高比表面积煤基活性炭的制备及其吸附性能的研究

以太西无烟煤为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用化学活化法制备高比表面积煤基活性炭,着重考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明：当碱炭比为4、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为1h时,可以制得比表面积达3215m^2／g,碘吸附值达2884mg／g,亚甲蓝吸附值达548mg／g的高比表面积煤基活性炭。     

废弃辣椒秸秆高比表面积活性炭的制备及表征

以废弃的辣椒秸秆为原料,KOH为活化剂,制备高比表面积活性炭,研究了碱炭比、活化温度、炭化温度及活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,活性炭制备的最佳工艺条件为:碱炭比为3∶1,活化温度为700℃,炭化温度为450℃,活化时间为40 min。在此条件下,制得的活性炭碘吸附值2 356.40 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值41.3 mL/0.1 g,BET比表面积为2 432.135 m2/g,Langmuir比表面积高达3 270.478 m2/g,吸附总孔容为2.064 cm3/g,平均孔径为3.246 nm。SEM和XRD观察发现,辣椒秆活性炭呈不定形态,具有丰富和发达的蜂窝状孔隙结构。     

KOH活化法制备气化稻壳活性炭及其吸附性能

以气化稻壳炭(GRHC)为原料，KOH为活化剂制备活性炭，研究了不同活化温度和碱炭比对活性炭得率、比表面积、孔径分布以及碘值的影响。利用全自动气体吸附分析仪、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜等仪器对活性炭的理化性质进行表征，并通过吸附等温线、吸附动力学探讨其对甲基橙的吸附机制。结果表明：活化时间为1 h时，随着活化温度和碱炭比的增加，活性炭得率逐渐下降，比表面积和碘吸附值呈先增加后减少的趋势；气化稻壳炭制备活性炭的最佳工艺为碱炭比2：1、活化温度800℃、活化时间1 h，此条件下制备的活性炭得率41.73%、比表面积1 829.09 m²/g，总孔容1.007 cm³/g、碘吸附值1 984.85 mg/g、甲基橙饱和吸附量为217.87 mg/g。气化稻壳活性炭对甲基橙的吸附过程与Langmuir和Freundlich模型相关性都良好(R²>0.99)，吸附动力学更加符合准二级动力学模型。     

物理-化学耦合活化法制煤基活性炭

以神府3#煤为原料,氢氧化钾为化学活化剂,水蒸气为物理活化剂,探讨了物理-化学耦合活化法制备煤基活性炭的工艺条件和耦合活化机理,考察了氢氧化钾与煤的浸渍比、活化温度及总活化时间对活性炭性能的影响.结果表明,当活化温度为700 ℃,碱渍比为0.5,活化时间为60 min时,活性炭的性能较好,碘吸附值为837 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为409 mg/g, BET比表面积943 m2/g,总孔容积达0.31 cm3/g,煤副产氢气约58 mmol/g.     

煤基活性炭制备工艺对吸附铜离子性能的影响

高硫高灰煤脱灰脱硫预处理后采用KOH活化法制备活性炭.考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间以及灰分、硫分含量和表面活性剂等对制备的活性炭吸附铜离子的影响.结果表明,在活化温度为820℃,活化时间为1.5h,碱炭比为2.5的条件下制得活性炭比表面积为1 004.5m2/g,铜离子去除率为67.8%;煤中灰分的脱除和添加表面活性剂有利于提高活性炭的吸附性能,但脱硫煤基活性炭吸附性能降低.     

油茶壳微孔活性炭的制备及表征

以油茶壳为原料，经炭化、KOH活化，制备微孔活性炭。考查了活化温度、活化时间和碱炭比对微孔活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响，并采用正交试验优化了制备条件。研究结果表明：活化温度800℃、活化时间180 min、碱炭质量比3.5：1时，活性炭的碘吸附值达3 221 mg/g，产率51.2%。采用比表面积孔隙分析仪测定了氮气吸附/脱附等温线，计算得BET比表面积为1 755.72 m²/g，平均孔径为2.15 nm，总孔容为0.328 cm³/g，微孔孔容占总孔容的55.8%；SEM分析可见活性炭表面具有大量孔隙结构；FT-IR分析表明活化促进了—CH₃、—OH热解，活性炭中仍保存含氧官能团。     

七台河无烟煤与鸡西褐煤配煤制备煤基活性炭的研究

本研究以七台河无烟煤、鸡西褐煤配合为原料,以KOH为活化剂用化学活化法在氮气保护下制备煤基活性炭,通过正交实验法确定配煤制备煤基活性炭最佳工艺。结果表明:无烟煤/褐煤=1:1,碱炭比为1:2,活化时间为2h,活化温度为800℃条件下,煤基活性炭的碘吸附值达到1209mg/g,比表面积为909.748m~2/g。采用XRD和SEM对煤基活性炭形貌进行了表征,发现表面粗糙,出现了层状和片状结构,形成了较多的孔隙,微孔比较发达。     

石莼基微/中孔复合结构活性炭的制备及性能

以海洋海藻废弃物石莼为原料,通过热解预炭化,KOH活化制备活性炭。以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为吸附性能评价指标,探究了活化工艺对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当KOH与石莼半焦质量比(碱炭比)为3.0∶1.0、活化时间为45 min、活化温度为800℃时,活性炭吸附性能最优,其碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值最大,分别为1824.19 mg/g、914.98 mg/g。FTIR测试表明,活性炭含有大量羟基等官能团。SEM测试表明,活性炭表面粗糙、存在大量孔结构。活性炭的BET比表面积为2616.3 m2/g,Langmuir比表面积高达4883.5 m2/g,平均孔径为2.73 nm。石莼基活性炭的孔结构为微/中孔复合结构,有作为储能、环保材料的潜质。     

KOH活化丝瓜络制备高比表面积活性炭

为了探讨以丝瓜络为原料制备高比表面积活性炭的最佳条件,通过设计正交实验,研究了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间和升温速率等因素对KOH活化丝瓜络制备活性炭性能的影响。结果表明：KOH活化丝瓜络制备活性炭的最佳条件为：碱炭比为4、活化温度800 ℃,活化时间30 min,升温速率10 ℃/ min。在此条件下制备的活性炭为多孔、非晶型的无定形碳,具有高的比表面积（3545 m2/g）和强的吸附性能,其碘值和亚甲基蓝值分别达到2926 mg/g和528.58 mg/g;为丝瓜络的高值化利用提供了一条有价值的途径。     

氢氧化钠活化法制备木炭基活性炭

以木质炭化料为原料,NaOH为活化剂,制备活性炭。讨论了活化温度、碱炭比、保温时间对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着活化温度、碱炭比和保温时间的增加活性炭的活化程度增加,活性炭的得率不断下降;随着活化温度、碱炭比和保温时间的延长,活性炭的吸附性能先上升后下降。在较佳工艺条件下,活化温度850℃,碱炭比为1. 0∶1. 0,保温时间1. 0 h下活性炭的碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为814. 7 mg/g和127. 5 mg/g。     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons for SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption from Taixi anthracite by physical activation with steam

Taixi anthracite was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbons (AC) for SO₂ adsorption from flue gas. In this work the activated carbons were prepared by physical activation with steam. Specifically, the effects of activation temperature and burn-off degree on the physico-chemical properties of the resulting AC samples were comparatively studied. The different types of pore volumes, pore size distributions and surface chemistries of the activated carbons on the SO₂ adsorption were also analyzed. The results show that the increasing burn-off leads to samples with continuous evolution of all types of pores except ultramicropore. The ultramicropore volume increases to a maximum of 0.169 cm³/g at around 50% burn-off and then decreases for 850 °C activation. At higher activation temperature, the micropore volume decreases and the mesopore structure develops to a certain extent. For all the resulting AC samples, the quantities of the basic surface sites always appear much higher than the amount of the acidic sites. The activated carbon prepared with higher micropore volume, smaller median pore diameter and higher quantities of the basic surface sites represents better SO₂ sorption property.     

NaOH催化水蒸气活化制煤基活性炭和氢气

在NaOH的催化作用下,通过水蒸气活化法制备了神府煤基活性炭和H2。探讨了NaOH/煤质量比、活化时间、活化温度等工艺条件对活性炭性能和H2产量的影响。结果表明,在活化温度为700℃,NaOH/煤质量比为0.5,单元活化时间为10 min的工艺条件下,可以制得碘值为635 mg/g,亚甲基蓝值为280 mg/g的活性炭,此时H2产量约17.9 mmol/g煤。     

Preparation of activated carbon derived from Jatropha curcas fruit shell by simple thermo-chemical activation and characterization of their physico-chemical properties

High surface area activated carbons were prepared by simple thermo-chemical activation of Jatropha curcas fruit shell with NaOH as a chemical activating agent. The effects of the preparation variables, which were impregnation ratio (NaOH:char), activation temperature and activation time, on the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue solution were investigated. The activated carbon which had the highest iodine and methylene blue numbers was obtained by these conditions as follows: 4:1 (w/w) NaOH to char ratio, 800 °C activation temperature and 120 min activation time. Characterization of the activated carbon obtained was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nitrogen adsorption isotherm as BET. The results present that the activated carbon possesses a large apparent surface area (S_BET = 1873 m²/g) and high total pore volume (1.312 cm³/g) with average pore size diameter of 28.0 Å.     

高比表面积煤质活性炭的制备与活化机理

以煤为原料,采用KOH活化法制备了高比表面积活性炭,分别考察了活化温度、浸渍比和活化时间等工艺参数对活性炭吸附性能的影响;测试了高比表面积活性炭在-196℃对N₂的吸附等温线、比表面积和孔径分布。结果表明,当活化工艺参数为活化温度900℃,浸渍比4,活化时间1.5 h的条件下可以制得较好的高比表面积活性炭产品,其比表面积为3135 m²·g^-1,孔容为1.72 cm³·g^-1,碘吸附值为2657 mg·g^-1;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了高比表面积活性炭的微观结构,采用气体分析仪检测了活化过程中的尾气成分,提出了高比表面积活性炭的活化机理。     

Influence of chemical modification of anthracite on the porosity of the resulting activated carbons

Activated carbons in a wide range of porosity (from essentially microporous to essentially mesoporous) have been prepared from anthracite by the combination of a chemical treatment with HClO₄ or Mg(ClO₄)₂ and a physical activation with CO₂ at 850°C. The main effects of the chemical treatment are a modification of anthracite microstructure by insertion and oxidation. The extent of these two reactions was found to be related to the nature of the chemical agents, the treatment time and temperature, and the textural properties of anthracite. As a consequence, the pretreatment of anthracite causes a noticeable reduction of the activation time and a change of the final pore size distribution. The influence of chemical treatment parameters has been analysed by means of XPS, FTIR, TGA, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and gas adsorption techniques. The optimal conditions for producing activated carbons from chemically modified anthracites were identified. Step by step increasing of the temperature of anthracite treatment by HClO₄ up to 160°C seems to be the best way to obtain a precursor of highly activated carbon with well-balanced micro and meso porosity.     

采用KOH与NaOH活化剂所制活性炭表面化学性质及孔结构的比较

采用沥青焦为原料,以KOH和NaOH活化剂制备出不同碱炭质量比（R）系列活性炭。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征出所制活性炭的石墨层结构和表面化学性质,并用氮气吸附和脱附等温线计算出BET比表面积、DFT孔径分布及孔容。实验结果表明,与NaOH活化剂相比,KOH活化剂所制活性炭石墨层破坏更明显,表面含氧官能团也明显增加。当R=5时,KOH活化剂所制样品BET比表面积高达2939m^2／g,孔容为1．43cm^2／g;而NaOH活化剂所制样品BET比表面积和孔容分别只有1098m^2／g、0．53cm^2／g。     

汽油饱和蒸气吸附用活性炭的制备

以煤为原料,KOH为活化剂制备活性炭。建立了静态吸附装置,并通过该装置研究了90#汽油在不同活性炭样品上的吸附性能。在制备过程中,考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸脱附性能的影响。研究发现,常温常压下活性炭对汽油饱和蒸气的吸附性能受多个参数的影响,其中BET比表面积影响最大,另外较大的孔、较宽的孔径分布,有利于脱附。同时得到最优的制备条件,碱炭比为5：1、活化温度800℃、活化时间1h。     

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Chestnut Shell and its Adsorption Characteristics for Lead

Activated carbons were prepared from chestnut shell by phosphoric acid activation and the prepared activated carbons were used to remove lead(II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of impregnation ratio (IR) and activation temperature on activated carbon production were investigated. The produced activated carbons were characterized by N₂ adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The highest surface area (1611 m²/g) and total pore volume (0.7819 cm³/g) were obtained at a carbonization temperature of 500°C with an impregnation ratio of 3/1. The resulting activated carbon was used for removal of lead(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. The adsorption isotherm studies were carried out and the obtained data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations. The rate of adsorption was found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm equation showed better fit for all temperatures and the maximum adsorption capacities of lead(II) was obtained as 138.88 mg/g at 45°C.     

Siberian anthracite as a precursor material for microporous activated carbons

The technology of obtaining active carbon from anthracite mined in Siberia is described. The effect of the activating agent, anthracite/activator ratio and activation temperature has been tested. The activation either with KOH or NaOH has been found to lead to microporous active carbon samples of well-developed surface area reaching from 588 to 2260 m²/g and pore volume from 0.29 to 1.12 m³/g. The structural properties of the active carbons obtained have been found to depend first of all on the anthracite/activating agent ratio, on the kind of activating agent and finally on the temperature of activation.     

油茶壳残渣制备活性炭的工艺

以油茶壳醇浸取后残渣为原料,以磷酸活化法制备活性炭,考察了浸渍比、磷酸质量分数和活化温度等对活性炭吸附性能及其得率的影响;活性炭的吸附性能由碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值表征。结果表明,在酸/炭浸渍比为3:1、磷酸质量分数70%、活化温度500℃时,活性炭的吸附性能最佳,其碘、亚甲基蓝吸附值和得率分别为1043.29mg/g、148.5mg/g和38.77%。采用物理吸附仪在77K下测定其N₂吸附脱附等温线,利用BET法和BJH法计算比表面积和孔径分布,其比表面积为1626.45m²/g,平均孔径为4.7nm,总孔容为1.94cm³/g。同时采用FTIR和XRD分析了活性炭的表面官能团和微观结构。