的润湿效果比m-2-m好。在一定浓度范围内,C₁₀-OH、C₁₂-OH和12-2-123种Gemini表面活性剂的表面张力与其在煤沥青表面黏附张力呈线性关系。煤沥青表面的Zeta电位随Gemini表面活性剂浓度的增大呈先增大后趋于平稳的趋势。     

双尾及多尾氟表面活性剂在有机溶剂中的表面活性研究

拟通过增加油溶性氟表面活性剂分子中碳氟链的数目,从而增大有机溶剂表面吸附层的碳氟链密度,以提高其降低有机溶剂表面张力的能力。合成了2个系列的氟表面活性剂:将全氟辛基磺酰氟与二胺(NH_2(CH_2)nNH_2,n=2,3,6,10)反应,合成以磺酰胺键为连接基、分子中含有2个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂;通过全氟辛酸与多元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇)反应,合成以酯键为连接基、分子中分别含有2,3和4个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂。研究了这2个系列氟表面活性剂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮以及乙醇-乙酸乙酯-丁酮三元混合溶剂中的表面活性,考察了氟表面活性剂分子结构、溶剂种类对表面活性的影响。结果显示,单纯增加碳氟链数目与降低表面张力之间不具有必然的依赖关系,分子整体构型也很重要,同时有机溶剂的种类对氟表面活性剂溶液的表面张力有显著影响。     

Surface and interfacial FTIR spectroscopic studies of latexes. III. The effects of substrate surface tension and elongation on exudation of surfactants

This paper focuses on the effect of the substrate surface tension and mechanical elongation of EA/MAA latex films on the ionic and nonionic surfactant mobility. Although the mobility of anionic surfactants is inherently sensitive to the substrate surface tension, nonionic surfactants appear to remain uniformly distributed across the latex film. This behavior is attributed to the enhanced compatibility with the copolymer latex. Mechanical elongation of the latex films enhances surfactant exudation to the surface due to the increased surface energy of the film forcing surfactants to the latex surface.     

Surface Properties and Solubility Enhancement of Anionic/Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures Based on Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

As a class of novel surfactants, Gemini surfactants usually exhibit fairly excellent interfacial properties in aqueous solutions on account of the unique structure. They have significant application and development potential for industrial production. However, the mixing properties of Gemini surfactants with conventional surfactants are the key to their application. The equilibrium surface tension curves of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures based on the sulfonate Gemini surfactant (SGS-12) were measured using the Wilhelmy Plate method. The parameters of surface adsorption, the interaction parameters between anionic and nonionic surfactants, and the thermodynamic parameters of micelle formation were calculated from the corresponding equations. In addition, the dynamic surface tension (DST) curves of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures were examined through bubble profile analysis, and the diffusion performance parameters were acquired from empirical formulas. The solubilization of pyrene in micelle solutions was studied using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the interaction parameters of all anionic/nonionic surfactants are negative, indicating that there is a synergistic effect on reducing the surface tension. For the SGS-12/OP-10, SGS-12/Tween 80, SGS-12/AEO9, and SGS-12/APG0810 mixtures, the optimum mixing ratios are 6:4, 7:3, 7:3, and 8:2, respectively. The thermodynamic data of micelles show that the formation of mixed micelles for SGS-12/APG0810 mixtures is an enthalpy-driven process. The tendency of DST curves of the SGS-12/APG0810 mixture is similar to that of SGS-12. In comparison with single-surfactant solutions, the anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures show stronger solubilization capacity toward pyrene.     

Experimental Study on Foam Properties of Mixed Systems of Silicone and Hydrocarbon Surfactants

Silicone surfactants are inevitably involved in industrial applications in combination with hydrocarbon surfactants, but properties of the mixtures of silicone and hydrocarbon surfactants have received little attention, especially foam properties of the mixtures. In this study, aqueous solutions of respective binary mixtures of a nonionic silicone surfactant with anionic, cationic, and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants were prepared for evaluation of their foam properties. Surface tension of aqueous solutions of the mixtures were measured with the maximum bubble pressure method. Foaming ability and foam stability of the mixtures were then evaluated with the standard Ross–Miles method. The findings show that the addition of the silicone surfactant results in a decrease in surface tension for aqueous solutions of the hydrocarbon surfactants. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the hydrocarbon surfactants is also changed by the additive silicone surfactant. Additionally, clear foam synergistic effects were observed in the mixtures of silicone and hydrocarbon surfactants, regardless of the ionic types of the hydrocarbon surfactant. The foam stability of the hydrocarbon surfactant was shown to generally improve with the increasing concentration of the silicone surfactant. Even so, aqueous solutions of different ionic hydrocarbon surfactants in the presence of the silicone surfactant will give different foam stabilities. The results of the present study are meant to provide guidance for the practical application of foams generated by the mixtures of the silicone and hydrocarbon surfactants.     

Physikalische Methoden als Hilfe für die Herstellung und Entwicklung von Tensiden I: Oberflächenspannungs- und Filmwaage-Messungen

Physical Methods as Aid in the Preparation and Development of Surfactants Surface tension measurements and film-weighing machine measurements with recording instruments allow an investigation of the diffusion of the surfactant molecule from the interior of its solution into the surface and the filmforming properties in this surface. In the development of new surfactants, the diffusion velocity, the reduction of the surface tension of the water, the surfactant concentration required for this purpose, and the space requirement of a molecule in the surface covered give hints regarding the potential use of such surfactants. In a homologous series of surfactants, a combination of both methods supplies the hydrophilic-hydrophobic equilibrium. Reference is made to relations between the surface behaviour of the surfactants and their performance properties.