粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖的制备工艺及性能研究

以固体废弃物粉煤灰与K2CO3为主要原料,通过预烧处理得到活化的粉煤灰原料,分别在850 ℃、875 ℃、900℃、925℃、950℃度进行常压烧结,制备得到粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖材料.利用XRD、SEM分别对其物相组成与微观结构进行测试,结合烧成样品的吸水率、体积密度、显微硬度随温度的变化规律,分析了烧结工艺对粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,样品中液相含量明显增加,在液相流动的作用下,坯体内部的气孔逐渐被填充,固相颗粒被粘结在一起形成连续的整体,从而形成致密的瓷体结构,当烧结温度为925 ℃时,样品的吸水率达到最小值:0.07%,维氏硬度达到最大值:5.9 GPa.而保温时间的增加,液相流动与物质迁移更充分,导致KAlSiO4晶粒尺寸增加,轮廓清晰,但并未对物相及其力学性能产生明显影响.     

烧结工艺对SiC/Cu-Al复合材料的力学性能及断裂行为的影响

以Cu包裹SiC颗粒为增强体,分别采用真空热压烧结和常压氩气气氛保护烧结方式制备含5%(体积分数)SiC颗粒的SiC/Cu-Al复合材料.研究了不同烧结温度对样品密度、Vickers硬度和弯曲强度的影响.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜对样品的晶相组成和结构进行了测定.结果表明:热压制品相对常压烧结制品的晶相组织均匀,晶粒细小.热压烧结可以大大提高SiC/Cu-A1复合材料的致密度,最高达到理论密度的99.9%.热压烧结的制品的硬度得到提高,550℃热压烧结的制品硬度最高可达到65MPa,575℃烧结时,其最大抗弯强度为190MPa,断裂机制主要是增强的颗粒断裂和基体撕裂.     

烧结工艺对SiC/Cu–Al复合材料的力学性能及断裂行为的影响

以Cu包裹SiC颗粒为增强体,分别采用真空热压烧结和常压氩气气氛保护烧结方式制备含5%(体积分数)SiC颗粒的SiC/Cu–Al复合材料。研究了不同烧结温度对样品密度、Vickers硬度和弯曲强度的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜对样品的晶相组成和结构进行了测定。结果表明热压制品相对常压烧结制品的晶相组织均匀,晶粒细小。热压烧结可以大大提高SiC/Cu–Al复合材料的致密度,最高达到理论密度的99.9%。热压烧结的制品的硬度得到提高,550℃热压烧结的制品硬度最高可达到65MPa,575℃烧结时,其最大抗弯强度为190MPa,断裂机制主要是增强的颗粒断裂和基体撕裂。     

刚玉–莫来石–镁铝尖晶石复合陶瓷的原位合成及热震行为

以α-Al2O3、苏州土、滑石和石英为主要原料,采用无压烧结制备了刚玉–莫来石–镁铝尖晶石多相复合陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对样品的体积密度、线性收缩率和吸水率等烧结性能以及机械性能的影响。通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了复相陶瓷热震前后的物相组成和显微结构。结果发现：经1480℃烧结的样品吸水率为0.19%,体积密度为3.06g/cm3,抗折强度达99.59MPa,复合材料有较好的热震性能,1100℃空冷热震损失率仅6.9%,可耐受17次热冲击。该复相陶瓷可作为潜在的太阳能热发电材料。     

烧结温度对铜尾矿多孔陶瓷物理性能的影响研究

以铜尾矿和钾长石为主要原料,添加CaCO3为发泡剂,制备多孔陶瓷。研究了烧结温度对尾矿多孔陶瓷晶相、硬度、密度和吸水率的影响。结果表明:尾矿多孔陶瓷的主晶相为白榴子石,硅灰石和镁黄长石。烧结温度升高有利于白榴子石相的形成,当烧结温度1 160℃后,多孔陶瓷的硬度总体上随着烧结温度的升高而降低。尾矿多孔陶瓷的密度在1 150~1 180℃,随着烧结温度的变化不大。进一步提高烧结温度,但密度变化则非常明显。对于不同尾矿含量的多孔陶瓷,其吸水率都在1 180℃烧结温度时达到最大。     

太阳能热发电莫来石-硅酸锆复相陶瓷的原位合成及性能

以红柱石、ZrO2、苏州土和长石为主要原料,采用无压烧结制备了太阳能热发电用莫来石-硅酸锆复相陶瓷.研究了烧结温度对材料吸水率和力学性能的影响,采用空冷法研究了材料的热震性能,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析了复相陶瓷热震前后的物相组成和显微结构.结果表明:在1490℃烧结的最优样品A2吸水率为0.41％,气孔率为1.10％,体积密度为3.06 g/cm3,抗折强度达128.78MPa;复合材料有很好的热震性能,1100℃空冷热震损失率上升10.69％,可耐受30次以上热冲击,该复相陶瓷可作为潜在的太阳能热发电管道材料.     

MnS热压缩陶瓷的制备及其高温应力应变曲线的测定

以Mn S粉体为原料,通过热压烧结方法制备Mn S陶瓷。研究了烧结温度和时间对样品相对密度、显气孔率、室温显微硬度、物相组成、微观结构以及样品变形的影响。结果表明,在不同烧结温度和保温时间条件下,Mn S陶瓷的物相均未发生改变,仍为纯相α-Mn S;但提高烧结温度或延长保温时间,Mn S烧结样品的相对密度增加、显气孔率减小、颗粒间结合越发紧密,显微硬度只有小幅改变,Mn S圆柱体陶瓷最佳烧结温度为1 255℃,保温时间为30 min。Mn S高温流变应力随应变的增加而增大,受应变速率、变形温度影响较大。     

低品位钾长石制备多孔保温隔热陶瓷研究

以低品位钾长石为主要原料,碳化硅为发泡剂,通过高温发泡法制备多孔保温隔热陶瓷.分别采用X-射线衍射(XRD)和超景深显微成像对保温隔热陶瓷的晶相组成和结构形貌进行表征,研究了烧结温度与保温时间对多孔保温隔热陶瓷孔结构、导热系数、抗压强度、体积密度和吸水率等性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度为1250℃、保温时间为30 min时制备的多孔陶瓷材料性能最优,样品的导热系数为0.072 W/(m·K),抗压强度为3.429 MPa,吸水率为13.5％,体积密度为0.542 g/cm3.     

造孔剂种类对粉煤灰多孔陶瓷性能的影响研究

以工业废弃物粉煤灰为主要原料,采用添加造孔剂法,分别以淀粉和煤粉为造孔剂,模压成型,在1000℃固相烧结制备粉煤灰多孔陶瓷,用SEM测试分析手段表征不同条件下粉煤灰多孔陶瓷的微观结构变化,研究了造孔剂种类及用量对显气孔率、抗弯强度、吸水率、体积密度、耐酸碱性能的影响.     

磷酸对硅微粉研制的多孔陶瓷的影响

以铁合金冶炼过程中产生的超细硅灰粉尘为主要原料,添加适量结合剂,经高温烧结可研制成本低廉的多孔陶瓷.本论文主要探讨不同烧结温度下以磷酸为结合剂的多孔陶瓷的气孔率、体积密度、抗折强度的变化,并采用X射线粉末衍射分析和扫描电镜对其晶相组成和微观结构进行表征.结果表明磷酸结合剂的最佳添加量为2.0%,最佳烧结温度为700℃,所制得的多孔陶瓷以无定形SiO2为主相,样品气孔率为43.55%,吸水率为34.19%,体积密度为1.25g/cm3,抗折强度为28.50MPa.     

石棉尾渣和粉煤灰制备堇青石多孔陶瓷及其理化性能

低成本制备堇青石多孔陶瓷一直是专家学者们研究的热点,本文以石棉尾渣、粉煤灰、高岭土为原料,在不添加发泡剂的情况下,采用直接烧结法成功制备了堇青石多孔陶瓷,系统研究了堇青石多孔陶瓷的物相演化、显微结构及理化性能。结果表明:烧结温度的升高和配方中高岭土含量的增加有助于样品中堇青石的合成,高岭土的添加可以有效降低样品发泡的温度和提高样品的孔隙率;当烧结温度为1 240 ℃,焙烧后的石棉尾渣、焙烧后的粉煤灰和高岭土质量比为5∶5∶3时,制备的堇青石多孔陶瓷的体积密度仅为0.6 g/cm³,孔隙率高达76.94%;当烧结温度为1 220 ℃,焙烧后的石棉尾渣、焙烧后的粉煤灰和高岭土质量比为5∶5∶5时,制备的堇青石多孔陶瓷吸水率达到最大值34.57%;此外,制备的堇青石多孔陶瓷还表现出良好的耐碱性能。     

工艺制度对反应烧结SiC耐磨材料性能与结构的影响

通过研究熔渗温度和时间及烧成工艺制度的不同对反应烧结SiC耐磨材料性能与结构的影响,确定最佳的工艺制度。分析了样品的体积密度、开口气孔率、显微硬度、磨损量等物理性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪对样品的断口形貌、内部成分和结构进行了表征。发现反应烧结碳化硅在1430℃保温3h,烧成温度1550℃保温2h这种工艺制度下,制备出体积密度为2.73g/cm3,硬度为2917.67hv、磨损量为0.0018g的陶瓷材料。     

以粉煤灰和赤泥为原料烧结陶瓷工艺与性能研究

本文研究了在1050 ℃至1200 ℃之间温度对以粉煤灰赤泥为原料烧结陶瓷的物相和烧结性能的影响.结果表明:实验用粉煤灰原料的主要矿相组成为石英(SiO_2)和莫来石(3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2),赤泥原料的主要矿相组成有钙铝黄长石(Ca_2Al_2SiO_7)、石英(SiO_2)、钙铁榴石(Ca_3Fe_2+3(SiO_4)_3)和钙钛榴石(Ca_3TiFeSi_3O_(12));以粉煤灰赤泥为原料的5组不同配比试样在1200 ℃时试样气孔率相对降低,体积密度和抗压强度相对程度增大;其中5#试样在经1200 ℃烧结后的气孔率为1.67%,体积密度为2.10 g·cm~(-3),抗压强度为123.23 MPa,达到较好的烧结致密状态,试样主要物相是钙钠长石和莫来石.试样内莫来石的形成及玻璃液相的增加促进烧结并在1200 ℃达到致密烧结状态.     

添加剂对低温烧结95氧化铝陶瓷性能的影响

采用MnO2-TiO2-CaO-La2O3复相添加剂作为氧化铝陶瓷的烧结助剂,研究了MnO2添加量对95氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能、力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明:当配方中MnO2含量为3.0%时,在1550℃烧结温度下制得的氧化铝陶瓷的综合性能最佳,烧结试样的体积密度达到3.76g.cm-3,试样的抗弯强度和洛氏硬度(HRA)分别达到355.22MPa和84.3。     

Recycling of harmful waste lead-zinc mine tailings and fly ash for preparation of inorganic porous ceramics

The porous ceramics were prepared by directly sintering of lead-zinc mine tailings and fly ash as the raw materials without any additional sintering and foaming agent. The effects of fly ash addition on the crystalline phases, pore structure, physical–chemical porosities and mechanical strength were investigated. The results showed that the bulk density decreased firstly and then increased while the porosity and water absorption presented the opposite tendency with the increase of fly ash content. Meanwhile, the chemical stability improved and the flexural strength had the same variation tendency of the bulk density. The phase evolution of sample with 60 wt% fly ash addition indicated that anorthite phase was formed at low temperature (1000 °C). The thermal behavior illustrated that the foaming process was initiated by the reaction of internal constituents in the lead-zinc mine tailings. Different pore structures indicated different foaming mechanisms that probably occurred at different temperatures. The porous ceramics with 60 wt% fly ash addition exhibited excellent properties, including bulk density of 0.93 g/cm³, porosity of 65.6%, and flexural strength of 11.9 MPa.     

Recycling of lime mud and fly ash for fabrication of anorthite ceramic at low sintering temperature

Lime mud is a kind of waste generated during causticization reaction of an alkali recycling process in paper industry. Lime mud and fly ash were reused as raw materials to fabricate anorthite ceramics through solid state reactions. Both sintering temperature and lime mud content influenced the crystalline phases in the prepared ceramics. Anorthite was the major phase in all samples (samples L36, L40, L50 and L60) and it was prominent in sample L36 (containing 36 wt% lime mud). The results also showed that anorthite ceramic can be synthesized at low sintering temperature (1100 °C). Gehlenite and wollastonite were formed in the samples possessing higher calcium (above 40 wt% lime mud) or at lower sintering temperatures. Bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength were measured. These ceramics were of light weight and had high water absorption. Recycling of lime mud and fly ash as raw materials of anorthite ceramic is a feasible approach to solve the solid wastes.     

Evolution on phase composition and properties of alumina-based ceramics fabricated from high-titania special-grade natural bauxite micropowder

In this study, Al₂O₃-based ceramics were fabricated with natural bauxite powder as the raw material. The phase compositions evolution behavior during the heat treatment and its influence on the properties of fabricated ceramics were investigated. With increasing heat treatment temperature, the sintering degree of high-titania special-grade bauxite became better. The samples showed decreased porosity, increased bulk density, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength. However, when the heat temperature increased to 1650 °C, decomposition of tieillite occurs in sample, leading to increased Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ content in the liquid phase. Corundum and mullite grains with anisotropic growth appeared in the samples, leading to a decrease in the density, the Vickers hardness and flexural strength of samples decreased consequently. However, those anisotropic grains could prolong the crack propagation path and improve the fracture toughness of the material.     

浸渍及热处理对常压烧结AlN/h-BN复相陶瓷微观结构及性能的影响

采用常压烧结方法在1 700℃保温2 h制备出AlN/20%(体积分数)h-BN复相陶瓷,对烧结后的样品分别采用A10铝溶胶和硅溶胶/酚醛树脂进行浸渍处理,随后在1 450℃氮气气氛下热处理2 h。对比研究了浸渍及热处理前后复相陶瓷的致密度、抗弯强度、Vickers硬度、微观结构和物相组成,并分析了复相陶瓷的强化机理。结果表明:A10铝溶胶浸渍处理后样品的抗弯强度和Vickers硬度略有提高;经过硅溶胶/酚醛树脂处理的样品抗弯强度和Vickers硬度大幅提高,抗弯强度和Vickers硬度分别从81.5MPa和1.99 GPa提高到130.1 MPa和3.58GPa;硅溶胶/酚醛树脂处理后的样品在孔隙界面处生成的碳化硅及氮氧化铝是样品抗弯强度和Vickers硬度显著提高的主要原因。