蛭石的有机化及其对PCTG性能的影响

采用苄基三苯基氯化磷对蛭石(VMT)进行有机改性，制备有机蛭石(O-VMT)，以二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PCTG)为基体材料，通过熔融挤出制备PCTG/O-VMT复合材料，分析O-VMT添加量对PCTG性能的影响。结果表明：与VMT相比，O-VMT对PCTG性能的提高效果更好。随着O-VMT添加量的增加，PCTG/O-VMT的弯曲模量、热变形温度(HDT)、维卡软化点温度(VST)、热分解温度和尺寸稳定性逐渐提升，拉伸强度和弯曲强度先增大后减少。当O-VMT的添加量为4.0%,PCTG/O-VMT-4.0的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别为48.2、70.6和2 264 MPa，相比PCTG分别提高6.9%、7.8%和22.4%。相比PCTG,PCTG/O-VMT-7.0在水平和垂直方向的模后收缩率分别降低54.4%和56.8%,HDT和VST分别上升11.7%和9.6%,700℃残炭率、起始分解温度(T_5%)和最大分解温度(T_max)分别提高7.25%、28℃和21.20℃。     

云母对聚乳酸热性能的影响

利用转矩流变仪将聚乳酸(PLA)与云母(Mica)熔融共混,制得复合材料(PLA/Mica)。利用热失重仪(TGA)和维卡软化温度仪(VST)仪测试热分解温度和热变形温度,来表征PLA热性能随云母含量变化而变化的情况。结果表明,添加云母后,PLA热稳定性降低,热分解温度随着云母含量的增加而降低;同时,添加云母后PLA耐热变形温度增加,其中云母含量5%的复合材料的维卡软化温度为72.5℃,与纯PLA的64.5℃相比,提高了8℃;在铝酸酯偶联剂DL411、硅烷偶联剂KH-550、KH-560、KH-570四种偶联剂中,偶联剂KH-550表面处理后云母和PLA共混制得的复合材料具有相对较好的热稳定性和热变形温度。     

增韧剂对废聚苯乙烯的力学性能、HDT、VST及尺寸稳定性的影响

研究了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)和高胶粉对废电视机后壳料聚苯乙烯(F-PS)的力学性能、尺寸稳定性、热变形温度(HDT)和维卡软化点温度(VST)的影响,结果表明:SBS和高胶粉在F-PS中有协同增韧作用,在F-PS中复配加入w=6%的SBS和w=2%的高胶粉时,材料的缺口冲击强度从4.5 kJ/m^(2)提高到7.6 kJ/m^(2),增加量为3.1 kJ/m^(2),比单独添加w=8%的SBS的缺口冲击强度(6.9 kJ/m^(2))高0.7 kJ/m^(2),伸长率从28.6%提高到36.7%,增加量为8.1个百分点;高胶粉和SBS都可提高F-PS的尺寸稳定性,但会使F-PS的HDT和VST降低。     

界面改性对聚乳酸/Lyocell纤维复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/Lyocell纤维复合材料,并通过力学性能、差示扫描量热仪、维卡软化温度及扫描电子显微镜等研究了硅烷偶联剂（KH550）和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HMDI）对复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,与KH550相比,HMDI界面改性的效果较佳;随着偶联剂HMDI含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能呈现先增后减的趋势,当其含量为1 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的维卡软化温度较未添加偶联剂时提高了5.1 ℃,且拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度也比未添加HMDI时分别提高了57.1 %、10.5 %、32.3 %、19.5 %和23.7 %。     

相容剂对UHMW-PE/OMMT复合材料耐热性的影响

在填料有机纳米蒙脱土(OMMT)含量不变的条件下,采用挤出成型的方式,制备了UHMW-PE/OMMT复合材料。分析了不同含量的马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH)作为相容剂对复合材料耐热性的影响,并通过多元共聚反应型SW600相容剂和偶联剂KH560处理填料,分析了其对复合材料耐热性的影响。实验结果表明,在OMMT添加量一定的条件下,随着HDPE-g-MAH含量的增加,复合材料的热变形温度、维卡软化温度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,当HDPE-g-MAH含量达到3%时,复合材料的热变形温度与维卡软化温度达到最大,分别为133.1℃与135.2℃。使用SW600相容剂或偶联剂KH560处理填料虽然也能够提高复合材料的热变形温度与维卡软化温度。但是,HDPEg-MAH作为相容剂,能够有效提升复合材料的耐热性。     

废纸基电路板非金属材料性质及其复合材料性能

利用电镜扫描、X射线荧光光谱和红外光谱分析废纸基PCBs非金属粉以及对复合材料力学性能和热性能测试,研究了废纸基PCBs非金属粉性质及对复合材料性能的影响,结果表明:废纸基PCBs中含少量玻璃纤维,绝大多数是树脂聚合物,颗粒表面存在羟基、羰基、缩醛基、硅醇基等官能团,是极性材料;非金属粉经改性后与基体PP混合表现出很好的相容性,有效提高复合材料弯曲强度和维卡软化温度(VST),增加复合材料的阻燃性能;复合材料弯曲强度随非金属粉添加量增加而增大,0.08cm(180目)非金属粉添加量30%时可提高弯曲强度9.1MPa,VST约提高2℃;小颗粒非金属粉有利于复合材料性能改善,可作为填料制作PP复合材料。     

硅烷偶联剂改性凹凸棒土对PVC/ABS合金性能影响

研究了经硅烷偶联剂(KH550)湿法和干法改性后的凹凸棒土对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)合金力学性能及维卡软化温度的影响,利用SEM观察了合金的冲击断面微观形貌和凹凸棒土的分散情况.结果表明:经KH550干法改性后的凹凸棒土对合金力学性能的影响要好于湿法改性和未改性的;经KH550湿法改性处理的凹凸棒土对合金维卡软化温度有较大的提高,当凹凸棒土添加量为70份时维卡软化温度可以达到99.3℃.     

玄武岩纤维增强高密度聚乙烯的力学性能

玄武岩纤维(BF)未经改性处理和经硅烷偶联剂(KH–550和KH–570)进行处理后,添加到高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)基体树脂中,增强PE–HD的力学性能,用傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对硅烷偶联剂处理的BF进行表征,同时,用SEM观察BF增强PE–HD复合材料的拉伸断面。结果表明,随着未经改性处理BF添加量增加,PE–HD复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度逐渐提高,当添加量达到30%时,拉伸强度达到45.5 MPa,提升79.1%;弯曲强度达到41.3 MPa,提升118.9%。经KH–550和KH–570处理的BF添加量达到20%时,PE–HD复合材料的拉伸强度均达到45 MPa以上,其后随着BF添加量继续增加,拉伸强度变化不大,而弯曲强度随BF添加量的增加逐渐增大。当BF添加量达到30%时,BF改性与否对PE–HD复合材料的力学性能的影响不大。当改性BF添加量为5%~15%时,KH–550改性的PE–HD复合材料的力学性能较KH–570改性的高;当改性BF添加量为20%,25%时,KH–570改性的PE–HD复合材料的力学性能较KH–550改性的高。     

不同硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯/凹凸棒土复合材料性能的影响

分别以硅烷偶联剂Si69、Si75、KH550和NXT对凹凸棒土(ATT)进行表面处理,再采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/ATT复合材料。通过力学性能测试、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了硅烷偶联剂种类和ATT用量对复合材料拉伸强度、简支梁缺口冲击强度、熔体质量流动速率(MFR)、维卡软化温度、微观形态和结晶性能的影响。结果表明:随着ATT用量的增加,PP/ATT复合材料的拉伸强度、简支梁缺口冲击强度和MFR呈现先升后降的趋势,维卡软化温度则随之升高;ATT经偶联剂表面处理后,其在PP基体中的分散效果有较大改善,同时有效促进了复合材料中PP的结晶;另外,4种硅烷偶联剂中,NXT的改性效果最佳。     

表面活化对粉煤灰/PVC复合材料力学性能的影响

为了研究粉煤灰在聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料中对其他无机填料的可替代性,比较了硅烷偶联剂(KH550,KH570)和硬脂酸(SA)表面活化粉煤灰后,在不同填充量下,对PVC复合材料力学性能的影响,并且,利用SEM对粉煤灰/PVC复合材料的微观形貌进行表征。研究结果表明,随着粉煤灰含量的增加,PVC复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均降低,但是,热变形温度增大;KH550活化处理后的粉煤灰/PVC复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度与SA改性的复合材料相比较好,而SA活化表面处理后的复合材料的断裂伸长率和冲击强度与硅烷偶联剂改性的复合材料相比较好。为粉煤灰资源化利用提供了新方向。     

Preparation and properties of epoxy/BN highly thermal conductive composites reinforced with SiC whisker

A simple method is reported to increase the thermal conductivity and improve the poor mechanical properties caused by high filler loadings of epoxy composites, simultaneously. Epoxy composites were prepared with micro‐boron nitride (BN) and silicon carbon whisker (SiCw) chemically treated by 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and 3‐glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560), respectively. Effects of surface modification of BN particles on the thermal conductivity and flexural strength of epoxy/BN composites were investigated. About 3% SiCw particles grafted with KH560 were incorporated into composites with BN grafted with KH550, which led to about 13.8–17.8% increase of the flexural strength as well as a marginal improvement of the thermal conductivity of composites, and they possessed good dielectric properties. In addition, dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that the storage modulus of composites increased significantly with the addition of fillers, while the glass transition temperature exhibited a slight decrease. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2611–2621, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Studies on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Foamed Wood-Polymer Composites

Wood flour-polypropylene foamed composites, in ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 (wt./wt.), were prepared with and without maleic anhydride treatment of wood flour and maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAgPP). The effects of the amount of wood flour and its treatment on the morphology, the mechanical properties, and the thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Vicat softening temperatures (VST) were recorded as 112.9°C, 103.2°C, and 96.2°C for MAgPP wood flour (MPP), maleic anhydride-treated wood flour (MWF), and untreated wood flour (UWF) (40:60 wt./wt.) foamed composites, respectively. The heat distortion temperatures (HDT) were measured to be 80°C, 76°C, and 58°C for the respective composites. DSC thermograms showed an increase in the crystallinity of MPP and MWF composites with an increase in the ratio of wood flour in the composite, whereas the opposite trend was observed in untreated wood flour. Except for impact strength and flexural strength, Young's modulus, flexural modulus, and hardness all increased with an increase in wood flour content. The micrographs confirmed the foaming. The improvement in the properties of the composites is due to the increment in interfacial bonding between polymer and wood flour, which is caused by the compatibilizers.     

表面处理对可生物降解黄麻/PLA复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用注塑成型法制备了生物降解黄麻短纤维增强PLA复合材料,通过力学性能测试及SEM,探讨了碱处理、碱和硅烷偶联剂KH550同时处理对复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明:两种处理方法均能够增加黄麻纤维的表面粗糙度,但碱和偶联剂KH550同时处理的效果要优于碱处理,且KH550改善了黄麻短纤维与PLA树脂之间的界面黏结性能提,高了黄麻/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度。     

玻璃纤维布/苎麻纤维布混杂增强不饱和聚酯树脂的研究

采用玻璃纤维布与苎麻纤维布混杂增强不饱和聚酯(UP)树脂制备复合材料,研究玻纤布与苎麻布的相对比例及偶联剂处理对复合材料力学性能的影响,研究了不同复合材料的吸水性并与玻璃纤维复合材料和苎麻纤维复合材料二者进行了比较。结果表明,混杂纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量随混杂纤维中苎麻布含量的增加而下降,弯曲强度及弯曲模量在混杂纤维中苎麻布与玻纤布的比例为10∶20和15∶15时分别达到最大值188.09 MPa和1.56 GPa;所有偶联剂处理均可明显改善复合材料的拉伸模量及弯曲模量,硅烷类偶联剂的效果更佳,NDZ401可使复合材料的拉伸强度得到最大幅度(37.66%)的提高,而KH570及NDZ401对改善弯曲强度效果最佳;复合材料吸水后,厚度变化率大于宽度变化率,温度升高,复合材料吸水后尺寸变化率及吸水率均增大,混杂纤维复合材料的吸水率与玻纤布复合材料的吸水率相近,远低于苎麻布复合材料的吸水率。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of ABS and leather waste composites

To determine the possibility of using leather waste as reinforcing filler in the thermoplastic polymer composite, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) as the matrix and leather buffing powder as reinforcing filler were used to prepare a particulate reinforced composite to determine testing data for the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites, according to the filler loading in respect to thermoplastic polymer. The ABS and leather powder composites were prepared by the extrusion of ABS with 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 wt % of leather powder in corotating twin screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make specimens. These specimens were tested for physicomechanical properties like tensile and flexural strengths, tensile and flexural modulus, Izod and charpy impact strength, abrasion resistance, Rockwell hardness, density, Heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening point (VSP), water absorption, and thermal degradation analysis. The incorporation of leather waste powder does not affect the tensile, flexural strengths, Izod impact strength, abrasion resistance, Rockwell hardness, density, HDT and VSP values drastically. However, the tensile modulus, tensile elongation, and charpy impact strength values are reduced significantly. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3062–3066, 2006     

3D打印PLA/麦秸粉复合材料的力学性能优化

将聚乳酸(PLA)作为基体,麦秸粉作为增强体,通过挤出成型工艺制备用于熔融沉积成型3D打印的木塑复合材料。采用正交试验设计的方法,通过对复合材料的力学性能进行测试,探索最佳的制备工艺。结果表明,随着麦秸粉平均粒径的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度出现先上升后下降的趋势,当平均粒径为120μm时,弯曲强度与冲击强度分别达到60.51 MPa,12.84 k J/m~2;麦秸粉的含量在1%时,复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度达到最大值,分别为62.87 MPa,12.72 k J/m~2;硅烷偶联剂KH550的加入会提高复合材料的力学性能,对冲击强度的作用效果强于弯曲强度,当KH550的添加量为8%时,冲击强度达到12.90 k J/m~2;马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯相容剂(MAPP)的添加会使复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度先上升后下降,当MAPP含量为1%时,复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度分别为62.68 MPa,11.91 k J/m~2,达到最大值。     

成核剂对超微细滑石粉／聚丙烯共混物性能的影响

研究了α和β成核剂对滑石粉／聚丙烯共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明：α成核剂可以提高材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和硬度等,冲击强度略有下降,而β成核剂使其韧性明显增强;α和β成核剂的加入皆使复合体系的耐热性显著提高,与β成核剂相比,β成核剂更能提高共混物的热变形温度。     

UPR/苎麻布/碱式硫酸镁晶须复合材料Ⅰ——偶联剂处理晶须对复合材料力学性能的影响

选用钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ101、NDZ401和硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH570分别对碱式硫酸镁晶须进行预处理,采用模压工艺制备不饱和聚酯树脂/苎麻布/碱式硫酸镁晶须复合材料,研究了偶联剂加入比例对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:除了KH570外,其他几种偶联剂均可保持或提高复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度;除了NDZ101之外,其他几种偶联剂均可提高复合材料的弯曲强度,当选用2%的KH550进行处理时,复合材料的弯曲强度最高,达到104.78 MPa,较未经偶联剂处理的复合材料的弯曲强度(95.18 MPa)提高了10.09%;利用硅烷类偶联剂处理晶须,对复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲模量的改善效果优于钛酸酯类偶联剂;偶联剂处理不能改变复合材料脆性断裂的性质。     

Effect of silane KH‐550 to polypropylene/brucite composite

The effect of the KH‐550 type silane coupling agent on the properties of polypropylene (PP)/brucite (BC) composite was studied. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and polarization optical microscope indicated that morphology structure of PP changed with the addition of KH‐550, which activated the heterogeneous nucleation centers on BC surface, which made the distribution of the spherulite diameter become narrow and uniform, and improved the dispersibility of BC in the matrix. Therefore, KH‐550 enhanced the interfacial adhesion of matrix‐filler and improved the compatibility of the PP/BC composite, when KH‐550's content was 2.9% the tensile strength and impact strength increased approximately by 90% and by 30%, respectively than PP/BC. Flow tests and IR proved that some reactions took place between BC and KH‐550. All the investigations showed KH‐550 was a proper coupling agent in the PP/BC composite. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008