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美国威斯康辛大学在对大学本科生教学高级有机化学中采用一种新的教学法即循序学习提示解题法。它加强了学生在解答有机化学中合成及其历程的习题时的思考能力。这些习题所涉及的主题材料和课文内容虽不相同,但是具有一共同的特点,都是强调为了开扩学生在解题中的思路,更好地理解有关课文内容和应用。 许多有机化学教材中都设有习题,但是这些习题都不具备学生所实际需要的习题解 相似文献
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守恒法是中学化学的重要思想,在化学解题中有重要应用,而整体思维是一种重要的化学思维方法,学生在学习过程中,如果能很好地将整体思维与守恒法两者运用于化学解题中,能起到简化解题过程,而且快速准确,便能达到事半功倍的效果。本文从近几年高考题中选择有关化学计算中运用守恒法的解题方法,以实例分析。 相似文献
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流体相平衡的基础理论抽象复杂,不同形态物质相图多变,计算过程繁琐,为教师讲解、学生学习及工程技术人员应用带来极大困难。鉴此,通过整合作者的流体相平衡教学和研究内容,从日常生活案例、流体相平衡实际应用入手,建设了包括相平衡基本概念、相图详解、实验和模型方法、工程应用、物性数据查询系统、交流园地等资源共享平台,为从事化工、冶金、热电、制药等专业人员提供完备的流体相平衡理论和实际应用图谱,践行互联网在现代教与学中的应用。 相似文献
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含R1234yf混合工质具有系统性能优良且对环境友好的特点,在当前制冷剂迭代中受到了广泛关注。汽液相平衡性质是混合工质的基础热物理性质,其理论计算至关重要。为提高含R1234yf混合工质汽液相平衡数据的计算精度,选取PR状态方程结合vdW、WS、MHV1三种混合规则和NRTL活度系数模型评估了16种含R1234yf二元混合工质的汽液相平衡性质。结果表明,WS混合规则和MHV1混合规则计算性能优于vdW混合规则;vdW混合规则对大多数混合工质计算性能较好。最后提出一种预测模型预测含R1234yf混合工质汽液相平衡性质,预测的相对压力偏差值为0.49%,气相摩尔分数绝对偏差值为0.0031,预测偏差满足工程应用。 相似文献
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我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure. 相似文献
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以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献