中性红在盐酸溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用

用失重法和动电位极化曲线法研究了酸碱指示剂中性红对冷轧钢在1.0～8.0 mol/LHCl溶液中的缓蚀作用.结果表明:中性红对冷轧钢在1.0 moL/L HCl溶液中具有良好的缓蚀作用,为混合抑制型缓蚀剂,且在钢表面的吸附符合校正的Langmuir吸附等温式,缓蚀率随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大,但随温度和盐酸浓度的增加而减小.通过吸附理论求出了相应的吸附热力学(吸附自由能△G°,吸附热△H°,吸附熵△S°)和动力学参数(腐蚀速度常数k,腐蚀动力学常数B),并根据这些参数讨论了缓蚀作用机理.     

H2SO4中KBr在冷轧钢表面的吸附及缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了在0.5～7.0 mol/L H2SO4 中20℃～60℃KBr在冷轧钢表面上的吸附及缓蚀作用.结果表明:KBr在H2SO4中具有较好的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率随KBr和H2SO4介质的浓度增加而增大,而随温度的增加稍有增大;KBr在钢表面的吸附符合校正的Langmuir吸附模型.通过吸附热力学和动力学公式分别求出了相应的吸附热力学参数(吸附自由能△G°,吸附热△H°,吸附熵△S°)和动力学参数(腐蚀速度常数k,腐蚀动力学参数B),并根据这些参数详细讨论了缓蚀作用杌理.     

H3PO4中染料中性红对钢的缓蚀性能

用失重法研究了染料中性红对冷轧钢在1.0 mol/LH3PO4溶液中的缓蚀作用。结果表明：中性红对冷轧钢在1.0 mol/LH3PO4溶液中具有良好的缓蚀作用。缓蚀率先随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大,后减小,存在浓度极值现象;缓蚀率随温度的升高而增大。在吸附区间（25～150 mg/L）中性红在钢表面的吸附符合Temkin吸附等温式。通过热力学基本公式求出了相应的吸附热力学（吸附自由能△G0,吸附焓△H0,吸附熵△S0）;根据这些参数讨论了缓蚀作用机理。     

硫脲在氨基磺酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用及其吸附热力学研究

采用失重法考察不同温度下5%氨基磺酸中不同浓度的硫脲对碳钢的缓蚀作用;并对氨基磺酸介质中硫脲在碳钢表面吸附热力学进行了研究。硫脲低浓度时,随浓度增大,缓蚀作用增强;当其浓度达到一定值后,缓蚀作用基本保持不变。实验结果表明,硫脲在碳钢表面发生单分子层吸附,并且满足Langmuir吸附规律。ΔG°<0,吸附过程可以自发进行,并且随着温度的升高ΔG°增大,吸附作用降低。ΔH°<0表明反应是放热过程。ΔS°>0,说明硫脲吸附于表面,随着反应的进行体系更为无序。     

硝酸根离子对铝在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀作用

用失重法和动电位极化曲线方法研究了硝酸根离子对工业纯铝在1．5mol／L HCl溶液中的缓蚀作用和机理，讨论了其在铝表面的吸附。结果表明，对铝在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀，硝酸根离子是很一种很好的缓蚀剂。当硝酸根离子浓度较低时，其缓蚀效率随着浓度增加而增大，随后增加硝酸根离子，缓蚀效率基本稳定；当硝酸根离子浓度较大时，缓蚀效率在测量时间内随着腐蚀时间的延长而增大。硝酸根离子通过抑制铝的阴极反应而起到缓蚀作用，其在铝表面的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式。     

一种席夫碱缓蚀剂的合成及其在盐酸溶液中对铝缓蚀热力学研究

以乙二胺和水杨醛为原料合成一种具有高效缓蚀性能的席夫碱。利用失重法研究盐酸介质中该席夫碱在不同温度和浓度下对铝的缓蚀作用。结果表明,在5%盐酸体系中,该席夫碱吸附在铝表面,从而对铝有缓蚀作用。吸附规律服从Langmuir吸附等温式。随着温度升高,吸附能力减弱,缓蚀效率下降。吸附过程是放热过程,熵值增大,自由能减小。     

盐酸介质中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对铝的缓蚀作用

本文用失重法研究了盐酸介质中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DAS)对铝的缓蚀作用,发现在35～60℃温度范围内,DAS对铝的缓蚀率先随浓度增加而增加,达一定浓度后,缓蚀率略有下降。提出DAS的缓蚀作用与表面吸附有关,且符合Langmuir方程,从而计算出吸附热,吸附熵,吸附自由能等热力学参数,讨论了吸附方式及缓蚀作用之间的关系。     

H2SO4中聚乙二醇20000在钢表面的吸附及缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了在1.0mol/L H2SO4中20-50℃聚乙二醇20000（PEG-20000）在冷轧钢表面上的吸附及缓蚀作用。结果表明：PEG-20000对钢具有良好的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大;但随温度的增加而增大。PEG-20000在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型。通过吸附热力学和动力学公式分别求出了相应的吸附热力学参数（吸附自由能ΔG,°吸附焓ΔH°,吸附熵ΔS°）和动力学参数表观活化能Ea,并根据这些吸附参数详细讨论了缓蚀作用机理。     

盐酸中烯丙基硫脲在钢表面的吸附及缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了在1.0 mol/L 盐酸中20～50℃烯丙基硫脲(ATU)在冷轧钢表面上的吸附及缓蚀作用.结果表明:ATU对钢具有良好的缓蚀作用,在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型.通过吸附理论和动力学Arrhenius公式分别求出了相应的吸附热力学参数(吸附自由能△G°, 吸附热△H°, 吸附熵△S°)和动力学参数表观活化能Ea,并根据这些参数详细讨论了缓蚀作用机理.     

麻竹竹叶提取物对铝在HNO_3介质中的缓蚀性能

用失重法、电化学法和扫面电子显微镜(SEM)研究了麻竹(Dendrocalmus latifcorus Munro)竹叶提取物(DLMLE)在1.0 mol/L HNO3溶液中对铝的缓蚀作用。结果表明:DLMLE对铝的缓蚀性能随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大,且在铝表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,标准吸附Gibbs自由能(ΔG°)表明DLMLE在铝表面的吸附为包含物理吸附和化学吸附的混合吸附。动电位极化曲线表明,DLMLE为混合抑制型缓蚀剂;EIS谱呈半圆容抗弧,添加DLMLE后电荷转移电阻随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大。SEM表明DLMLE对铝在HNO3中的腐蚀产生抑制作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.