环糊精及其应用

环糊精是一族葡萄糖以α-(1,4)-苷键结合的环状寡糖。环糊精是一种有用的分子螯合剂。环糊精和穴状配体,cyclophancs(环状格孚),spherands(球形大环)等一样,有笼型的超分子结构。这些拥有超分子结构的化合物能在不以交互形式存在的分子,离子或激进分子中实现分子内的互相作用。这些反应的主要形式是"主-客"形式,同上述超分子结构物相比,环糊精是最重要的一种,因为它包含的化合物有一种使使用它们原料性质产生显著改变的能力。因此有分子配位现象的环糊精在工业产品,技术和分析方法上有很广泛的运用。环糊精上可以忽略细胞毒素反应在诸如地毯运送,食物香味,化妆品,包装,纺织品,分离处理,环境保护,发酵和催化作用等应用上是一个重要的属性。     

杯芳烃及其衍生物在色谱分离中的应用

杯芳烃是由多个苯酚在 2 ,6位通过亚甲基相连形成的大环化合物。它是继环糊精和冠醚之后的第三代超分子物质 ,兼有环糊精、冠醚之所长 ,具备更高的选择性。其分子识别功能在现代分离科学中有着广泛的应用。本文对其在色谱分离中的应用进行了综述和展望     

杯芳烃衍生物对Ca2+识别研究进展

杯芳烃是由多个苯酚在2,6位与亚甲基相连形成的大环化合物,具有分子识别功能,是继环糊精和冠醚之后第三代主体分子.本文综述了近年来杯芳烃衍生物对钙离子高度识别性的研究进展.     

蓬勃发展的环糊精化学

简要介绍了环糊精化学的产生、发展、应用及结构特征;重点讨论了:(1)超分子大环主体化合物环糊精的自组装及应用;(2)环糊精自组装在医药学方面的应用;(3)环糊精模拟酶及其选择性识别作用。并对环糊精化学的发展进行了展望。     

环糊精

环糊精(Cyclodextrin)是右旋糖(D-gl-ucose)呈环状连接在一起的非还原性麦角低聚糖,其环状结构的中心均为空洞,与各种有机化合物生成包接化合物,主要用于食品、医药、化妆品等。环糊精有六个右旋糖连接的α-环糊精、7个右旋糖连接的β-环糊精、八个右旋糖连接的     

β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的吸附研究

研究了β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中几类有害成分的吸附能力,以及吸附效果与吸附质物性的关系。将β-环糊精添加于卷烟滤嘴中,使用行业标准和文献方法对卷烟主流烟气中的有害成分进行检测,结果表明:β-环糊精对主流烟气中的酚类、多环芳烃和喹啉有较好的吸附效果,添加量为30 mg时,平均吸附率分别为58. 11%、35. 83%和61. 34%。对于挥发及半挥发性有机化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的正相关,对于酚类和多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的负相关,对于多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质分子半径呈较强的负相关。     

环糊精作为超分子结构的构筑单元

对环糊精的来源和分子结构特点作了简单介绍 ,论述了环糊精及其衍生物在超分子化学领域中的地位。理论研究上 ,环糊精是研究弱相互作用的模型分子化合物 ,化学工业中环糊精及其衍生物具有广泛用途 ,显示出环糊精化学研究和应用的无限潜力     

β-环糊精类试剂的发展及应用研究

β-环糊精是超分子领域重要的主体化合物之一,广泛应用于分子识别和手性分离。系统介绍了各种β-环糊精衍生化产物,包括商品化的β-环糊精类试剂和新型衍生化β-环糊精产物,讨论了β-环糊精类试剂商品化进程中存在的问题和发展趋势。     

荧光光谱法研究β-环糊精-水溶液在不同离子环境下的微观结构

文章利用荧光光谱的方法分析了β-环糊精在不同环境的水溶液中的微观结构,结果表明:β-环糊精荧光主要是β-环糊精分子六元环结构中醚键(C-O-C)的氧未共享电子发生n→σ*跃迁后所发射的荧光;β-环糊精包合不同金属离子后,其疏水内腔得到不同程度地扩张;OH-与环糊精分子外部的羟基反应,破坏β-环糊精的环共轭结构。研究结果可为β-环糊精-水分子包合物的微观结构和特性的研究提供理论和实验依据,并为β-环糊精接枝共聚反应的特点及机理的探索提供参考。     

环瑚精作为超分子结构的构筑单元

对环糊精的来源和分子结构特点作了简要介绍，论述了环糊精及其衍生物在超分子化学领域中的地位。理论研究上，环糊精是研究弱相互作用的模型分子化合物，化学工业中环糊精及其衍生物具有广泛用途，显示出环糊精化学研究和应用的无限潜力。     

蓬勃发展的环蕃化学

介绍了环蕃化合物的结构特征及在超分子化学研究中的新进展,重点综述了多种新型环蕃化合物的合成及应用、新型环蕃化合物对分子离子的识别、新型环蕃化合物的合成及自组装。展望了其广阔的应用前景。期望能在医药学、生命科学、材料科学、环境科学及能源科学的应用上更有意义。     

环蕃化学研究的新进展

介绍了环蕃化学的结构特点及应用新进展,重点综述了:(1)多种新型环蕃化合物的合成;(2)多种新型环蕃化合物的分子离子识别;(3)多种新型环蕃化合物对手性分子的识别及仿生研究。展望了其广阔的发展和应用前景。期望能在医药学、生命科学、材料科学、环境科学及能源科学的应用上更有意义。     

Synthesis of cyclophane carrying poly(acrylic acid) chains and its complexation behavior

Poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-coupled cyclophane was obtained by coupling 1,6,20,25-tetraaza[6.1.6.1]paracyclophane with carboxyl-terminated poly(tert-butyl acrylate). The poly(tert-butyl acrylate) was quantitatively hydrolyzed to poly(acrylic acid). The cyclophane carrying poly(acrylic acid) was soluble in alkaline water and formed an inclusion complex with trimethyl-2-naphthylmethylammonium bromide as a guest. Received: 2 July 1997/Revised: 22 August 1997/Accepted: 29 August 1997     

新型环糊精衍生物的制备及应用

简要介绍了环糊精化学的产生、发展、性能、应用及结构特征。详细介绍了:新型环糊精衍生物的制备及在医药学中的应用;环糊精超分子作用力的自愈合杂化功能材料的制备及应用;环糊精自组装及主客体识别在分析分离科学中的应用。并对环糊精化学的发展进行了展望。     

Use of β‐cyclodextrin in an antimigration coating for polyester fabric

When β‐cyclodextrin was adopted as a dye catcher, the degree of dye migration onto adjacent fabrics as well as onto the coated surface was greatly reduced, while other physical properties, such as waterproofness and breathability, remained unaffected. When acetylation of β‐cyclodextrin was carried out, its solubility in an organic solvent, including methyl ethyl ketone and toluene, was greatly improved. Hence, it provided a smoother coated surface and an excellent antimigration effect in a direct‐coating system. These results confirm that β‐cyclodextrin is an effective dye catcher in a polyurethane‐based coating system, in which it prevents the migration of the dyes from coated polyester fabrics onto adjacent surfaces. The solubility of cyclodextrin can be optimised by a chemical modification of its cyclodextrin‐hydroxyl groups. Hence, this host–guest interaction demonstrates a universal and effective platform for antimigration coating systems.     

β-环糊精综合处理山苍子油的研究(二)

用β 环糊精与山苍子油进行包合反应,以提高柠檬醛含量。用正交实验考察了影响因素。结果表明:β 环糊精与山苍子油的配比是包合反应的最重要的影响因素,最佳反应条件为:β 环糊精的粒度为48μm,β 环糊精的含水量为14%左右,β 环糊精与山苍子油的配比为1.0g∶4.0ml,催化剂用量为0.2g,反应时间为90min。山苍子油产品含醛量可达83%。     

Heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐methyl‐6‐O‐sulfopropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin: A Genuine Supramolecular Carrier for Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis

The behavior of heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐methyl‐6‐O‐sulfopropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin as inverse phase transfer catalyst in biphasic Tsuji–Trost and hydroformylation reactions has been investigated. In terms of activity, this methylated sulfopropyl ether β‐cyclodextrin is much more efficient than the randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin, which was the most active cyclodextrin known to date. From a selectivity point of view, the intrinsic properties of the catalytic system are fully preserved in the presence of this cyclodextrin as the chemo‐ or regioselectivity was found to be identical to that observed without a mass transfer promoter in the hydroformylation reaction. The efficiency of this cyclodextrin was attributed to its high surface activity and to the absence of interactions with the catalytically active species and the water‐soluble phosphane used to dissolve the organometallic catalyst in the aqueous phase.     

Two Syntheses of [2.2.2] (1,2,3)Cyclophane

Two syntheses are presented for [2.2.2] (1,2,3)cyclophane (7), the remaining member of the symmetrical [2_n]cyclophanes whose preparation has not previously been described. The first method involved the dimerization of 2,6-bis (4′, 4′-dimethyl-2′-oxazolinyl)toluene ( 1 ) to give 2 which, on hydrolysis, produced the tetracarboxylic acid 3 . Conversion of 3 , via the acid chloride ( 4 ), to the tetraol 5 , followed by treatment with phosphorus tribromide yielded the tetrabromide 6 . The overall scheme was then completed by reaction of 6 with phenyllithium to give [2.2.2] (1,2,3) cyclophane ( 7 ). An alternate, more convenient, method began with the pyrolysis of 2,6-bis (chloromethyl)toluene ( 8 ) to give 3-chloromethylbenzocyclobutene ( 9 ). Formation of the Grignard of 9, followed by reaction with ferric chloride, yielded the dimer 10 . Pyrolysis of 10 then gave [2.2.2] (1,2,3)cyclophane (7).     

Preparation of cyclodextrin membrane-modified electrodes as sensor materials

Cyclodextrin membrane-modified electrodes as sensor materials have been prepared by dipping platinum electrodes in the water suspensions of an oriented cyclodextrin polymer, followed by drying the polymer layers on the electrodes. The polymer is obtained by the solid-liquid reaction between the crystal of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and hexamethylene diisocyanate in anisole. The thickness (2 ? 80 μm) of the cyclodextrin membrane is satisfactorily controlled by changing the concentration of the water suspension of the polymer. The cyclodextrin membranemodified electrodes show a significant response to p-nitrophenolate in water which is highly in contrast with no measurable response to o- and m-nitrophenolates.     

Cyclophane-containing polymers

In spite of the remarkable progress of cyclophane chemistry, syntheses of polymers containing cyclophane units in the main chain and side chain by utilizing the transannular π–π interaction are considerably limited. In this review, syntheses, properties, and applications of [m,n]cyclophanes-containing (m?3 and n?3) polymers prepared to date are presented. The main body of the review is classified into broadly four categories: introduction of (i) main-chain-type cyclophane-containing polymers, (ii) side-chain-type cyclophane-containing polymers, (iii) rigid-rod conjugated polymers containing pendent aromatic rings, and finally (iv) aromatic-ring-layered polymers comprising [2.2]paracyclophane.