Pickering乳液在药物载体制备方面的研究进展

Pickering乳液具有成本低、稳定性好、毒性小等优点,广泛应用于化妆品、食品、医药等方面。利用Pickering乳液制备药物载体操作简单,可改善难溶药物的溶出,对药物具有一定的缓释效果,其在药物载体方面具有广阔的发展前景。本文综述了近些年Pickering乳液在药物载体方面的研究进展,首先简要介绍了药物缓释技术及Pickering乳液性质;然后重点分析了不同固体粒子稳定的Pickering乳液在载药微球制备中的研究;还探讨了Pickering乳液在制备载药凝胶、载药多孔支架以及载药乳剂等方面的应用;最后对Pickering乳液制备药物载体方面作出展望,随着该技术相关研究的发展和成熟,药物载体的稳定性、生物相容性等问题的突破,利用Pickering乳液制备药物载体的方法技术将更有利于药物载药体系的发展。     

微乳液在透皮给药方面的应用

微乳液是一种热力学稳定的透明分散体系,在药物运输领域具有增溶能力优异和渗透能力强等优点。本文对微乳液在透皮给药方面的应用研究进展进行综述,主要对微乳液的配方组成和理化性质进行介绍,分析其在药物输送方面的优异性能,并对目前微乳液用作透皮给药载体存在的问题进行分析和展望,以期为微乳液在生物医药领域的应用提供一定的参考。     

非离子表面活性剂形成微乳体系的规律性研究

研究了非离子型表面活性剂形成微乳液体系的相行为,同时采用单因素变量法考察了乳化温度、组分含量、多元醇链长、添加剂以及p H对微乳液液滴粒径及Zeta电位值的影响。结果表明:较优乳化温度为80℃,在此乳化温度下微乳液液滴粒径较小、体系各组分的较优质量分数为1%甜杏仁油、10%聚氧乙烯(21)硬脂醇醚、10%1,2-丙二醇、0.4%Na Cl以及78.6%去离子水。此外,添加1,2-丙二醇作助乳化剂,当p H相对较低时生成的微乳液液滴粒径较小,体系较稳定。     

微乳在中药制剂中的研究进展

微乳(microemulsion)是由油和水、乳化剂、助乳化剂在适当比例下自发形成的透明或半透明分散体系。粒径在10~100 nm之间,具有极高的稳定性、对溶质的高度分散性和吸附能力。微乳可改变药物的溶解性,提高其生物利用度及分布靶向性,在药物制剂中有很好的应用,综述了微乳作为口服给药载体、注射用给药载体、透皮给药载体、黏膜给药载体在中药制剂中的研究进展,并展望了微乳的发展前景。     

EP化学灌浆材料微乳化在建筑防渗堵漏领域的应用

以乳化剂、助乳化剂、水及EP(环氧树脂)组分(不含固化剂)作为主要原料,采用微乳化法制备一系列EP微乳液;然后在拟三元相图上标注各相比例不同时的乳液性状,并取相图中适宜的组分比例制备EP微乳液。研究结果表明:该EP微乳液体系属于热力学稳定体系,能在设定的固化时间内维持足够的稳定性;将该适宜的比例成分放大后制备EP化学灌浆材料,其在实际防渗堵漏作业中应用效果良好,表明采用微乳化法制成的EP化学灌浆材料具有良好的可行性。     

改性皂化蜡微乳液的制备

将皂化蜡进行催化氧化改性,对改性皂化蜡制备微乳液进行了研究,考察了微乳液的配方组成以及乳化条件时制备氧化皂化蜡微乳液的影响.研究结果表明:当m(改性皂化蜡):m(乳化剂):m(助乳化剂)=1:0.40:0.02,乳化时间为30 min,乳化温度为85～90℃,搅拌速度为(1 000～1 200)r/min,得到稳定的蜡微乳液.     

亲水性小分子药物缓释微球制备方法的研究进展

缓释微球可以延长药物的作用时间,从而能够解决亲水性小分子药物由于半衰期较短需要长期频繁给药的问题。本文综述了亲水性小分子药物缓释微球制备方法的研究现状和发展方向,分别从使用非水溶性载体材料和水溶性载体材料两个方面介绍了亲水性小分子微球制备方法的优缺点。使用非水溶性载体材料方面,重点阐述了乳化溶剂挥发法和相分离法;使用水溶性载体材料方面,重点阐述了乳化交联法和喷雾干燥法。并着重分析了层层自组装法以及结合磁性粒子的溶剂挥发法的技术原理和制备过程。最后指出亲水性小分子药物缓释微球的制备方法将朝着操作简单、安全有效和智能靶向的方向发展。     

"Winsor I-like"法合成聚丙烯酸酯微乳液的工艺及机理探讨

采用"Winsor I-like"型微乳液聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸酯微乳液,考察了聚合工艺、乳化体系、引发体系等因素对丙烯酸酯微乳液粒径及性能的影响,探讨了聚合机理.研究表明,预乳化种子微乳液聚合工艺更有利于制备稳定、粒径小且分布窄的聚合物微乳液;动态光散射研究表明微乳液聚合成核方式主要为均相成核和单体微珠滴成核.     

页岩储层保护用O/W纳米乳液的制备

针对钻井液滤液侵入页岩储层极易导致严重的水敏损害及液相圈闭损害问题,采用两步稀释法研备出粒径极小、分散性好且长期稳定的页岩储层保护用水包油(O/W)纳米乳液。选取Gemini季铵盐型表面活性剂GTN、Tween80与正丁醇三者复配作为表面活性剂组分(记为S+A),通过室内实验研究了水相中NaCl质量分数对NaCl溶液/(S+A)/正辛烷体系微乳液特性的影响,考察了微乳液相转变温度(PIT)、制备方法及其微观构型等因素对采用两步稀释法制备的纳米乳液粒径的影响,同时对纳米乳液体系的失稳机理进行研究。结果表明,NaCl溶液/(S+A)/正辛烷体系微乳液中NaCl的加入可以显著提高表面活性剂组分的乳化效率,改变微乳液微观构型,使PIT显著降低;当剂油体积比(R_os)为7:3时,通过调节双连续微乳液的PIT接近实验乳化温度,采用两步稀释法制备的O/W纳米乳液粒径最小且分布范围最窄;NaCl溶液/(S+A)/正辛烷体系纳米乳液主要失稳机理为奥氏熟化;纳米乳液具有良好的储层保护作用。     

流变学性质在乳化工艺条件中的应用研究

研究了流变学性质在O/W型乳液化妆品生产工艺中的应用,通过测试不同乳化时间下乳液体系的宏观流变性质和微流变性质得到量产放大产品达到乳化终点所需的乳化时间。结果表明,随着乳化时间的增加,该O/W型乳液体系触变性和黏弹性逐渐减弱,弹性因子(EI)下降,宏观黏性因子(MVI)下降,固液平衡值(SLB)上升,体系的流动性逐渐增强;乳化时间大于10 min时,体系的流变性不再随乳化时间的增加而变化,证明体系此时已达到乳化终点。利用动态光散射理论得到的微流变性质与常规机械方法得到的宏观流变性质在乳化终点的判定上结论一致,此外微流变仪具有测试速度快、准确性高、样品量少、不破坏样品等优点,有望进一步扩大在O/W型乳液化妆品生产工艺中的应用。     

功能高分子在新型给药系统中的应用

功能高分子材料具有独特的物理和化学性能,近年来在各类给药系统中有着广泛的应用。该文对功能高分子在新型给药系统中的应用及研究进展进行了评述;结合具体药物剂型,针对不同给药系统的特点和实际需要以及功能高分子的相关特性,讨论了功能高分子材料在药物控缓释中的独特作用和在不同给药系统中的应用前景。     

透皮给药系统的研究进展

介绍了透皮给药系统的特点、剂型、促渗技术和体内外研究模型,为透皮给药系统的研究提供参考。重点查阅了国外有关透皮给药系统的相关文献并进行分析总结。随着新材料、新技术、新设备的不断发展,促渗方法取得了很大的进步,透皮给药系统具有广阔的发展前景。     

Assembling nanoparticle coatings to improve the drug delivery performance of lipid based colloids

Lipid based colloids (e.g. emulsions and liposomes) are widely used as drug delivery systems, but often suffer from physical instabilities and non-ideal drug encapsulation and delivery performance. We review the application of engineered nanoparticle layers at the interface of lipid colloids to improve their performance as drug delivery systems. In addition we focus on the creation of novel hybrid nanomaterials from nanoparticle-lipid colloid assemblies and their drug delivery applications. Specifically, nanoparticle layers can be engineered to enhance the physical stability of submicron lipid emulsions and liposomes, satbilise encapsulated active ingredients against chemical degradation, control molecular transport and improve the dermal and oral delivery characteristics, i.e. increase absorption, bioavailability and facilitate targeted delivery. It is feasible that hybrid nanomaterials composed of nanoparticles and colloidal lipids are effective encapsulation and delivery systems for both poorly soluble drugs and biological drugs and may form the basis for the next generation of medicines. Additional pre-clinical research including specific animal model studies are required to advance the peptide/protein delivery systems, whereas the silica lipid hybrid systems have now entered human clinical trials for poorly soluble drugs.     

可降解高分子纳米纤维药物控释系统的研究进展

可降解高分子药物控释系统通过对药物剂量的有效控制,能够降低药物的毒副作用,提高药物的稳定性和利用率。近年来,静电纺丝纳米纤维因其具有比表面积大等特点,作为新型药物控制释放载体受到研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了可降解高分子纳米纤维药物控释系统的研究进展,对可降解高分子纳米纤维的制备及其在药物控释方面的研究进行介绍,并讨论了影响可降解高分子纳米纤维药物释放的因素。     

In vitro degradation behavior of biodegradable 4-star micelles

Drug delivery vectors for sustained release include a variety of polymeric constituents, both natural and synthetic. Among synthetic polymers several linear block copolymer systems have been explored for use as drug delivery vectors. Release of the pharmaceutical agent is affected by the degradation characteristics and/or by the swelling of the polymer. The goal of this study is to evaluate the degradation behavior of branched polyethylene oxide polylactide polyether ester as a drug delivery vector. Three samples of a star polyethylene oxide/polylactide copolymer with differing polylactide chain lengths were evaluated by characterizing the thermal properties of the neat polymer and in vitro degradation behavior.The thermal and morphological properties were examined by DSC, TGA and XRD. The in vitro polymeric micelle samples were observed over time by UV-vis, TEM and fluorescence. The four star PEO-PLA polymers have exceptional amphiphilic characteristics, which enable their use for a variety of applications. The polymers are thermally stable at biological conditions. In addition, the star polymers have shorter degradation times as compared to previously reported linear PLA and PEG-PLA copolymers, suggesting use as a short-term drug release agent. The four star PEO/PLA copolymer may be an excellent candidate for drug delivery applications.     

玉米醇溶蛋白用作药物输送系统载体的研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)是一种天然可食性植物大分子,具有可再生性、无毒性、两亲性及良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,可通过自组装形成微球或纳米粒。近年来,Zein用作药物输送系统(drug delivery system,DDS)载体材料成为研究热点,可通过Zein的自组装特性将药物包载在其内部获得Zein-DDS微粒。本文简述了Zein的特性及其作为DDS载体的优势,总结了Zein-DDS的制备方法、性能及Zein的修饰改性研究进展,指出Zein具有较强的疏水性和抗胃酸分解特性,Zein-DDS可有效地提高药物稳定性、延缓药物释放及增强药物靶向性。因此,Zein用作DDS的载体具有广阔的应用前景,今后的研究工作将会在拓宽研究领域、改进制备方法及Zein的修饰改性等方面展开。     

Stimuli-accelerated polymeric drug delivery systems

The controlled delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the site of disease represents a major challenge in drug therapy. Particularly when drugs have to be transported across biological barriers, suitable drug delivery systems are of importance. In recent years responsive delivery systems have been developed which enable a controlled drug release depending on internal or external stimuli such as changes in pH, redox environment or light and temperature. In some studies delivery systems with reactivity against two different stimuli were established either to enhance the response by synergies of the stimuli or to broaden the window of possible trigger events. In the present review numerous exciting developments of pH-, light- and redox-cleavable polymers suitable for the preparation of smart delivery systems are described. The review discusses the different stimuli that can be used for a controlled drug release of polymer-based delivery systems. It puts a focus on the different polymers described for the preparation of stimuli-sensitive systems, their preparation techniques as well as their stimuli-responsive degradation. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

Controlled drug delivery systems: the next 30 years

The drug delivery scientists need to reexamine the advances made during the past 60 years, analyze our current abilities, and design the future technologies that will propel us to achieve the next level of drug delivery technologies. History shows that the first generation (1G) of drug delivery research during 1950–1980 was quite productive, while the second generation (2G) technologies developed during 1980–2010 were not as prolific. The ultimate goal of drug delivery research is to develop clinically useful formulations to treat various diseases. Effective drug delivery systems can be developed by overcoming formulation barriers and/or biological barriers. The engineering approach has a limit in solving the problem, if biological difficulties are not clearly identified and understood. The third generation (3G) drug delivery systems will have to focus on understanding the biological barriers so that they can be overcome by engineering manipulation of the drug delivery systems. Advances in the next 30 years will be most accelerated by starting open dialogues without any preconceived ideas on drug delivery technologies. The new generation of drug delivery scientists needs to be aware of the successes and limitations of the existing technologies to design the new technologies for meaningful advances in the future.     

辐射聚合在高分子合成中的应用

简要综述了辐射聚合的引发聚合原理以及特点，分别介绍了辐射聚合在水凝胶、药物缓释剂、增稠剂、高吸水性树脂以及其他领域的应用，报道了辐射聚合在应用领域的最新研究进展，并对辐射聚合合成高分子的应用前景做了进一步的展望。     

Advances in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

Nanoparticles (NPs) have an outstanding position in pharmaceutical, biological, and medical disciplines. Polymeric NPs based on chitosan (CS) can act as excellent drug carriers because of some intrinsic beneficial properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, bioactivity, easy preparation, and targeting specificity. Drug transport and release from CS-based particulate systems depend on the extent of cross-linking, morphology, size, and density of the particulate system, as well as physicochemical properties of the drug. All these aspects have to be considered when developing new CS-based NPs as potential drug delivery systems. This comprehensive review is summarizing and discussing recent advances in CS-based NPs being developed and examined for drug delivery. From this point of view, an enhancement of CS properties by its modification is presented. An enhancement in drug delivery by CS NPs is discussed in detail focusing on (i) a brief summarization of basic characteristics of CS NPs, (ii) a categorization of preparation procedures used for CS NPs involving also recent improvements in production schemes of conventional as well as novel CS NPs, (iii) a categorization and evaluation of CS-based-nanocomposites involving their production schemes with organic polymers and inorganic material, and (iv) very recent implementations of CS NPs and nanocomposites in drug delivery.