芳纶/碳纤维混杂机织复合材料的力学性能研究

分别以芳纶和碳纤维(CF)为经、纬向纱,采用小样织机制备了不同经纬密度的芳纶/CF混杂平纹织物;以环氧树脂为基体,采用真空辅助树脂转移成形方法制备芳纶/CF混杂织物增强复合材料(简称复合材料);分析了复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:在经向纱(简称经纱)、纬向纱(简称纬纱)的纤维种类分别相同时,复合材料的弯曲强度随经向密度增大而增大;以芳纶为经纱时,复合材料的弯曲模量和拉伸模量随着经纱的密度增大而减小,而复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着经纱密度的增大而增大;以CF为经纱时,复合材料的弯曲模量随着经纱密度的增大而增大,且弯曲强度和弯曲模量均高于以芳纶为经纱时的复合材料。     

制备工艺对亚麻增强聚丙烯复合材料拉伸性能的影响

以亚麻纤维为增强体,与聚丙烯（PP）长丝进行丝束级共混,形成PP包覆亚麻的纱线结构,利用机织工艺织成二维机织布,作为复合材料的预制件。采用层合热压方法制备PP／亚麻复合材料板材。通过对板材拉伸性能测试及扫描电镜（SEM）拉伸断口形貌分析,研究了不同纤维体积分数、织造密度及织造组织等因素对复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在选取最优热压温度与压力的条件下,纤维体积分数为50％的板材性能最优;经向密度相同时,拉伸性能随着纬向密度的增加而提高;经、纬向密度均相同时,斜纹3／1组织的板材性能最优,纬向最大拉伸强度可达92．42 MPa。     

不同拉伸速率下纳米碳酸钙填充PLLA复合材料的拉伸特性

研究了纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)用量及拉伸速率对聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)/nano-CaCO3复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着nano-CaCO3用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸弹性模量不断增加,当填充量为4 phr时,复合材料拉伸弹性模量比PLLA最大可提高58.3%;最大拉伸强度、拉伸断裂应力及断裂拉伸应变却不断减小。当nano-CaCO3含量相同时,拉伸速率越高,拉伸弹性模量和断裂拉伸应变越高,拉伸强度和拉伸断裂应力却随着拉伸速率的提高先增大后减小。     

前处理对亚麻增强热塑性复合材料力学性能的影响

将增强体亚麻纱线进行碱处理和偶联剂处理，再制成pp／亚麻包覆纱后进行平纹布织造，用层合热压法制成复合材料。处理后的亚麻纱线性能发生了变化；对最终复合材料进行了拉伸性能和声发射的测试，结果表明前处理后的复合材料界面粘结性提高，拉伸强度提高，弹性模量减小，其中碱处理的作用更大。     

不同预型件工艺对亚麻/聚丙烯热塑性复合材料力学性能的影响

采用交织混编法和包覆纱法加工成型亚麻聚丙烯热塑性预型件及其复合材料,比较了这两种成型方法对预制件及其复合材料的浸渍效果、拉伸性能和剥离性能的影响。结果表明,包覆纱法制备的预型件及其复合材料的浸渍效果较好,孔隙率较低,且力学性能较好,其拉伸强度比交织混编法制备的复合材料拉伸强度提高了46%,剥离强力提高了39%。     

注射成型短碳纤维增强聚乙烯复合材料力学性能的研究

研究了碳纤维含量对注射成型高密度聚乙烯/碳纤维复合材料拉伸强度、硬度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明,随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度逐渐增大;当碳纤维含量小于3.3 %时,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度成线性增加趋势;当碳纤维含量大于3.3 %时,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和拉伸强度的上升趋势增大。     

汽车内饰用2.5维机织复合材料的制备及拉伸性能

本文以丙纶(PP)长丝、亚麻为原料,通过包缠方式将PP长丝包覆在亚麻表面以形成PP/亚麻包缠纱;分别以PP/亚麻包缠纱为经纬纱,在全自动剑杆织样机上制织三种典型的2.5维(浅交弯联、浅交直联、深角联)机织物,并将该机织物通过热压的方式制成汽车内饰用2.5维机织复合材料,研究不同组织结构对复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,2.5维机织物的经向拉伸性能表现为深角联>浅交直联>浅交弯联,纬向拉伸性能相差不大;2.5维机织复合材料的拉伸性能表现为浅交直联>浅交弯联>深角联,纬向拉伸性能相差不大。     

整体中空夹层复合材料弯曲刚度研究

基于整体中空夹层复合材料的织物结构特点以及对经纬向弯曲变形现象的分析,建立两种夹层梁模型,分别推导了经向与纬向弯曲刚度的解析表达式。通过理论解、有限元解以及试验值的对比,验证了模型的合理性和准确性。在此基础上,运用本文理论方法探讨了纱线密度对整体中空夹层复合材料弯曲刚度的影响。研究表明,随着纱线密度的增加,整体中空夹层复合材料经纬向弯曲刚度均呈线性增加;经向弯曲刚度的影响因素按影响程度从大到小依次为经纱、绒经、纬纱;纬向弯曲刚度的影响因素按影响程度从大到小依次为纬纱、经纱、绒经;和纬向弯曲相比,绒经对经向弯曲刚度的影响更大。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚(丙三醇-癸二酸-柠檬酸)酯弹性体复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共缩聚反应法合成聚(丙三醇-癸二酸-柠檬酸)酯(PGSC)弹性体,再采用半原位聚合和研磨分散的方法制备多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/PGSC复合材料,并对复合材料的性能进行研究.结果表明,MWCNT对PGSC的玻璃化温度影响不大;随着MWCNT用量的增大,MWCNT/PGSC复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度总体增大,溶胀度和吸水率逐渐减小;当MWCNT用量达到或超过1份时,与PGSC相比,MWCNT/PGSC复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度较大,降解速率较小.     

聚丙烯/鳞片石墨导热复合材料的制备及性能

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,鳞片石墨(FG)为填料,通过添加偶联剂、开炼机混炼、模压成型的方法,制备了具有较高热导率和优良力学性能的PP/FG导热复合材料。考察了硅烷偶联剂的品种及用量、FG的粒径及含量对复合材料热导率和力学性能的影响。结果显示,使用偶联剂处理的FG对复合材料的力学性能具有一定的增强作用,但是材料的热导率降低;当KH 550添加量为FG含量的1%时,材料的力学性能最好;随着FG粒径的增大,材料的热导率明显提高,力学性能相应下降,粒径为17μm的FG与148μm的FG制备的复合材料相比,热导率提高了52.3%,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别由34.4 MPa和51.5 MPa下降到25.1 MPa和43.0 MPa;随着FG含量的增加,材料的热导率增大,当17μm的FG含量为70%时,材料的热导率是纯PP的22.1倍,拉伸弹性模量和弯曲弹性模量也随之增大,断裂拉伸应变和断裂弯曲应变减小,拉伸强度和弯曲强度先减小后增大,并且在FG含量为20%时降到最低。     

Open hole flexural and izod impact strength of unidirectional flax yarn reinforced polypropylene composites as a function of laminate lay‐up

An open hole flexural strength and impact energy of flax yarn‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were studied in this work. Highest flexural strength and strength retention were observed for axial (0₆) and cross‐ply (0/90/0)_s laminates, respectively, while also examining the influence of laminate lay‐up and open hole size on flexural strength. It was found that maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP)‐treated composite laminates achieved marginal improvement on flexural strength for all kinds of laminate lay‐up. Off‐axial laminates (±45₆) showed a good strength retention for open hole laminates after MAPP treatment. The fractography study confirmed microbuckling and matrix crack propagation over the compressive and tensile side of the laminate, respectively. Furthermore, severe surface damage was detected over the tensile side of 8‐mm hole size laminates. Impact test of the flax/PP laminates showed slight improvement by MAPP treatment. High‐ and low‐impact energy was experienced for axial and off‐axial laminates. The damaged impact sample shows evidence of fiber pull‐out for untreated flax yarn reinforced laminates. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1912–1920, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Influence of textile treatment on mechanical and sorption properties of flax/epoxy composites

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of conventional textile treatments of woven flax on the mechanical properties and the water sorption of flax/epoxy composites. The flax fabrics are standard 2/2 twills. Various treatments are carried out on fabric such as mercerization, bleaching, and leaching for long fibers or on yarn such as leaching for short fibers. A model, based on a modified rule of mixture applied to composite reinforced with woven fabric, is developed to include the effect of fiber and porosity volume fractions on composite stiffness and strength. Most treatments improve tensile stiffness and strength of flax/epoxy composite and reduce composite water sorption. We prove by X‐ray fluorescence analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile tests of dry fabric that it is due to an improvement in the interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix. The best performances are achieved with bleaching and mercerization treatment. The weakest performances are obtained with the composites made with leached yarns. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1761–1773, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Improving the bonding strength of laminated composites by optimizing fabric composition

Delamination is the most common failure mode in laminated composites due to the weaker strength in the through‐the‐thickness direction. Air‐jet texturing is used to produce bulk and loops in the yarn which provides more contact surface between fibers and resin. The development and characterization of core‐and‐effect textured glass yarns and the effect of texturing on the mechanical properties of laminated composites were presented in previous papers. This article describes the optimization of textured composites by varying the type and combination of constituent yarns for improving the mechanical properties. Composites with combinations of various textured yarns and non‐textured yarns were made. It was observed that the composites made from fabrics having non‐textured yarn in the warp and core‐and‐effect textured yarn in the weft had the best combination of mechanical properties. They maintained the tensile and flexure properties of composites with non‐textured yarns but had significantly higher interlaminar shear strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

GF/PP复合纱针织物预型件热压成型的压力对复合材料拉伸强度的影响

本文实验研究了热压成型压力对GF/PP复合纱针织物制成的复合材料拉伸强度的影响.研究结果表明,在实验研究的压力范围内随着压力的增大,成型后的复合材料的拉伸强度呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势.本文从压力的变化对熔融的树脂基体受到的向纤维束内部及纤维束之间渗透的外界推动力和阻力的影响角度分析讨论了产生该变化趋势的原因.     

化学气相渗透2.5维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能

采用等温减压化学气相浸渗(isothermal low-pressure chemical vapor infiltration,ILCVI)工艺制备了在厚度方向上具有纤维增强的2.5维(2.5 dimensional,2.5D)碳纤维增强碳化硅多层陶瓷基复合材料,从而使一端封口的防热结构部件的制备成为可能.ILCVI致密化后,复合材料的密度、孔隙率分别为1.95～2.1 g/cm3和16.5%～18%.沿经纱和纬纱两个方向对2.5D C/SiC复合材料进行室温拉伸实验.结果表明:复合材料在纵向和横向的拉伸应力-应变均表现为明显的非线性行为.复合材料具有较高的面内拉伸性能,纵横向的拉伸强度分别为326MPa和145MPa,断裂应变分别为0.697%和0.705%.复合材料的拉伸断裂为典型的韧性断裂,经纱和纬纱的断裂都表现为纤维的多级台阶式断裂以及纤维的大量拔出.     

Physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/flax hybrid composites

This research investigates the physical and mechanical properties of hybrid composites made of epoxy reinforced by kenaf and flax natural fibers to investigate the hybridization influences of the composites. Pure and hybrid composites were fabricated using bi-directional kenaf and flax fabrics at different stacking sequences utilizing the vacuum-assisted resin infusion method. The pure and hybrid composites' physical properties, such as density, fiber volume fraction (FVF), water absorption capacity, and dimensional stability, were measured. The tests of tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear and fracture toughness (Mode II) were examined to determine the mechanical properties. The results revealed that density remained unchanged for the hybrid compared to pure kenaf/epoxy composites. The tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear performance of flax/epoxy composite is improved by an increment of kenaf FVF in hybrid composites. The stacking sequence significantly affected the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The highest tensile strength (59.8 MPa) was obtained for FK2 (alternative sequence of flax and kenaf fibers). However, FK3 (flax fiber located on the outer surfaces) had the highest interlaminar shear strength (12.5 MPa) and fracture toughness (3302.3 J/m²) among all tested hybrid composites. The highest water resistance was achieved for FK5 with the lowest thickness swelling.     

Use of wet‐laid techniques to form flax‐polypropylene nonwovens as base substrates for eco‐friendly composites by using hot‐press molding

The wet‐laid process with flax (base) and polypropylene (binder) fibers has been used to obtain nonwovens for further processing by hot‐press molding. Mechanical characterization of nonwovens has revealed that slight anisotropy is obtained with the wet‐laid process as better tensile strength is obtained in the preferential deposition direction. The thermo‐bonding process provides good cohesion to nonwovens, which is critical for further handling/shaping by hot‐press molding. Flax:PP composites have been processed by stacking eight individual flax:PP nonwoven sheets and applying moderate temperature and pressure. As the amount of binder fiber is relatively low (<30 wt%) if compared with similar systems processed by extrusion and injection molding, it is possible to obtain eco‐friendly composites as the total content on natural fiber (flax) is higher than 70 wt%. Mechanical characterization of hot‐pressed flax:PP composites has revealed high dependency of tensile and flexural strength on the total amount of binder fiber as this component is responsible for flax fiber embedment which is a critical parameter to ensure good fiber–matrix interaction. Combination of wet‐laid techniques with hot‐press molding processes is interesting from both technical and environmental points of view as high natural fiber content composites with balanced properties can be obtained. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PP/Talc/MA-SEBS复合材料的力学性能研究

选用MA-SEBS为增容剂,制备了PP/滑石粉(Talc)/MA-SEBS复合材料,研究了Talc和MA-SEBS的含量对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,单纯加入一定量Talc可以明显提高PP冲击强度,再加入MA-SEBs后,复合材料的冲击强度进一步增加.MA-SEBS除了作为相容剂.也充当增韧剂.刚性粒子Talc使...