三嵌段波拉两亲液晶形成的二维多角形蜂窝状纳米结构

带侧链的波拉化合物是近年成功设计的一类三嵌段液晶分子,通过调节分子中各不相容嵌段相对体积的大小,获得了多种新型的二维多角形蜂窝状纳米结构,实现了从分子水平上控制其自组装行为,获取超分子纳米结构的目的,为设计具有二维纳米结构的新型功能材料提供了崭新的途径。综述了这类波拉两亲性分子的自组装行为及它们形成的多种新型复杂超分子结构。     

棒状线圈三嵌段共聚物的液晶超分子结构研究进展

如何获得能形成纳米尺寸的新型超分子材料以及研究这些结构对材料性质的影响成为当今分子设计的热点。由刚性芳香核(棒状Rod:B)及柔性链(线圈状Coil:A或C)组成的棒状线圈三嵌段共聚物能在纳米尺度上自组装出丰富多彩的纳米液晶超分子结构。介绍了不对称ABC(Coil-Rod-Coil)、对称ABA(Coil-Rod-Coil)及BAB(Rod-Coil-Rod)棒状线圈三嵌段共聚物的液晶超分子行为,讨论了疏水性作用力、各嵌段体积大小、分子形状、分子长度等结构因素的改变对这类三嵌段共聚物液晶分子自组装结构的影响,介绍了棒状线圈三嵌段共聚物组装形成的一序列一维层列相、二维柱相及三维的立方、四方相等多种连续的及不连续的复杂纳米液晶超分子结构。     

环境响应性两亲嵌段共聚物的自组装及其药物控释研究进展

两亲嵌段共聚物形成的胶束、囊泡等典型的自组装体可作为纳米医药载体,用于药物的控释,其研究已成为当前胶化、医药和生物学科交叉领域的热点。尤其是聚乙二醇型两亲嵌段共聚物,不仅具有良好的生物相容性,而且通过适当的分子设计可形成对环境具有刺激响应的纳米载体。本文着重综述了这类两亲嵌段共聚物的自组装及其在药物控释方面的研究,总结了影响自组装的因素,并介绍了控释药物的机理。     

新型自组装胶束的制备及其药物释放性能的研究

设计并合成了由亲水链段与疏水链段所组成的新型两亲星形嵌段共聚物.在水溶液中,该星形共聚物能够自组装形成具有核壳结构的纳米胶束粒子.当环境的pH分别为5、7.4、9时,共聚物胶束相应的低临界溶液温度(IESF)分别为32.0、36.6、39.5℃.由于亲水链段具有的温度和pH双响应特性,载药的自组装共聚物胶束也显示出了温度和pH双重响应的药物释放行为.     

聚硅氧烷超分子BPEAS/MAn-BPEAS的构筑及应用性能

以嵌段聚醚氨基硅(BPEAS)、马来酸酐为原料合成了羧基改性的嵌段聚醚氨基硅(MAn-BPEAS),用红外光谱(IR)对产物结构进行表征。用非离子表面活性剂异构醇聚氧乙烯醚(XL)将BPEAS与MAn-BPEAS乳化,制得外观半透明乳液。在自组装理论的指导下,将制得的乳液等质量混合进行静电自组装,得到超分子乳液。利用纳米粒度表面电位分析仪测定了自组装前后的乳液中胶束的粒径。将制得的超分子乳液应用于织物整理,并通过扫描电镜观察织物表面的膜形貌。考察了BPEAS、MAn-BPEAS及其超分子乳液在棉织物上的应用性能。     

Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束化行为及其胶束增溶

两亲性质的Pluronic嵌段共聚物在合适条件下能自发形成内核很大的稳定胶束 ,其胶束化行为复杂 ,初步的研究深化了对两亲分子自组织机理的认识。实验发现这类胶束具有很强的增溶油溶性物质的能力 ,由于这些分子单体和胶束化行为的特点 ,可望利用这类嵌段共聚物实现在增溶应用场合中的突破。综述Pluronic嵌段共聚物的胶束化行为和胶束增溶规律的当前研究进展     

PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物在水溶液中的自组装行为及其应用

聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯(PEO-PPO-PEO)嵌段共聚物是一类重要的非离子表面活性剂,在选择性溶剂中可以自组装成多种形貌的介观结构。对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物在水溶液中自组装行为进行了综述,介绍了其自组装行为的实验研究技术;阐明了嵌段共聚物构型、分子量、温度、浓度、添加剂等因素对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物聚集行为的调控和作用机理;介绍了嵌段共聚物自组装特性的热力学模型、分子模拟及计算机预报等研究方法和研究进展;重点介绍了PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物在介孔材料制备、药物载体、生物大分子分离、嵌段共聚物修饰等方面的应用。     

三嗪类液晶的研究进展

超分子聚集和纳米分离是设计和制备新型液晶功能材料的有效工具。利用氢键相互作用实现分子组装构筑超分子液晶体系已成为近年来最活跃的研究领域。具有较强电子亲和力的三嗪单元作为典型的电子受体可以作为形成氢键的理想基团。本文综述了在氢键作用下三嗪类化合物及其复合物的液晶行为研究进展。     

分子动力学模拟研究两亲聚合物与疏水纳米粒子自组装核-壳结构

基于Martini力场采用粗粒化分子动力学模拟研究了Pluronic嵌段共聚合物在疏水纳米表面自组装膜结构,考察了Pluronic嵌段共聚合物结构对自组装单分子膜结构的影响。模拟结果发现Pluronic聚合物在疏水纳米表面自组装形成了以纳米材料为核,聚合物为壳的特殊核-壳结构。聚合物的浓度和结构都会影响该壳层结构,在浓度较低时,聚合物EO嵌段卷曲地附着在疏水纳米颗粒表面,类似形成层状的壳层结构;随着浓度的提高,EO嵌段伸向溶剂相,形成星形自组装膜结构。增加Pluronic共聚物相对分子质量,吸附在纳米材料的聚合物壳层厚度也逐渐增加。随着聚合物PO摩尔的增加,吸附在纳米材料表面的PO嵌段由“S”形或“W”形吸附逐渐变成“U”形吸附。这可能因为随着聚合物浓度的提高,有限的纳米颗粒表面不足以提供足够多的吸附位点导致聚合物吸附构型转变。     

分子动力学模拟研究两亲聚合物与疏水纳米粒子自组装核-壳结构

基于Martini力场采用粗粒化分子动力学模拟研究了Pluronic嵌段共聚合物在疏水纳米表面自组装膜结构,考察了Pluronic嵌段共聚合物结构对自组装单分子膜结构的影响。模拟结果发现Pluronic聚合物在疏水纳米表面自组装形成了以纳米材料为核,聚合物为壳的特殊核-壳结构。聚合物的浓度和结构都会影响该壳层结构,在浓度较低时,聚合物EO嵌段卷曲地附着在疏水纳米颗粒表面,类似形成层状的壳层结构;随着浓度的提高,EO嵌段伸向溶剂相,形成星形自组装膜结构。增加Pluronic共聚物相对分子质量,吸附在纳米材料的聚合物壳层厚度也逐渐增加。随着聚合物PO摩尔的增加,吸附在纳米材料表面的PO嵌段由"S"形或"W"形吸附逐渐变成"U"形吸附。这可能因为随着聚合物浓度的提高,有限的纳米颗粒表面不足以提供足够多的吸附位点导致聚合物吸附构型转变。     

TiO_2纳米管在不同条件光催化降解的活性研究

本文利用阳极氧化法在纯钛片表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列膜,解决TiO2光催化剂的涂敷固定问题。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和XRD对制备TiO2纳米管阵列膜的形貌和晶体结构进行表征。结果发现,所制得的纳米管管径70～80nm,壁厚5～10nm,XRD显示经420℃热处理的TiO2纳米管为锐钛矿晶型,经500℃热处理的TiO2纳米管出现金红石晶型。以10mg·L-1的甲基橙溶液为降解物进行光催化试验,分别研究了溶液的初始pH值、TiO2纳米管阵列膜的晶型、TiO2膜的使用次数对降解率的影响。试验结果表明,当溶液初始pH值为1时,TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化性能最好,同时随着TiO2膜使用次数的增加,其光催化效果有所下降。     

Dense and vertically-aligned centimetre-long ZnS nanowire arrays: ionic liquid assisted synthesis and their field emission properties

Based on the self-ordering behavior of ionic liquids on solid surface, a gold ion containing ionic liquid was employed to obtain a uniform pattern of gold nanoparticles on Si substrate. Using this catalytic pattern, super-dense, centimetre long, well-crystallized and vertically-aligned ZnS nanowire arrays were then generated. It was found that the densely-packed gold nanoparticles played a key role in the nanowire alignment. Furthermore, the field-emission measurements show that the present ultralong ZnS nanowires arrays possess a low turn-on field of 3.69 V μm(-1) and a high field-enhancement factor of 1215.4, indicating they are valuable field emitters.     

Liquid crystal behavior of single wall carbon nanotubes

Single wall carbon nanotubes are dispersed in water with the water-soluble polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone and the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and then deposited by evaporative deposition onto degeneratively-doped silicon wafer substrates. These deposits were examined by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed highly-ordered arrays of large single wall carbon nanotube bundles. Various solution concentrations were prepared and deposition conditions were varied to determine their affect on the single wall carbon nanotube arrays. These observations were related to existing lyotropic liquid crystal theory and theories explaining the behavior of carbon nanotubes in solution, which allowed for further development and interpretation of the phase diagram which describes the behavior of single wall carbon nanotubes in lyotropic liquid crystal systems, and how competing liquid crystal systems in the same solution directly affect the ordering of the single wall carbon nanotube arrays.     

二氧化钛纳米管阵列制备和光催化降解甲基橙

采用电化学阳极氧化的方法,以氟化铵水溶液为电解液,在纯钛表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列。以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察了TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解效果。结果表明,TiO2纳米管阵列催化降解效果要好于TiO2薄膜电极,60、120和180 min时,降解率分别为56%、88%和100%;而TiO2薄膜电极的降解率分别为43%、76%和91%。在此基础上,考察了阳极氧化电压、氧化时间和焙烧温度对阳极氧化过程的影响规律。结果表明,阳极氧化电压在10～25 V,氧化时间在1～2 h,焙烧温度在500℃时所制备的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解性能最好。     

In Aqua Electrochemistry Probed by XPEEM: Experimental Setup,Examples, and Challenges

Recent developments in environmental and liquid cells equipped with electron transparent graphene windows have enabled traditional surface science spectromicroscopy tools, such as scanning X-ray photoelectron microscopy, X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM), and scanning electron microscopy to be applied for studying solid–liquid and liquid–gas interfaces. Here, we focus on the experimental implementation of XPEEM to probe electrified graphene–liquid interfaces using electrolyte-filled microchannel arrays as a new sample platform. We demonstrate the important methodological advantage of these multi-sample arrays: they combine the wide field of view hyperspectral imaging capabilities from XPEEM with the use of powerful data mining algorithms to reveal spectroscopic and temporal behaviors at the level of the individual microsample or the entire array ensemble.     

Cu掺杂二氧化钛纳米管阵列的研究

范围内,有助于提高TiO2纳米管阵列对可见光的利用效率.     

Effect of substrate on particle arrangement in arrays formed by self-assembly of polymer grafted nanoparticles

We show that the substrate affects the interparticle spacing in monolayer arrays with hexagonal order formed by self-assembly of polymer grafted nanoparticles. Remarkably, arrays with square packing were formed due to convective shearing at a liquid surface induced by miscibility of colloidal solution with the substrate.     

Fabrication inside microchannels using fluid flow

This Account summarizes techniques for carrying out microfabrication of structures with dimensions down to 10 microm in microchannels that are 0.02-2 mm wide. These methods are largely based on the exploitation of laminar flow at low Reynolds number (Re) to control the spatial delivery of reagents. These methods are illustrated by fabrication of fibers, microelectrode arrays, arrays of crystals, and patterns of proteins and cells.     

Semiconductor Nanowire Array: Potential Substrates for Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics

A novel vapor-liquid-solid epitaxy (VLSE) process has been developed to synthesize high-density semiconductor nanowire arrays. The nanowires generally are single crystalline and have diameters of 10-200 nm and aspect ratios of 10-100. The areal density of the array can readily approach 10¹⁰ cm^-2. Results based on Si and ZnO nanowire systems are reported here. Because of their single crystallinity and high surface area, these nanowire arrays could find unique applications in photocatalysis and photovoltaics.