含磷丙烯酸—AMPS共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以丙烯酸（ＡＡ）、２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）和次亚磷酸钠为单体,水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂合成了含磷丙烯酸－ＡＭＰＳ共聚物阻垢分散剂（代号ＹＳＳ－９４）。讨论了单体配比、次亚磷酸钠用量、引发剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,确定了最佳配比和工艺条件,并对产品的阻垢分散性能进行了评价。结果表明,该共聚物是一种性能优异的高效水质稳定剂。     

异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成研究

以马来酸酐(MA)和异丁烯(IB)为原料,采用自由基溶液聚合方法合成MA-IB共聚物.筛选了溶剂体系和引发剂类型,并考察了反应温度、引发剂用量和单体质量分数对聚合产物的分子质量的影响,最后研究了不同分子质量的产品对分散氧化铁性能的影响.结果表明:在单体质量分数为40％,反应温度为70℃,引发剂用量为1％的条件下合成的MA-IB产品具有较好的性能.     

CMC接枝共聚制备高吸水性树脂的研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为接枝骨架,以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体合成了CMC/AA/AM高吸水性树脂,探究了反应条件对高吸水性树脂性能的影响。结果表明在CMC用量为2g,AA为18g,AM为6g,AA中和度75%的条件下,当引发剂占单体总量2.9%,交联剂占单体用量0.025%,反应温度60℃,反应时间1.5h,该树脂吸蒸馏水倍率可达498g/g,吸0.9%NaCl水溶液可达59g/g。并研究了产品的重复吸水性能和保水性能。     

超强药片崩解剂羧甲基淀粉的合成

采用淀粉复合变性方法合成超强药片崩解剂羧甲基淀粉（ Ｃ Ｍ Ｓ）。考察了氯乙酸、碱和交联剂用量对取代度（ Ｄ Ｓ）的影响,交联剂用量和取代度与溶胀率的联系,以及溶胀率与崩解性的关系。实验证明,溶胀性能与崩解性能并没有一定的关系,超强崩解剂 Ｃ Ｍ Ｓ的取代度应控制在０．１５～０．３５ 之间,溶胀率宜限制在３５ ｍ Ｌ·ｇ－ １以内。     

AA／AMPS二元共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯酸,２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙磺酸为原料,合成了ＡＡ／ＡＭＰＳ二元共聚物;探讨了单体配比,引发剂用量,反应温度,分子了量调节用量对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,并对其阻垢性能进行了评定,结果表明,ＡＡ／ＡＭＰＳ具有优异的阻垢性能。     

负载催化法制备环保型水处理剂聚环氧琥珀酸的研究

以介孔分子筛负载催化剂钨酸钠,催化合成环氧琥珀酸,以组合引发剂引发环氧琥珀酸盐聚合反应得到环保型水处理剂聚环氧琥珀酸(盐)(PESA)溶液,并按照国家标准对合成的水处理剂给予评价。考查了体系p H值、反应温度、引发剂用量等因素对聚环氧琥珀酸(盐)阻垢性能的影响。实验结果表明,当p H值为7左右,反应温度为65℃时,ESA的产率达到最大。当引发剂用量为1.25g,聚合反应温度为95℃,反应时间为4h时,PESA具有良好的阻垢性能。PESA经阻垢性能的评价,阻碳酸钙垢达98.12%。     

基于高分子量聚醚大单体常温 合成聚羧酸减水剂试验研究

采用分子量为3 000的甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚（HPEG）为合成聚醚大单体,分别研究了酸谜比、合成起始温度及链转移剂用量对聚羧酸减水剂性能的影响。通过净浆流动度、混凝土坍落度以及扩展度为指标进行测试,结果表明,当设计体系酸谜比为4.35,合成温度区间为15~25℃,链转移剂用量为单体总量的1.75%,H2O2用量为单体总质量的0.8%时合成样品性能较好,HPEG3000合成聚羧酸减水剂初始分散性及保持能力较强,对比HPEG2400合成的聚羧酸减水剂有明显性能优势。     

AA／AMPS二元共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯酸（ＡＡ）,２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙磺酸为原料,合成了ＡＡ／ＡＭＰＳ二元共聚物,探讨了单体配比,引发剂用量,反应温度等对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,并对其阻垢性能进行了评定。结果表明,ＡＡ／ＡＭＰＳ共聚物具有优异的阻碳酸钙垢和磷酸钙垢的性能。     

半干法合成崩解剂羧甲基淀粉

采用半干法合成药片崩解剂羧甲基淀粉（ＣＭＳ）。考察了碱和一氯乙酸用量对ＣＭＳ取代度（ＤＳ）的影响；考察了ＤＳ和Ｈ／Ｎａ（ＣＭＳ中游离羧基和成盐羧基比值）改变对ＣＭＳ吸水溶胀性能和崩解性能的影响，应用红外光谱、Ｘ－射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法探索ＣＭＳ结构与性能的关系。     

AA／AMPS共聚物水稳定剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸（ＡＡ）、２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）为原料,水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了ＡＡ／ＡＭＰＳ二元共聚物,研究了单体配比、反应温度、引发剂用量等与共聚物阻垢性能的关系,确定了最佳配比和工艺条件,并对产品的阻垢性能进行了评定。     

Rate constants of reactions of carboxymethylcellulose with hydrated electron, hydroxyl radical and the decay of CMC macroradicals. A pulse radiolysis study

The method of pulse radiolysis was used to study radiation-induced transformations of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) of various degree of substitution (DS) in aqueous solution. The kinetics of the reactions of intermediate products of water radiolysis with this polymer indicated that hydroxyl radicals react very rapidly with the CMC, i.e. the rate constant is about 1×10⁹ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ and independent of the DS of the CMC. On the other hand, the hydrated electron can be practically neglected as a precursor for macroradicals formation since its reaction rate constant with CMC is low, i.e. 4.0-5.0×10⁶ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. As the result of OH radicals attack on the CMC, radicals on the main-chain, as well as on side groups (carboxymethyl) are formed. Environmental conditions determine the life-time of macroradicals, typically tens of minutes were detected. Most importantly, the pH level of the solution was observed to determine the preferential reaction pathway. Lowering the pH led to increased macroradicals recombination and gel formation.     

CMC和AA／AM三元共聚高吸水树脂的研究

以N, N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)-丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酸(AA)为原料进行共聚合成了高吸水树脂,研究了单体、中和度、交联剂等因素对产品吸水性能的影响.     

纤维素醚经N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺交联制备高吸水材料的研究

研究了羧甲基纤维素经 N—羟甲基丙烯酰胺交联制取高吸水材料的工艺方法和产品性能,讨论了产品结构、交联度、溶剂用量对吸附性能的影响,解释了该吸水材料对水和生理盐水的吸附机理。研究表明,本工艺方法可制取水吸附保持值200～260ml/g,生理盐水吸附保持值为60～67ml/g 的产品。     

新型环保固体胶的研制与性能研究

用水性环氧树脂(自制)改性羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC),硬脂钠为赋型剂、乙二醇为保湿剂制备出粘接性好的新型环保固体胶。通过探索实验条件,初步确定配方中各因素的种类及用量,然后采用响应面法优化配方中主要因素用量对固体胶性能的影响。实验结果表明:羧甲基纤维素钠用量为3.23%,水性环氧树脂在29.89%,硬脂酸钠用量为2.03%,水为55%,乙二醇为10%,反应温度80℃时制得的无毒固体胶成型好、粘结能力强,可用于常见的纸张粘结及纸箱包装等。     

Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal BN-based aerogels for absorbing oils

Porous oil absorbents have been extensively studied in recent years. Boron nitride (BN) is an ideal inorganic material to withstand severe absorption conditions due to its excellent inertness and high-temperature resistance. A large challenge of BN aerogels is their high preparation costs due to requiring high temperatures and dangerous atmospheres. A facial synthesis of h-BN-based aerogels by the cast-freezing method is reported here, which has the advantages of producing a light and recyclable material (~0.035 g/ml) at a low cost and with low energy consumption. In this work, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used as the compounder to interact with BN and form an aerogel that has controllable porosity (38–86 μm) and hydrophobicity (~140°). The porous structure, components, and reaction mechanisms are analyzed by SEM, XRD, mercury porosimetry, etc.. The pore distributions can be controlled by the concentrations of CMC and crosslinking agents. The intercalation effect on BN is carried out by CMC, which increases the specific surface area. Finally, the oil absorption performances are measured. The oil absorption capacity is up to 31.55 g/g (~97% ml/ml) because of the high specific surface area of the prepared material; additionally, the capacity of this material shows no obvious decrease after 6 cycles. Therefore, h-BN-based aerogels are expected to be applied in the oil absorption field and have the potential to be applied in the biochemical and nuclear fields.     

Preparation of hybridizing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with carboxymethylcellulose for adsorption separation of n-hexane/3-methylpentane

A novel ZIF-8-CMC hybrid material was fabricated from the hybridization of ZIF-8 and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by impregnation method for n-hexane/3-methylpentane separation. The surface properties of ZIF-8 were tailored by introducing CMC into ZIF-8 nanoparticles. In this work, adsorption separation of n-hexane (nHEX) and 3-methylpentane (3MP) on ZIF-8-CMC were investigated by batch vapor-phase adsorption and liquid-phase breakthrough adsorption. The adsorption selectivity of nHEX/3MP reversed from preferable adsorption of nHEX to preferable adsorption of 3MP upon the increasing of CMC containing in the hybrid materials. As the temperature increases, the adsorption amounts of nHEX and 3MP decrease. With the increasing of CMC contents, the nHEX uptake decreased, the uptake capacity of 3MP increased gradually. For liquid-phase breakthrough adsorption, the dynamic adsorption capacity of nHEX also decreased with the increasing of temperature.     

Influence of oil phase concentration on droplet size distribution and stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oil phase concentration, at different emulsification conditions concerning homogenization time and emulsifier content, on droplet size distribution and stability of corn oil‐in‐water emulsions. Emulsions were prepared with 3, 5, 10, and 20% w/w triethanolamine oleate (calculated on oil amount), 0.53% w/w carboxymethylcellulose (calculated on water amount), and 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40% w/w oil, and homogenized 5, 10, 20, and 60 min. It was found that increase in oil phase concentration led to decrease in specific surface area and increase in polydispersity of emulsion at lower emulsifier concentration and less intense homogenization. At emulsifier concentrations ≤10% and homogenization time ranges of 20–60 min the non‐monotonous variation in droplet size parameters with oil concentration was observed, as a result of the interaction between triethanolamine oleate and carboxymethylcellulose, which were confirmed by viscosity measurements. However, at emulsifier concentration of 20% an increase in specific surface area and decrease in polydispersity with the increase in oil concentration occurred due to an increase in equilibrium concentration of emulsifier in the continuous phase. Further, influence of oil concentration on emulsion creaming stability was found to be independent on emulsifier concentration and homogenization time. Therefore, a decrease in creaming with increase in oil concentration was observed in all the examined triethanolamine oleate (TEAO) concentration and homogenization time ranges. Practical applications: Emulsions are colloidal systems which can be encountered in different industrial sectors, such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, oil industry, etc. Determination of the droplet size of emulsion is probably the most important way of their characterization, since it influences the properties of emulsion such as rheology, texture, shelf life stability, appearance, taste, etc. The size of the droplets depends on a wide range of parameters. One of them is certainly the concentration of the oil phase. However, since the impact of one parameter is often influenced with the intensity of the other variable involved in the emulsion generation, the aim of the present work was to examine the effect of corn oil concentration on droplet size parameters and stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions at different emulsification conditions. Therefore a step toward creation of emulsions with desired final properties was made.     

Diffusional System Based on Tolazoline Hydrochloride Included in a Reticulated Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogel

This paper presents a diffusional system consisting of tolazoline hydrochloride included into a carboxymethylcellulose based hydrogel, showing a high swelling capacity in water. The process kinetics of the drug inclusion into hydrogel as well as of the drug releasing have been studied. The tolazoline hydrochloride release was performed by elution with a simulated biological fluid within the digestive tract, at the small intestine level (pH = 8.2) where the drug is mostly absorbed. The results make evident a zero-order kinetics over the 30–400 min range, which would place the system among those with ‘sustained’ release, with obvious advantages compared with the classical drug administration.     

Use of Carbopol 980 and carboxymethyl cellulose polymers as rheology modifiers of sodium-bentonite water dispersions

The effects of polymer addition on the rheological parameters of sodium bentonite water dispersions at ambient conditions were studied using high molecular mass carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Carbopol 980. Adsorption isotherms using the batch equilibrium technique of the polymers onto the bentonite particles were Langmuir isotherms of the L1 type, indicating monolayer adsorption of the polymers onto the surface of the bentonite particles. The aqueous dispersions of 3% and 4% sodium bentonite exhibited Herschel–Bulkley rheological behavior. Addition of CMC up to 1.5% by mass to the 3% sodium bentonite dispersions decreased the yield stress and the flow consistency index because of the steric effects caused by the adsorption of the polymer. This state was then followed by a plateau of the yield stress and a considerable increase of the flow consistency index, indicating that after a particular polymer concentration, further addition merely increased the liquid viscosity of the mixture. The flow behavior index was not affected by CMC addition. Addition of Carbopol 980 to the 3% and 4% sodium bentonite dispersions up to 0.15% by mass again firstly decreased the yield stress and the flow consistency index, then increased the yield stress and the flow consistency index with increasing polymer concentration. The high shear viscosity of bentonite–Carbopol dispersions showed also a minimum followed by a drastic increase. The flow behavior index was not affected significantly by the polymer addition.     

微波辐射CMC-g-PAMPS/APT高吸水树脂的制备及表征

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,凹凸棒黏土(APT)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为复合组分,采用微波辐射方法制备了CMC-g-PAMPS/APT环境友好复合高吸水性树脂,探讨了合成该树脂适宜的反应条件,并利用FTIR对树脂的结构进行了表征。结果表明,APT和CMC参与了接枝共聚反应;适宜的合成条件下,树脂在去离子水和生理盐水中的吸水倍率分别为834 g/g和78 g/g;树脂的吸水倍率随盐溶液浓度和金属离子价态的升高快速下降;在树脂中引入适量的APT能显著提高树脂的吸水倍率、耐盐性能和pH稳定性。